signaling from fibroblast growth factor receptors in development and disease

... neurotrophic factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IL-1β, interleukin-1beta; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NGF, nerve growth ... that signaling from p75NTR in combination with TNFα is necessary to induce iNOS expression On the other hand, our previous work illustrated the importance of TrkA-associated signaling in mediating ... forebrain cholinergic neurons [57] and direct TNFα administration in the brain of mice results in an impairment of basal forebrain cholinergic function [58] However, whether induction of iNOS and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... very-KIND-MAP2 interaction v-KIND KIND2 KIND2-1 KIND2-2 KIND2-3 KIND2-4 KIND2-5 A 620 521 555 488 589 EGFP EGFP-KIND2-1 EGFP-KIND2-2 EGFP-KIND2-3 EGFP-KIND2-4 EGFP-KIND2-5 EGFP-KIND2 EGFP-KIND1 ... controlling dendrite growth and branching Results The KIND2 domain of v-KIND has a unique ability to localize to dendrites via MAP2 binding, which is absent in the KINDs from other KIND-containing ... deletion of RasGEF; KIND1, KIND1 domain; KIND2, KIND2 domain (B) KIND2 domain anchors v-KIND to dendrites Flag-tagged v-KIND, DKIND1, DKIND2, DKIND1 + 2, DRasN, DGEF, KIND1 or KIND2 together with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... target proteins in vivo The attachment of SUMO may result in diverse effects on the substrate protein, including cellular and subnuclear localization [20,21], changes in stability [22] and transcriptional ... by inserting the corresponding fragments into pcDNA-Tag3A (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) cleaved with EcoRI and HindIII The BsrGI-BamHI fragment from pEGFP-LRH1-K213 ⁄ 289R was inserted into ... synthesized in vitro and incubated with recombinant SUMO-1 protein, E1 (SAE1 ⁄ SAE2) and E2 (UBC9) enzymes Upon separation of the reaction products by SDS ⁄ PAGE, a slowermigrating band at approximately...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... pathology in Gsn-L mice, only the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of Gsn-H mice was determined Significant reductions in brain levels of early cytokines, including IL-1b and ... serially collected in PBS and finally stored in cryoprotectant solution at -30°C Some of the brain sections were mounted on lysine-coated slides and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Quantitative ... PBS for 20 and were developed by incubating in 0.025% diamino-benzidine (DAB; Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.002% H2O2 in PBS The DAB reaction was halted using PBS, followed by three 10-min PBS rinses Quantification...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... 3A) and a reversible inhibition of both ERK (Figure 3B and C) and mTOR signaling (Figure 3D–H) Hence, resveratrol dose- and time-dependently activates AMPK and inhibits ERK and mTOR signaling in ... phosphorylation of ERK and eIF4E in TG cultures (Figure 5) These findings indicate that resveratrol blocks IL6-induced signaling in sensory neurons Figure Resveratrol blocks IL-6 induced signaling in sensory ... potently and efficaciously inhibits ERK and mTOR signaling in sensory neurons in vitro The mTOR [39-42] and ERK pathways [43] have been linked to pathology in multiple preclinical pain models and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... housekeeping gene β actin and expressed as fold change of gene expression in the injured explants from paired uninjured controls Diamonds indicate samples from preserved areas from joints affected ... staining for FRZB protein (red) in (c) uninjured and (d) injured explants at the day time point Haematoxylin was used as a nuclear counterstain (e,f) Larger magnifications of the boxed areas in ... immunohistochemistry (h) Haematoxylin-eosin and (i) safranin O stainings of an explant with a relatively high degree of osteoarthritis (modified Mankin score 5) (j-m) Immunostaining for β catenin in parallel, non-consecutive...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... useful model for understanding endostatin effects on cells Figure 164 only stained cells revealed binding of the APmESXVIII) affinity PC12 (c) staining of (a, d) proliferating and mVEGF (b) differentiated ... Results in BioMedicine 2006, 5:8 http://www.jnrbm.com/content/5/1/8 lines, PC12 and CPAE cells were incubated with AP fusion proteins The AP-mVEGF164 affinity probe strongly stained proliferating and ... shown to express VEGF receptors 1, and neuropilin-1, only a minor neuroprotective effect was observed for VEGF when compared to NGF saline (TBS) for min, and incubated in blocking buffer (TBS with...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:20

... of insulin and wingless signaling pathways in Drosophila S2 cells Figure Activation of insulin and wingless signaling pathways in Drosophila S2 cells (a) Schematic representation of the insulin ... upon activation of the insulin and wingless pathways in S2 cells Binding of insulin-like peptides to the insulin receptor in Drosophila cells leads to the activation of dPI3 kinase, which Genome ... of uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and more than 100 additional proteins [21,22] Splicing regulatory factors, including members of the Serine and Arginine-rich (SR) and heterogeneous...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... weak stained fiber for NGF was initiated in the olfactory bulb in the forebrain at E21 It appears to be differentiated during the growth of the developing nervous system in gerbils NGF-IR increased ... 283-295 Becker E Development and survival responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin and neurotrophin 4/5, but not to nerve growth factor, in cultured motor neurons from chick ... antibodies in the formation of the neuronal and glial pathways Different neurotrophic factors and proteins affected neurons and glia during developmental In the former study regarding the distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... of pyridoxine injection On the fourth day of pyridoxine injection, all dogs held their hindlimb stiffly when standing These conditions were maintained until the end of the pyridoxine injection ... neurons from degeneration, we used a model of pyridoxine intoxication in dogs In high doses, pyridoxine causes a selective degeneration of large and small myelinated sensory axons in the central and ... brain Brain Res Rev 1998, 27, 1-39 12 Hoover DM, Carlton WW The subacute neurotoxicity of excess pyridoxine HCl and clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8hydroxyquinoline) in beagle dogs I Clinical disease...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 23:22

