smell taste and hearing

... warmth, and irritation are mediated through the trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and vagal afferents in the nose, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx Flavor is the complex interaction of taste, smell, ... interaction of taste, smell, and somatic sensation Terms relating to disorders of smell include anosmia, an absence of the ability to smell; hyposmia, a decreased ability to smell; hyperosmia, an increased ... receptors that also includes rhodopsins; α- and β-adrenergic receptors; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; and neurotransmitter receptors for dopamine, serotonin, and substance P In humans, there are...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... subjective distortion of taste and smell, which may become more severe as the disease progresses The loss of taste and smell may play an important role in the development and progression of HIV-associated ... consciousness, moderately severe head injury (grades II–V), and skull fracture Frontal injuries and fractures disrupt the cribriform plate and olfactory axons that perforate it Sometimes there is ... craniopharyngiomas, suprasellar meningiomas, and aneurysms of the anterior part of the circle of Willis extend forward and damage olfactory structures These tumors and hamartomas may also induce seizures...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... and sinusitis, polyps, neoplasms, and structural abnormalities of the nasal cavities can be undertaken with a high likelihood for improvement Allergy management; antibiotic therapy; topical and ... glucocorticoid therapy; and surgery for nasal polyps, deviation of the nasal septum, and chronic hyperplastic sinusitis are frequently effective in restoring the sense of smell There is no proven ... recovery often occurs Zinc and vitamin therapy (especially with vitamin A) are advocated by some Profound zinc deficiency can produce loss and distortion of the sense of smell but is not a clinically...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... loss of taste as well as smell by asking if they are able to taste sweetness in sodas, saltiness in potato chips, etc Physiology of Taste The taste receptor cells are located in the taste buds, ... taste bud contains 50–150 taste cells that extend from the base of the taste bud to the taste pore, where the apical microvilli of taste cells have contact with tastants dissolved in saliva and ... individual taste receptor cells The papillae lie along the lateral margin and dorsum of the tongue; at the junction of the dorsum and the base of the tongue; and in the palate, epiglottis, larynx, and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... respiratory infections and head trauma can lead to both smell and taste dysfunction; taste is more likely to improve than smell The mechanism of taste disturbance in these situations is not well understood ... of taste dysfunction in clinical practice Xerostomia, regardless of the etiology, can be associated with taste dysfunction It is associated with poor oral clearance and poor dental hygiene and ... to the oral cavity and pharynx; viral infections; endocrine disorders; neoplasms; and aging Neural gustatory losses occur with neoplasms, trauma, and surgical procedures in which...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... the nerve Taste dysfunction following trauma may resolve spontaneously without intervention and is more likely to so than posttraumatic smell dysfunction Idiopathic alterations of taste sensitivity ... bacterial and fungal infections of the oral cavity can be of great help in improving taste function Taste disturbance related to drugs can often be resolved by changing the prescribed medication Hearing ... medication Hearing Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans and can present at any age Nearly 10% of the adult population has some hearing loss, and one-third of individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... that are active, and the specific neurons that are activated Genetic Causes of Hearing Loss More than half of childhood hearing impairment is thought to be hereditary; hereditary hearing impairment ... the hearing loss associated with dominant genes has its onset in adolescence or adulthood and varies in severity, whereas the hearing loss associated with recessive inheritance is congenital and ... channels (KCNQ4, SLC26A4), and gap junction proteins (GJB2, GJB3, GJB6) Several of these genes, including connexin 26 (GJB2), TECTA, and TMC1, cause both autosomal dominant and recessive forms of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS); myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers (MERRF); progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO)] (Table 30-4) Table 30-4 Syndromic Hereditary Hearing Impairment ... Cytoskeletal protein EYA1 Developmental gene SIX1 Developmental gene KVLQT1 Delayed BOR syndrome Jervell and LangeNielsen syndrome rectifier K+ rectifier K+ channel KCNE1 Delayed channel Norrie disease ... SLUG Transcription factor EDNRB Endothelin-B receptor EDN3 Endothelin-B WS type IV receptor ligand SOX10 Transcription factor Note: BOR, syndrome.[newpage] branchio-oto-renal syndrome; WS, Waardenburg...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... bone and normal ear tissue Theories of pathogenesis include traumatic implantation and invasion, immigration and invasion through a perforation, and metaplasia following chronic infection and ... cause of low-frequency conductive hearing loss It occurs equally in men and women and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance Hearing impairment usually presents ... cholesteatoma Conductive hearing loss secondary to ossicular erosion is common Surgery is required to remove this destructive process Conductive hearing loss with a normal ear canal and intact tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... auditory system pathology and is associated with sensorineural hearing impairment A finding of conductive and sensory hearing loss in combination is termed mixed hearing loss Mixed hearing losses are ... sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness Tinnitus and/ or deafness may be absent during the initial attacks of vertigo, but invariably appear as the disease progresses and increase ... labyrinthectomy, and vestibular nerve section Both labyrinthectomy and vestibular nerve section abolish rotatory vertigo in >90% of cases Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy for hearing loss,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... of reduced hearing, poor sound localization, and difficulty hearing clearly with background noise Gradual progression of a hearing deficit is common with otosclerosis, noise-induced hearing loss, ... asymmetric hearing impairment, tinnitus, and imbalance (rarely vertigo); cranial neuropathy, in particular of the trigeminal or facial nerve, may accompany larger tumors In addition to hearing loss, ... vertigo, tinnitus, and aural fullness Hearing loss with otorrhea is most likely due to chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma Examination should include the auricle, external ear canal, and tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... tone audiometry establishes the presence and severity of hearing impairment, unilateral vs bilateral involvement, and the type of hearing loss Conductive hearing losses with a large mass component, ... lower frequencies Often, the conductive hearing loss involves all frequencies, suggesting involvement of both stiffness and mass In general, sensorineural hearing losses such as presbycusis affect ... characteristically associated with low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss Noiseinduced hearing loss has an unusual pattern of hearing impairment in which the loss at 4000 Hz is greater than...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... return of normal hearing in individuals with middle-ear effusions Hearing aids are effective and welltolerated in patients with conductive hearing losses Patients with mild, moderate, and severe sensorineural ... severe sensorineural hearing losses are regularly rehabilitated with hearing aids of varying configuration and strength Hearing aids have been improved to provide greater fidelity and have been miniaturized ... rehabilitation Digital hearing aids lend themselves to individual programming, and multiple and directional microphones at the ear level may be helpful in noisy surroundings Since all hearing aids amplify...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... noise-induced hearing loss include wood and metal working with electrical equipment and target practice and hunting with small firearms All internal-combustion and electric engines, including snow and ... function and deafness due to aminoglycoside antibiotics can largely be prevented by careful monitoring of serum peak and trough levels Some 10 million Americans have noise-induced hearing loss, and ... speaker is well-illuminated and easily seen Although speech should be in a loud, clear voice, one should be aware that in sensorineural hearing losses in general and in hard-of -hearing elderly in particular,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... smell look/sound tastes hear smell sound listen – hear feel look see taste sounds Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the sentences: feel looked looks/sounds hear see taste listened smell...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2013, 16:10

