single and multiple objective problems

... the standards Se metal and SeO2 and (d) the first derivative plots of the same spectra Figure 3(c) shows the Se K-edge spectra of the FeSex crystals and Se and SeO2 standards, while Fig 3(d) ... samples with y=0.5 and 0.7 and reference samples Fe2O3 and pure iron metal Figure 5(b) compares RIXS obtained with resonant excitation at 708 eV from samples with y=0.5 and 0.7 and from reference ... corehole lifetime and multiplet broadening, and are not associated with the Fe 3d bandwidth Figure (c) displays a deconvoluted spectrum that includes a single dominant line (C1) and a low-energy contribution...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... density maps and facilitate further rebuilding and improvement of the molecular model, until no unexplained electron density remained, and the Rcryst and Rfree values converged at 18.9% and 24.4%, ... Protein–ligand and water-mediated protein–ligand hydrogen bond interactions (broken lines) that stablize the pantoate molecules in site I and site II of nPS Oxygen atoms of pantoate and water ... is essential for CoA biosynthesis, and functions in fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism [2] The structure and function of PSs from several prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have been...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... interconversion between Ala and Glu, Glu and Asp, and Glu and Gln is efficient in wheat germ extract but can effectively be suppressed by inhibitors of transaminases and glutamine synthase [20] ... scrambling and easier sample handling compared to in vivo protein production render cell-free protein synthesis particularly attractive for high-throughput production of proteins and selective ... observation and dynamics of specific amide protons in T4 lysozyme Biochemistry 24, 817–822 McIntosh LP & Dahlquist FW (1990) Biosynthetic incorporation of 15N and 13C for assignment and interpretation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... AC and ABC lyases generate disaccharides and tetrasaccharides [4] and have been widely used for the analysis of CS ⁄ DS composition These studies have yielded crucial data allowing an understanding ... species, designated CS#604 and CS#606, are summarized in Table Partial 600MHz gradient-COSY-45 and TOCSY 2D-NMR spectra for the former are shown in Figs and 3, respectively, and a partial gradient-COSY-45 ... Nieduszynski IA, Anderson K, Boocock J, Sandall PL & Weeks SD (2001) Characterization of oligosaccharides from the chondroitin sulfates 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR studies of reduced disaccharides and tetrasaccharides...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... template and the oligonucleotides FAD(CA)-1 and FAD(CA)-2 as primers (Table 1) The 1006-bp amplication product was digested with EcoRI and BamHI and ligated into the vector pMal-c2 (New England Biolabs) ... TARFH2 and FMNH2, are C(5a), C(7), C(9a) and C(10a), and as already mentioned above, C(2) (Fig 7B) With respect to the 13C chemical shifts of FMNH2, C(2), C(5a), C(9a) and C(10a) of wild-type and ... containing mM EDTA and mM Na2SO3 and the suspension was ultrasonically treated and centrifuged The supernatant (15 mL) was passed through a column of amylose resin (New England Biolabs; 20 ã 30...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... conditions, zinc binding occurs with His6, His13, His14 and Asp1 as ligands The binding seems to be specific and affects mainly the ligands and the neighboring residues The detected residue-specific ... 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 286 K without (black) and with (red) 30 lM zinc as chloride (red) The d and e resonances of the histidines shown in (A) and (B), respectively, show significant ... 10 and 50 mm Hepes buffer at pH 7.2 and with 0, 10 and 20 lm Zn2+ Under these conditions, the dissociation constant for the Ab(1–28)–copper interaction was determined to be 2.5 ± 0.2 lm, and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... substrates, and products of C ammoniagenes in the XMP-production phase (A) Growth (j), residual glc (s), and residual glu (h) (B) XMP (j) and hypoxanthine (m) production (C) Glc (s) and glu (h) ... ADP and Fig Representative 31P NMR spectra of metabolites from the XMP overproducer in phase I (A) and II (B) In spectra A and B, cell density during NMR observations were approximately gÆL)1 and ... sugar phosphate and intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pin ) signals i at approximately )5–0 p.p.m were not distinct from the accumulated XMP and inorganic phosphate added as K2HPO4 and KH2PO4 for...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:22

... rate constants are similar between NP and MP and 2248 between HP and HPO in accordance with the similar shapes and sizes between NP and MP and between HP and HPO The different Kd values are proportional ... HP and 20 mM GA The reaction was initiated with 10 lM SaDHNA at 25 °C and quenched with M HCl The reverse reaction generated both DHNP and DHMP HP, DHNP, and DHMP were oxidized to HPO, NP, and ... using both DHNP and DHMP as the substrates and the reverse reaction (the formation of DHNP and DHMP) with HP and GA For the forward reaction, three concentrations each for DHNP and DHMP were used...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... various systems comprised 3899 and 4516 SPC molecules for the agonist and the antagonist in water, respectively, and 817 and 927 Me2SO molecules for the agonist and the antagonist, respectively, ... [82] and (B) sequence alignment of the Vb chain TCR(79–83), MBP(74–85) and MBP(95–103) P5 and P8 are prominent, solvent-exposed TCR contact residues of the MBP(86–105) peptide, and P4, P6 and ... and Glu82 [this is consistent with the observed long-range NOE cross-peak between the side chain of Arg78 (Hg) and Glu82 (Hc1) and the medium-range NOE between the side chains of Asp81 (Hb) and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... subdomains designated a, b and c, and that the protein has two sugar-binding sites in subdomains a and c [24,25] Therefore, determination of the sugar-binding ability and specificity for each of ... titration curves measured for the main chain and amide proton groups of Ile102, Ile104, Cys115, Trp117, Lys118 and Gly122, and the side chain nitrogen and amide proton group of Asn124 in the c sugarbinding ... amide and amide proton of Asp18, and side chain amide and amide proton (marked by ‘sc’) of Trp33 in EW29Ch during the titration of lactose (A, top), b-Me-Gal (A, bottom), melibiose (B, top) and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... acquisition, processing and analysis 2.8 Sedimentation velocity: data acquisition and analysis CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Expression and purification of DLC1-SAM 3.1.1 Expression and purification ... Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and type II diabetes Therefore, a deeper understanding of the folding and misfolding of proteins provides clues to understanding these diseases and helps to develop drugs ... biology works in our lab and the basics of chromatographic and biophysical methods Thanks to Dr Xu Yingqi, Dr Lin Zhi, Dr Zhang Xu and Zheng Yu for helping me with the theoretical and practical basics...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:04