... proteins to body morphogenetic proteins Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005, 16: 249-250 Lories RJU, Luyten FP: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in joint homeostasis and disease Cytokine Growth Factor ... Reddi R-Smads and the C-Smad have a highly conserved Mad homology domains (MH in the amino terminus and MH in the carboxy terminus) References Binding of the TGF-β isoforms to the TGF-β receptors ... transforming growth factor- beta signaling in cartilage of old mice: role in impaired repair capacity Arthritis Res Ther 2005, 7:R1338-R1347 β ten Dijike P, Hill CS: New insights into TGF-β–Smad signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... four neurotrophins (nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4) and their corresponding receptors (high-affinity receptors tyrosine kinase (trk)A, ... four receptors as determined in the SF cells are depicted in Table and outlined in detail by scatter plots in Figure (ligands) and Figure (receptors) As for the transcripts encoding the ligands, ... Bonini S, Vigneti E, Aloe L: Nerve growth factor release by human synovial fibroblasts prior to and following exposure to tumor necrosis factor- alpha, interleukin-1 beta and cholecystokinin-8:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:21

... were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde/phosphate-buffered saline and processed into paraffin wax Five-micron sections from the tissue blocks were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and the ... obtained following surgery for LBP This enabled us to investigate any differences in gene and protein expression between degenerate NP obtained from individuals who were asymptomatic and those individuals ... Hayashi K, Kohno M: Tumor necrosis factor is markedly synergistic with interleukin and interferon-gamma in stimulating the production of nerve growth factor in fibroblasts FEBS Lett 1994, 340:177-180...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... ng/mL) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) (1 ng/mL) Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation Nerve growth factor (NGF), TrkA, and p75 data of unstimulated FLSs were compared with NGF, TrkA, and ... cartilage and underlying cortical bone [4] We noticed that proinflammatory cytokines upregulate NGF/TrkA in FLSs, NGF/TrkA is upregulated in FLSs of in ammatory arthritis (Table 1), and NGF is ... Nerve growth factor and receptor expression in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis Arthritis Res Ther 2009, 11:R82 Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK: The regulatory role of nerve growth factor...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:21

... FGF signaling (Figure 1) Candidate growth factors in lung development Those growth factors that have been studied most intensively in lung development include Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast ... (SMO) and the induction of the Hedgehog interacting protein (Hip) Growth factor signal interactions and morphogenesis Peptide growth factors in the embryonic lung are expressed in repeating patterns ... other signaling pathways Developmental modulation of growth factor signaling by adapter proteins The substrates of growth factor receptor kinases are often adapter-proteins, which have no intrinsic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... place in the order of minutes to hours and involves many hormones, including arginine vasopressin, angiotensin II, natriuretic peptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide, urotensin II, insulin and ... (within h) induced by hyperosmotic stress, indicating a role of this mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase kinase interacting protein for osmosensory signal transduction in fish 14-3-3 proteins ... mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase interacting protein (TAK binding protein ¼ TAB 2), as an IEG during hyperosmotic stress in tilapia gill epithelium [26] This gene is transiently and very rapidly...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... Thus, integrin-dependent cell volume sensing and signaling integrates into the overall context of insulin signaling Similarly, sensing of glutamine-induced hepatocyte swelling by integrins feeds into ... Osmosensing and signaling in mammalian cell function F Schliess et al [7] On the other hand, hyperosmotic shrinkage prevents insulin-induced hepatocyte swelling and proteolysis inhibition, indicating ... swelling [13], indicating that inhibition of osmosensing at the integrin level uncouples hepatocyte swelling from osmosignaling and its functional consequences Like hypoosmotic hepatocyte swelling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... SO (1993) ADP- and thapsigargin-evoked Ca2+ entry and protein-tyrosine phosphorylation are inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate in fura-2-loaded ... where thrombin is generated in situ We find that (autocrine) ADP, acting via P2Y12, enhances and extends the thrombin-induced platelet activation by increasing Ca2+ mobilization from internal stores, ... Thrombin, fibrin and platelets, a resonance loop in which von Willebrand factor is a necessary link Thromb Haemost 78, 590–594 Cattaneo M & Gachet C (1999) ADP receptors and clinical bleeding disorders...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... data are in line with previous observations indicating that physiological activators of the p38 and PtdIns 3-kinase pathways including thrombin, dexamethasone, angiotensin II and prostaglandins stimulate ... to F-actin ratio, suggesting that RhoA/actin-independent signaling mechanisms are involved in anisomycin-induced CTGF/ CCN2 expression CTGF /CCN2 gene regulation through MAP kinase signaling Because ... barbed-end actin and determine the level and distribution of F-actin [34] Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that interactions between monomeric G-actin and actin-binding proteins are a potential...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20