... Most of these discrete mathematical models are first- order functional difference equations. Rela-tively, few articles focused on the existence of positive periodic solutions of higher -order functional ... Difference Equations 2011, 2011:56http://www.advancesindifferenceequations.com/content/2011/1/56Page 8 of 8 RESEARC H Open AccessPositive periodic solutionof higher -order functional difference equation Mei-Lan ... k, , m ẻ N where Ndenotes the set of positive integers.The purpose of this article is to consider the existence of positive periodic solution of higher -order functional differen ce equatio...
... of first- order partial differential equations,including questions such as estimates of solutions of initial problems, estimates of domains of solutions, estimates of the difference between solutions ... infinite systems ofdifferential functional equations and strongly coupled infinitesystems offirstorder partial differential equations. Rocky Mt J Math. 10, 237–246 (1980)Kamont Journal of Inequalities ... c].Proof The existence and uniqueness of the solution to (30) follows from classical the-orems on Carathéodory solutions of ordinary differential equations. We conclude fromKamont Journal of Inequalities...
... new results for BVPs of first- order nonlinearintegro -differential equations of volterra typeYepeng Xing*and Yi Fu* Correspondence: ypxing-jason@hotmail.comDepartment of Mathematics,Shanghai ... University,200234, People’s Republic of ChinaAbstractIn this work we present some new results concerning the existence of solutions for first- order nonlinear integro -differential equations with boundary ... potential solutions of x = λTx, λ ∈[0, 1],(3:14)are bounded a priori, with the bound being independent of l. With this in mind, letx be a solutionof (3.14). Note that x is also a solution of...
... “Existence of solutions for a class of third -order nonlinear boundary valueproblems,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 294, no. 1, pp. 104–112, 2004.14 D. Guo, Semi-Ordered ... problem,”Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 323, no. 1, pp. 413–425, 2006.12 Y. Sun, “Positive solutions of singular third -order three-point boundary value problem,” Journal of Mathematical ... singular boundary value problem of third -order differential equations,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 485–494, 2010.4 Y. Sun, “Positive solutions for third -order three-point nonhomogeneous...
... Difference Equations 136. ConclusionsIn this paper, by using the fixed point theorem of cone, we have investigated the existence of positive solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional differential equations ... preliminaries for discussing the existence of positive solutions of boundary value problem 1.5. Advances in Difference Equations 5Therefore, the unique solutionof BVP 2.1 isxt −1Γαt0t ... and E. Mboumi, “Positive solutions of a boundary value problem for a nonlinearfractional differential equation, ” Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations,no.3,pp. 1–11,...
... existence of maximal and minimal solutions for 1.2.Definition 4.1. Let mt be a solutionof 1.2 in 0, 1, then mt is said to be a maximal solution of 1.2, if for every solution ut of 1.2 ... fractionaldifferential equations have been of great interest, and there have been many resultson existence and uniqueness of the solutionof boundary value problems for fractionaldifferential equations, ... Journal of Differential Equations , vol. 36, pp. 1–12, 2006.8 Z. B. Bai and H. S. Lău, Positive solutions for boundary value problem of nonlinear fractionaldifferential equation, ” Journal of Mathematical...
... in order to approximate the solution of the nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equation. We define, following a fixed-point approach,a sequence of functions which approximate the solutionof ... estimate the rate of convergence of the sequence of projections. For this purpose, consider the dense subset {ti}i≥1 of distinct points in 0, 1 andlet Tnbe the set {t1, ,tn} ordered in an ... used in order to establish the fact that the sequence defined inTheorem 3.1 approximates the solutionof the nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equation, as well as giving an upper bond of the...
... thusenhancing the orderof strong convergence from γ =0.5toγ =1.0. Nonethe-less, the orderof weak convergence of the Milstein scheme equals β =1.0,which is not an improvement over the orderof weak ... collection of events, sigma-algebraAfiltrationE(X) expectation of XE(X |A) conditional expectation of X under AP (A) probability of AP (A |B) probability of A conditioned on B∈ element of ∈ ... approxi-mation of continuous solutions of SDEs. The discrete time approximation of SDEs with jumps represents the focus of the monograph. The reader learnsabout powerful numerical methods for the solution...
