sleep disorders and neuromuscular disorders

... to Pediatric Sleep Disorders, edited by Mark A Richardson and Norman R Friedman Sleep Disorders and Neurologic Diseases, Second Edition, edited by Antonio Culebras Sleep Disorders and Neurologic ... primary sleep disorders often associated with motor phenomena and with similar presentations These include some nightmares and sleep terrors, NREM sleep partial arousal disorders, and REM -sleep ... Hypersomnia and Recurrent Hypersomnia Douglas B Kirsch and Ronald D Chervin ix 143 x Contents PART V: MOTOR DISORDERS OF SLEEP 10 Motor Disorders of Sleep: Periodic, Aperiodic, and Rhythmic Motor Disorders...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... neurologic and general medical disorders as well as primary sleep disorders and medications and alcohol.93 Physiologic Causes of Sleepiness Sleep deprivation and sleepiness because of lifestyle and ... genetics of sleep and sleep disorders Morin and Benca replaced Spielman and Anderson for the insomnia chapter (26), shedding light on recent understanding about the role of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic ... Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep States Sleep State % Sleep Time NREM sleep N1 N2 N3 REM sleep Tonic stage Phasic stage 75–80 3–8 45–55 15–20 20–25 — — and sleep, and Table 2–3...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... hypertension and pre-eclampsia Data is also Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disturbed Breathing and Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy accumulating to suggest that both short sleep duration and sleep- disordered ... welcome and are discussed by Dr Miyamoto Chris Idzikowski Director, Edinburgh Sleep Centre and the Sleep Assessment and Advisory Service, Edinburgh, UK 1 Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep ... orders@intechweb.org Sleep Disorders, Edited by Chris Idzikowski p cm ISBN 978-953-51-0293-9 Contents Preface IX Chapter Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disturbed Breathing and Sleep Disorders...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... pay special attention to sleep quality among older adults Sleep disorders in the elderly Primary sleep disorders Primary sleep disorders are distinguished from other sleep disorders in that these ... Ageing & sleep disorders Sleep consists of main phases: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep (divided into three progressively “deeper” stages: N1, N2 and N3) Studies comparing sleep ... (RLS)/periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), and REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) (i) Sleep- disordered breathing Sleep- disordered breathing encompasses a spectrum 303 of breathing disorders ranging from...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... hypertension and pre-eclampsia Data is also Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disturbed Breathing and Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy accumulating to suggest that both short sleep duration and sleep- disordered ... welcome and are discussed by Dr Miyamoto Chris Idzikowski Director, Edinburgh Sleep Centre and the Sleep Assessment and Advisory Service, Edinburgh, UK 1 Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep ... orders@intechweb.org Sleep Disorders, Edited by Chris Idzikowski p cm ISBN 978-953-51-0293-9 Contents Preface IX Chapter Sleep and Pregnancy: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disturbed Breathing and Sleep Disorders...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... class of sleep and arousal disorders has been identified Physiology of Sleep and Wakefulness Most adults sleep 7–8 h per night, although the timing, duration, and internal structure of sleep vary ... cultures sleep may be divided into a mid-afternoon nap and a shortened night sleep Two principal systems govern the sleep- wake cycle: one actively generates sleep and sleep- related processes and another ... states of sleep: (1) rapid-eyemovement (REM) sleep, and (2) non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep NREM sleep is further subdivided into four stages, characterized by increasing arousal threshold and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... slow-wave sleep may be completely absent, particularly in males A different age profile exists for REM sleep than for slow-wave sleep In infancy, REM sleep may comprise 50% of total sleep time, and ... a profound impact on sleep state organization (Fig 28-1) Slowwave sleep is most intense and prominent during childhood, decreasing sharply at puberty and across the second and third decades of ... limited to NREM or slow-wave sleep, although peptides that increase REM sleep have also been reported Many putative "sleep factors," including interleukin and prostaglandin D 2, are immunologically...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... timing and internal architecture of sleep are directly coupled to the output of the endogenous circadian pacemaker Paradoxically, the endogenous circadian rhythms of sleep tendency, sleepiness, and ... These rhythms are thus timed to oppose the homeostatic decline of sleep tendency during the habitual sleep episode and the rise of sleep tendency throughout the usual waking day, respectively Misalignment ... Per1 gene (and probably other clock genes) by a heterodimer of the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 (also called MOP3) bound to an Ebox DNA regulatory element The Per1 transcript and its product,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... more regular during NREM sleep (especially slow-wave sleep) and tonic REM sleep and becomes very irregular during phasic REM sleep Minute ventilation decreases in NREM sleep out of proportion ... NREM sleep dream recall can be increased by selective REM sleep deprivation, suggesting that REM sleep and dreaming per se are not inexorably linked Physiologic Correlates of Sleep States and ... are influenced by sleep Changes in cardiovascular function include a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate during NREM and particularly during slow-wave sleep During REM sleep, phasic activity...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... physician better understand the nature of the complaint Work times and sleep times (including daytime naps and nocturnal awakenings) as well as drug and alcohol use, including caffeine and hypnotics, ... specific disorders such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea and may be of utility in other settings as well In addition to the three electrophysiologic variables used to define sleep states and stages, ... condition, if sleep, possible; dopamine predisposing agonists (e.g., medical pramipexole, ropinirole) conditions condition (e.g., iron deficiency or renal failure) Disturbe d Sleep- wake sleep, diary...