senses watch the use of sensory data collected by concerned citizens
Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 15 (end) docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... 11, observe that the measurement of the mobility patterns of large groups of people through the analysis of the ‘spatiotemporal signature’ of their mobile phone is limited by the spatiotemporal ... fundamentally, the underlying data model can also affect the availability and quality of tracking data How the data model can constrain data collection can be illustrated by the fact that tracks of mobile ... the structure of the traffic network than about the behaviour of the drivers The other major issue that may possibly cause problems is scale There are two key aspects to be considered here: the...
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ĐỀ TÀI " Historical and Future Trends in Aircraft Performance, Cost, and Emissions " pptx
Ngày tải lên :
28/06/2014, 02:20
... indicating the significant growth of the industry over the past 30 years The rapid increase in DOC+I in the late 1980’s was largely stimulated by the deregulation and the introduction of new families of ... in CO2 atmospheric concentration causes a warming of the troposphere and a cooling of the stratosphere Thus, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 is one of the most important factors in climate ... (H2SO4) from the sulfur in the aviation fuel These particles then contribute to the seeding of contrails and cirrus clouds, potentially altering the total cloud cover in the upper troposphere The sulfate...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 1 potx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... GIS user and user interface, denoted by U; the location of the data being accessed by the user denoted by D; the location of data processing, denoted by P; and, finally, the area that is the ... model of the wildlife biology of cougars (GIScience) that uses the data and tools of the GISystem The mutual dependence of GI Systems and Science has been argued many times, most notably by Longley ... according to the model rules The result of the first iteration defines the current state of the fire (t + 1), which becomes the input into the © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The Changing...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 2 docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... individuals The type and value of information and the nature of its provision should be considered in terms of ethics (these issues are further addressed in this book’s next chapter) Furthermore, ... technologies The second includes the Global Positioning System (GPS) The third includes wireless Assisted-GPS (A-GPS) and combines the positioning function of mobile terminals with functions of the network ... of spatial analysis and decision support Early applications of GIS in these fields were limited and simple, however, mobile GIS changes the application pattern of GIS so that users can free themselves...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 3 doc
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... limitations and may provide an indication of the user’s location (either by inferring location from knowledge of the data sets of interest to the user or by positioning using a client’s mobile IP ... the IETF approach, where users attach privacy policies to their data, the focus of P3P is to enable service providers to publish their data practices The data practices may include for what uses ... location-aware systems, location data is treated as the property of the person to whom that data refers PDRM then aims to enable that person to ‘license’ the personal data for use by a location based service...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 5 docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... ({a1, a2, }), and the rules ({r1, r2, …}) Furthermore, from the data structure the direction and velocity of the process may be derived Each of these aspects of the state of the process can be ... Time The nen data model allows us to visualise and analyse the dynamics of the processes in the model, facilitating the validation of the definitions, in rules of mathematical formulas, of the ... displayed, with the x-axis defining the temporal extent and the y-axis a set of discrete rules The interaction of processes is indicated by spatial coincidence of some part of the nen data model representing...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 7 doc
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... category of constraints is the check as to whether the island boundary has the parcel at the correct side Another constraint is whether the first coordinate of the island boundary lies within the ... contains the model together with the constraints Cockcoft (2004) concluded that the constraints should be part of the object class definition, similar to other aspects of the definition The repository ... related to data quality (Hunter, 1996) and the source of errors (Collins and Smith, 1994) such as during data collection, data input, data storage, data manipulation, data output and the use of results...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 9 potx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... features; ease of integrating other datasets thereby adding value to the geometry of features by taking advantage of unique TOID referencing With the large-scale use and application of mobile devices ... refining the technique through the use of additional constraints and also the analysis of the extent to which the predefined road classifications in the OSCAR® dataset are affected during the schematisation ... tourist maps Also, by enabling different levels of scale for the schematic, the global properties of the route can be conveyed to the user Factors, auch as optimal aspect ratio of the resulting image...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 10 pot
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... contribution the updated position is determined by the orthogonal projection of the GPS position on the assigned road element The updated orientation equals the orientation of the road element Another ... (2002), for example The map database used by the authors is off -the- shelf and frequently used in today's navigation systems Errors of up to 40 metres with respect to ground truth data have been encountered ... standard deviation of the position This decision is not justified because of the often large orientation deviations of the road elements in the map compared to ground truth © 2007 by Taylor & Francis...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 11 pps
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... several factors: the density of base stations that an operator has in an area, the power of their transmitters, the height over the ground of the transmitters and the obstacles around the base station ... signalling the inherent essence of the mobile phone versus the fixed telephone; the mobile phone identifies and communicates the person who uses it, while the fixed telephone line connects the household ... upon the ability of the system to report reliable and accurate locations of users, providing the rationale of the work reported in this chapter 11.3.3 New location uses and requirements The automatic...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 13 docx
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12/08/2014, 04:22
... to promote the use of citizen -collected data through their senses while monitoring the state of the environment, including the information used in environmental complaints (see Senses@ Watch Project, ... sensory data collected by concerned citizens The project Senses@ Watch illustrates some components of the ‘back-end’ information infrastructure required to support the collection and use of environmental ... since data collection points vary with time Nevertheless, the use of mobile nodes allows the increase of the number of data collection points The spatial coverage of each node may be represented by...