... Mike and his wife and daughter, my wife and I, and a man called Richard Pratt Richard Pratt was famous for his love of food and wine He was president of a small society known as the Epicures, and ... Taste and Other Tales ROALD DAHL Level Selected and retold by Michael Caldon Series Editors: Andy Hopkins and Jocelyn Potter Pearson Education Limited ... glass and moved over the surface of the wine He moved the wine gently around in the glass to smell it better He closed his eyes, and now the whole top half of his body, the head and neck and chest,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 15:52

... §8(e)(1)(C)(i) and (ii) of the FDIA, 12 U.S.c § 1818(e)(l)(C)(i) and (ii) V REQUESTED RELIEF' AND NOTICE OF HEARING 33 Notice is hereby given that a hearing will be held in Baltimore, Maryland tor the ... Respondent's violation oflaws and regulations and/ or unsafe and unsound practices involved personal dishonesty on his part and/ or a willful or continuing disregard for the safety and soundness of an insured ... removal and prohibition and civil money penalty proceedings against an lAP See 12 U.S.C §§ 1818(e) and (i)(2); 1813(q)(4) and 1464(d)(l)(A) 12 Because Respondent is, and at all relevant times,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 09:20

... aside his cloak and exposing his arm from which the hand had been cut off, “Behold,” he cried—“behold this, and let it speak for my brother and myself!” The multitude relented, and were all at ... Father, and Palmyra in Mahomet, augmented her reputation, and in less than a month the fame of this prodigy, for such she appeared to be, had reached every town and city of Great Britain and Ireland ... of her husband, and with the most poignant regret left her 129native country and her father, to sojourn in a strange land On the 19th of September, 1796, they sailed from the Downs, and on the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 12:20

... Ganderbai – Mr Schofield – Richard Pratt – Mrs Maloney – Klausner Taste and Other Tales - Activity worksheets  of Progress test LEVEL Taste and Other Tales Match the first half of the sentences (a)–(e) ... aloud and ask the other members of the class to guess who it can be and why 13 What will happen to these people? What will they now? – Mrs Bixby – Mrs Foster – Ida Hitler – Harry Pope – Dr Ganderbai ... woman’s husband think about the new baby? … 1) that he is strong 2) that he is too small 3) that he will not survive Poison 11 Put these events in chronological order a c Timber phones Dr Ganderbai...

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2016, 17:55

... flowers smell nice Dark chocolate usually tastes bitter His new car looks expensive Men look busy Your idea sounds interesting The soup tastes salty and spicy I can’t eat it The pancakes smell ... This soup tastes good Do you want to try some? Exercise Complete the sentences with “sound”, smell , “look”, “feel” or taste car looks expensive students look tired cheese smells\ tastes bad ... pancakes smell delicious I’d like to taste one The dinner tasted great They look tired after work 10 Her voice sounds quietly and nicely Opera sounds boring Beer tastes bitter Your massage sounds...

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2016, 20:26