... β>α.We now come up to the equivalence of the expressive power of recurrentneural networks and Muller automaton. Firstof all, we prove that any first- order recurrent neural network can be simulated ... specification of itsattr actors. Then there exists a Muller automaton ANsuch that L(N )=L(AN). A Hierarchical Classification of First- Order Recurrent Neural Networks 143class of rational-weighted ... obtained hierarchical classification of neural net-works consists of a decidable pre-well ordering of width 2 and height ωω,andadecidability procedure of this hierarchy is provided. Notably,...
... Wadge hierarchies of the class of all Σ11-sets.1The Wadge hierarchy of a given class of ω-languages corresponds to the collection of all ω-languages of this class ordered by the Wadge reduction ... 2−k)0ωproduces an output of the form 0∗r((pb−1(k), qb−1(k)))0ω.Proof. A straightforward generalization of the proof of Lemma 2. The next result now shows that any Σ11-set of {0, 1}ωcan ... complexity of ω-languages [32]. Indeed, the Wadge hierarchy provides an extensive refinement of the Borelhierarchy, and hence permits a closer analysis of the topological complexity of classes of ω-languages....
... extended in several directions. First of all, it could be of interest to study the same kind of hierarchical classification A Hierarchical Classification of First- Order Recurrent Neural Networks ... Hierarchical Classification of First- Order Recurrent Neural Networks 151hierarchy is actually a well-ordering. In fact, the RNN hierarchy consists of analternating succession of non-self-dual and ... the issue of the expressivepower of neural networks is approached from the point of view of the theory of automata on infinite words, and it is proved that first -order recurrent neural1More precisely,...
... compact set of fixedpoints in C(I), which are exactly the solutions of problem (4).Claim 2: Every solution x of (4) satisfies α ≤ x ≤ β on I and, therefore, itis a solutionof (1) in [α, β]. First, ... prove that all solutions x of (4) obey x ≤ β on I.Claim3: The set of solutions of problem (1) in[α, β]has maximal andminimal elements. The setS = {x ∈ C(I) : x is a solutionof (1) , x ∈ ... arbitrary solutionof problem (10) andlet us prove that ˆx is neither the least nor the greatest solutionof (10) in[α, β]. First, if ˆx changes sign in I0then ˆx cannot be an extremal solution of...
... 2011:5http://www.boundaryvalueproblems.com/content/2011/1/5Page 7 of 11 Then, Equation 12 holds.Therefore, by Equations 10 and 12 and the first part of Lemma 2.3, T has a fixedpoint inP ∩(¯2\1), which is a positive solutionofEquation ... doi:10.1016/S0362-546X(01)00478-33. Kang, P, Wei, Z: Three positive solutions of singular nonlocal boundary value problems for systems of nonlinearsecond -order ordinary differential equations. Nonlinear Anal. 70, 444–451 ... boundary value problems of arbitrary order. J Lond Math Soc. 79, 238–258 (2009)9. Zhang, Z, Perera, K: Sign-changing solutions of Kirchhoff type problems via invariant sets of descent flow. J Math...
... theorems on oscillation and nonoscillation of solutions to 1.3 are obtained. Thus, solutions of two different equations and/or twodifferent solutions of the same equation are compared, which allows ... delay dynamic equations of first order, ” Advances in Difference Equations, vol. 2008, Article ID 458687, 12 pages, 2008.10 H. A. Agwo, “On the oscillation of first order delay dynamic equations with ... uniqueness of solutions to systems of delay dynamic equations on timescales,” http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.0737v3 .6 M. Bohner, “Some oscillation criteria for first order delay dynamic equations,”...
... a unique solution and then studied the dependence of this solution on the parametersλ and μ.Sun11 discussed the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions to a class of third -order three-point ... and Parameter Dependence of Positive Solution of Fourth -Order Nonhomogeneous BVPsJian-Ping Sun and Xiao-Yun WangDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, ... uniqueness of a positive solution. Thedependence of the solution on the parameters λii 1, 2, 3, 4 is also studied.1. IntroductionBoundary value problems BVPs for short consisting of fourth-order...