... fees only), and Pfizer DN reported receiving speaking fees and honoraria for meetings and advisory boards supported by Astellas, Wyeth, Bayer, Pfizer, and Johnson and Johnson (J&J) MK and DN have ... the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis MK contributed to study concept and design, to analysis and interpretation of data and to drafting ... manuscript and critical revision for important intellectual content DN contributed to study concept and design, to analysis and interpretation of data and to drafting of the manuscript and critical...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:02

... target and novel visual stimuli in children of alcoholics Alcohol 1998; 15:119-36 92 Porjesz B And Begleiter H Human brain electrophysiology and alcoholism In: Tarter R and Thiel DV, Eds Alcohol and ... both active and passive P300 latency and age; in this same study, levels of active latency were associated with concentration ability, and passive latency with verbal proficiency and recall [72] ... 11:141-151 67 Polich J, Hoffman D P300 and handedness Psychophysiology 1988; 35:497-507 68 Hopper KD, Patel S, Cann TS, et al The relationship of age, gender, handedness, and sidedness to the size of the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:08

... software engineering as context, and then present and discuss eight case studies found in the literature 1.1 Software development; problems and remedies To develop and maintain software is often ... managers and developers about what they meant by knowledge management and got answers like manage, plan, deploy, collect and spread knowledge in an organisation, and it in a planned manner, and to ... information and information on tools and technology used, as well as product data such as change and error information and results on static analysis on delivered code was collected, and used to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33

... August, and abundantly so in September and October It is cm high (2 inches), the cap is 12 cm broad, and the stem 12 mm in thickness The =pileus= is first rounded, then convex and more or less expanded ... 12 cm broad and the stem 10 mm in thickness The =pileus= becomes convex, and expanded or nearly flat, and often with an elevation or umbo in the center It is thin, smooth, whitish and often tinged ... It is cylindrical in form, and even, quite firm and compact, though sometimes there is a central core where the threads are looser The stem is also white and fleshy, and is usually smooth =The...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (to L.W and S.E.), the 4928 Swedish Research Council (to H.E and P.N.) and the Swedish Cancer Foundation (to H.E and P.N.) The Structural Genomics ... domain is mainly built up by residues from the C-terminus and consists of a two-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet composed of b2 and b9 and an a-helix from the C-terminus (Fig 1A) The two subunits ... PRTFDC1 (A) monomer and (B) tetramer generated using symmetry-related molecules Interactions with GMP (C) GMP, phosphate and calcium ions are shown as sticks and spheres colored pink and black, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... ferredoxins, Fd1 and Fd2, from this bacterium are considered to serve as low-potential electron donors for this key reaction [8] POR is distributed among archaea, bacteria and anaerobic protozoa, and is ... are phylogenetically related and the heterotetrameric enzyme has been proposed to be the common ancestor that underwent gene rearrangement and fusion to generate homo- and heterodimeric ORs [9,13,15] ... [POR and 2-oxoglutarate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (OGOR; 2-oxoglutarate synthase, EC 1.2.7.3)] in H thermophilus and its close relatives [16,17]; in these organisms, the heteropentameric POR and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... relationship between moisture and temperature on skin and upper airway symptoms was investigated and showed that skin dryness and rashes, pharyngeal dryness, and nasal dryness and congestion are alleviated ... buildings and condominiums with damp problems could have their health affected by microbial contamination.35–37) On the other hand, physiological and psychological effects of low humidity and low ... the use of coal and other fuels for heating and cooking.52) Biological Pollutants Dander, mold, dust, and other organisms carried into by animals and people are biological air pollutants in buildings...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... D, H and Q, residue Y70 to W, residue Q81 to N and residue R105 to K and H The kinetic properties of the active site mutants are summarized in Table All mutants were characterized with dThd and ... residues: Y70 and Q81 Y70W showed an increase in Km values for both dThd and dCyd, of approximately 200- and 100-fold, respectively The kcat values decreased by approximately fivefold with dThd and twofold ... R-factor and Rfree were 23.2 and 24.2%, respectively (Table 3) Most of the protein could be found in the electron-density map, with the exception of residues 1–11 and 210–230 The loop connecting a9 and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... periplasmic or extracellular enzyme known to cleave both RNA and DNA at unspecific internal (endo) sites It also cleaves plasmids and single- stranded DNA [5] The enzyme cleaves at the 3¢ side of the ... theoretical pI was 9.61 for VsEndA and 8.62 for VcEndA Expression and purification From L Escherichia coli culture, a total of 24 and 50 mg pure recombinant VsEndA and VcEndA proteins, respectively, ... (St Louis, MO, USA) Phusion DNA polymerase from Finnzymes (Espoo, Finland) and Vent and Taq Endonuclease I from V salmonicida and V cholerae Table List of PCR primers Restriction sites are underlined...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20