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... co-morbid medical and psychiatric disorders All insomnias can be exacerbated and perpetuated by behaviors that are not conducive to initiating or maintaining sleep Inadequate sleep hygiene is ... one point, and multiple awakenings or nonrestorative sleep occurring at other times Subsyndromal psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety and mood complaints), negative conditioning to the sleep environment ... behavior therapies for anxiety and negative conditioning (see below), pharmacotherapy and/ or psychotherapy for mood/anxiety disorders, and an emphasis on maintenance of good sleep hygiene If insomnia...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... varies with age and symptomatology Depressed patients also show decreased slow-wave sleep and reduced sleep continuity In mania and hypomania, sleep latency is increased and total sleep time can ... anxiety disorders tend not to show the changes in REM sleep and slow-wave sleep seen in endogenously depressed patients Chronic alcoholics lack slow-wave sleep, have decreased amounts of REM sleep ... of alcohol usage Sleep architecture and physiology are disturbed in schizophrenia (with a decreased amount of stage sleep and a lack of augmentation of REM sleep following REM sleep deprivation);...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Similarly, alcohol and nicotine can interfere with sleep, despite the fact that many patients use them to relax and promote sleep Although alcohol can increase drowsiness and shorten sleep latency, ... the sleep disordered breathing Treatment of the sleep apnea may substantially improve the angina and the nocturnal sleep quality Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea can also occur as a consequence of sleep- associated ... to sleep is contraindicated in patients with sleep apnea because of the inhibitory effects of alcohol on upper airway muscle tone Acutely, amphetamines and cocaine suppress both REM sleep and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... of sleep disorders (including narcolepsy, sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, and various forms of insomnia) and may be associated with frequent arousals and an increased number of sleep- stage ... Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital.) Evaluation of Daytime Sleepiness Daytime impairment due to sleep loss may be difficult to quantify for several reasons First, sleepiness is not necessarily ... Figure 28-3 Polysomnographic recordings of (A) obstructive sleep apnea and (B) periodic limb movement of sleep Note the snoring and reduction in air flow in the presence of continued respiratory...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... index of the adequacy of sleep can be made with the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), which involves repeated measurement of sleep latency (time to onset of sleep) under standardized conditions ... results in chronic sleep disruption (e.g., sleep apnea in hypothyroidism) or in abnormal sleep (e.g., fibromyalgia) While clinical evaluation of the complaint of excessive sleepiness is usually ... states Screening for sleep disorders, provision of an adequate number of safe highway rest areas, maintenance of unobstructed shoulder rumble strips, and strict enforcement and compliance monitoring...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... reliably Hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralysis are often found in nonnarcoleptic individuals and may be present in only one-half of narcoleptics Nocturnal sleep disruption ... risk of sleep- related motor vehicle accidents, hypertension and other serious cardiovascular complications, and increased mortality Sleep apnea is particularly prevalent in overweight men and in ... typically with MSLT mean sleep latencies

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... self-limited and benign and that no specific therapy is indicated Both sleep terrors and sleepwalking represent abnormalities of arousal In contrast, nightmares occur during REM sleep and cause ... one-third of cases Sleep Terrors This disorder, also called pavor nocturnus, occurs primarily in young children during the first several hours after sleep onset, in stages and of NREM sleep The child ... difficult, and individuals may rarely respond to attempted awakening with agitation or even violence Sleepwalking arises from stage or NREM sleep, usually in the first hours of the night, and is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... stimuli and lapses of consciousness The sleepy individual may thus attempt to perform routine and familiar motor tasks during the transition state between wakefulness and sleep (stage sleep) in ... alertness and performance, increased reaction time, and increased risk of performance lapses, thereby resulting in greater safety hazards among night workers and other sleep- deprived individuals Sleep ... of cancer and of cardiac, gastrointestinal, and reproductive disorders in chronic night-shift workers Sleep onset is associated with marked attenuation in perception of both auditory and visual...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... circumstances Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder Delayed sleep phase disorder is characterized by: (1) reported sleep onset and wake times intractably later than desired, (2) actual sleep times at nearly ... output of the pacemaker and the 24-h day Such patients typically present with an incremental pattern of successive delays in sleep onsets and wake times, progressing in and out of phase with local ... consecutive night shifts, and (4) the duration of night shifts Shift durations of >16 h should be universally recognized as increasing the risk of sleeprelated errors and performance lapses to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Storch KF et al: Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart Nature 417:78, 2002 [PMID: 11967526] Tafti M et al: Genes for normal sleep and sleep disorders Ann Med 37:580, ... wakefulness: Dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation Sleep 26:117, 2003 Young MW et al: Time zones: A comparative ... light and sleep/ darkness scheduling in alleviating circadian maladaptation to night work Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281:E384, 2001 Kryger MH et al (eds): Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20