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Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating Changes in Space and Time - Chapter 14 pot
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:22
... assess the interestingness of found patterns The plots compare the number of found patterns in the observation data (obs) with the number found in the simulated (sim) The x axis represents the extent ... Science because of the special properties of geographic data Hence, they propose the development of specific Geographic Knowledge Discovery (GKD) and geographic data mining approaches The latter ... lifeline data consist of a set of point objects each featuring a list of fixes, tuples of (x,y,z,t) The approach focuses on the basic knowledge discovery steps data reduction and projection’ and ‘data...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "AN INTERNATIONAL DELPHI POLL ON FUTURE TRENDS IN "INFORMATION LINGUISTICS"" doc
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 19:21
... 80.2 The values in the second round are in general higher than in the first one This is an argument against the oft cited Delphi hypothesis that the feedback-mechanism - i.e that the data of the ... been added 543 ogether, ~ave oeen and the values averaged Exact from the single year-datawere lated from the answers on the 6-point rating cf Tab.10 In order to show the Delphi the data in Tab 13 ... at the start of the following round - h a s an averaging effect The increase-effect can probably be explained by the fact that the percentage of qualified and "cometent" people was higher in the...
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Biogas technology dissemination in Ghana: history, current status, future prospects, and policy significance
Ngày tải lên :
05/09/2013, 16:10
... pertains to the safety of the effluent discharged into the public drain There is the need to conduct a comprehensive analysis of samples of the effluent in order to determine the efficiency of the digestion ... keeps track of developments in the industry All the aforementioned challenges affected the smooth gathering of data and information; nonetheless, the depth of data gathered was enough to make generalizations ... obstructing the flow of gas into the gasholder The gas is then forced to escape into the atmosphere via the inlet and outlet pipes of the digester Figure 10 gives an idea about the composition of feeding...
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Current Issues and Future Direction in Kidney Transplantation Edited by Thomas Rath potx
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 19:20
... in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source ... evidence and/or a divergence of opinion about the usefulness/ efficacy of performing the procedure/therapy IIa Weight of evidence/opinion is in favor of usefulness/efficacy IIb Usefulness/efficacy is ... expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the...
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Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives pot
Ngày tải lên :
16/03/2014, 22:20
... so that an ERA [of the production of the PAS] is also included in the approval” [56] If so, a production ERA of the PASs and of the finished medicines would also become part of the PERA However, ... system for the ERA of “old” PAS already on the market But even beyond the formal requirements for PERAs in the context of registration, PAS in the environment (PIE) may be the subject of other legislation ... applications by third parties for PAS already on the market) • If the application may lead to increased use but the estimated concentration of the AS at the point of entry into the environment...
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Surviving the Economic Crisis : Current and Future Trends pdf
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 14:20
... around the world look at the election of President Obama, as a great moment of positive change However, the 44th President of the USA, entered the White House, amidst the beginning of the worse ... crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930’s There are fundamental differences between the crash of 1929, and the crash of 2009 People own more, expect more, and the economies of the World are ... today, because of the lack of domestic property loans The effects of this massive failure of the German New deal is seen today, high unemployment became "hidden unemployment" With the Government...
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CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTION IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION ppt
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 21:20
... in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source ... evidence and/or a divergence of opinion about the usefulness/ efficacy of performing the procedure/therapy IIa Weight of evidence/opinion is in favor of usefulness/efficacy IIb Usefulness/efficacy is ... expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the...
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