semantic representation of negation using focus detection

... se- mantic representation of the affirmative counterpart after applying the pseudo-relation NOT over the fo- cus of the negation. This fact justifies and motivates the detection of the focus of negation. 4.2 ... representing the se- mantics of negation by revealing implicit positive meaning. The main contributions are: (1) interpre- tation of negation using focus detection; (2) focus of negation annotation over ... novel way to semantically represent negation using focus detection. Implicit positive meaning is identified, giving a thorough in- terpretation of negated statements. Due to the lack of corpora...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... : ¯x new i =  x i x i exp  βx i  j w ij ¯x old j   x i exp  βx i  j w ij ¯x old j  . (7) 4 Extraction of Semantic Orientation of Words with Spin Model We use the spin model to extract semantic orienta- tions of words. Each spin has a direction taking one of two values: up or ... proposed a method for ex- tracting semantic orientations of words with boot- strapping. The semantic orientation of a word is determined on the basis of its gloss, if any of their 52 hand-crafted rules ... Analysis We investigated a number of errors and concluded that there were mainly three types of errors. One is the ambiguity of word senses. For exam- ple, one of the glosses of “costly”is “entailing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... for identifying the scope of negation (2009a). Results of the negation scope finding sys- tem with predicted cues are reported as F1-scores (computed on scope tokens) of 84.20, 70.94, and 82.60 ... children (starting from the root of the subtree) to the rule pattern subtree. Nodes of type *scope* and * match any number of nodes, similar to the semantics of Regex Kleene star (*). 5 Results As ... Abstracts 14565 1273 11.44 Table 1: Statistics of the BioScope corpus. Document sizes represent number of sentences. Corpus Type Negation Cues Speculation Cues Negation Speculation Clinical 872 1137...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... conditions, and again using all of the joining terms produced the best results. The SVM algorithm produced the best accuracy of all, achieving 50.1% accuracy using the com- bined set of joining terms. ... on the task of map- ping from a vector of web frequencies of para- phrases containing joining terms to semantic rela- tions. Secondly, we wanted to discover whether the frequency of joining terms ... accuracy of 45.7%, where we achieve a maximum accuracy of 38.1% on this dataset using a nearest neighbor algorithm. However, their tech- nique uses the cosine of the angle between the vec- tors of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Evaluation Data For semantic type detection, we use 7 binary relations from the training set of the SemEval-2007 competition, all definitions of which share the re- quirement of the syntactic closeness of the ... presence of a general semantic category of one argument will re- quire a more specific semantic category for the other. Generalization per argument is, on the one hand, useful because none of the ... compared to the other relation types while using our approach. Table 2 contains some examples of the semantic types we found for each relation. Some of them are quite specific (e.g., Origin-Entity),...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... structured representation of semantic knowledge (e.g. word-senses) has been defined at the IBM Scientific Center of Roma, as part of a project on Italian Text Understanding. This representation, ... (as for example the opposite of eal); in most cases however conditions are more general. AN OVHIVIEW OF TIlE SYSTEM. This paper focused on semantic knowledge representation issues, lIowever, ... study of examples found in the analyzed domain. The final set is a trade-off between two competing requirements: 2. A large number of conceptual relations improves the expressiveness of the representation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... Introduction Part -of- speech (POS) tagging has been one of the fundamental areas of research in natural language processing for many years. Most of the prior re- search has focussed on the task of labeling ... over all classes of word, and knowl- edge of the position of a word in an on- tological hierarchy increased accuracy for words not seen in the training data. The resulting tagger offers the highest ... the task of word sense disambiguation (WSD), the process of de- ciding in which semantic sense the word is being used, has been actively researched. This paper ad- dresses a combination of these...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... label of the cluster with the largest number of pattern instances in the corpus. One advantage of this method is that we get as a by-product a set of labeled pattern clusters. Ex- amination of this ... Linguistics Classification of Semantic Relationships between Nominals Using Pattern Clusters Dmitry Davidov ICNC Hebrew University of Jerusalem dmitry@alice.nc.huji.ac.il Ari Rappoport Institute of Computer ... field of activity, of both practical and theoretical interest. A prominent type of semantic relationships is that holding between nominals 1 . For example, in noun compounds many different semantic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... the results of a preliminary experiment on the detection of semantic vari- ants of terms in a French technical document. The general goal of our work is to help the struc- turation of terminologies. ... capacity of the line) cofit d'investissement de la ligne (cost of investissement of the line) d6clenchement de la ligne 9 (tripping of the line) E longueur de la ligne (size of the ... of the filtering step in regard to the coverage of our corpus by the dictionary. 2.3 Second step: Detection of synonymous candidate terms Assuming that the semantics and the synonymy of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... overall Sciborg workflow, standoff annotation is used to store the different sets of annota- tions. For the purposes of this paper, however, we make use of the inline output of Oscar, which is SciXML ... new DFA instance for each DFA, and for each representation of the token, clone the DFA instance. If it does not accept the digit-sequence representation of the token, throw it away. If it is in ... parsing. Hence there is no analysis of the text above the level of the term, with the exception of acronym matching, which is dealt with below, and some treatment of the boldface chemical compound...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... notion of focus spaces and vistas in a semantic net representation for the similar purpose of representing the different perspectives of nodes in the semantic net that come into focus and ... Barbara (1977). The Representation and Use of Focus in a System for Understanding Dialogs. In Proceedings of IJCAI 5. Grosz, Barbara and Candace Sidner (1985) The Structures of Discourse Structure ... collapsing of referential equivalence classes (Discourse Markers, DE's of Janus) with referents or surrogates in some representation of the reference world, and it is by virtue of this mapping...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... March 1985. 199 The detection and representation of ambiguities of intension and description Brenda Fawcett and Graeme Hirst Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto, ... order: the intensionality of the descrip- tor, the time of reference of the descriptor, and the agents of the descriptor. We must establish the "level" of each factor in the target ... past application of the descrip- tor. The following example shows the representations of the first four readings of (8) (i.e., those with the description applied at the time of the utterance),...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... concentration of the protein than other metallic nanoparticle systems [38,39]. Size-selective detection of SOD1 in the presence of its aggregate For the molecular size-selective detection of a protein formulation, ... diagnostics. Optimization of heterolihanded gold nanoisland for the high sensitivity For the sensitive detection of a protein, the thickness of the gold nanoisland and the ratio of the two ligand motifs ... The surface property of these different ratios of heteroligands was supported by water contact angle measurements. In the case of a greater ratio of DT, the hydrophobicity of the surface increases...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... side-oxidations. Using enzyme-labeled detection probes, Kilic et al. (2012) reported detection for miR-21 with a detection limit of 1 μM. Gao and Peng (2011) achieved a detection limit of 10 fM. Allosteric ... al. (2003), with a detection limit of 44 amol in a volume of 4 μL, i.e. 11 pM. Yin et al. (2012) have shown a detection limit of 60 fM for miR-21 with gold NPs bearing HRP. Using a Contents lists ... concentration of 1 0 −10 M; the limit of detection (LOD) is estimated around 8 fM (see Section 2). The linear part of the calibrati on curve corre sponds to an ex tr emel y high sensitivity of +7.5%...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 14:14

... (normalized cDNA peak heights of targeted vs. non-targeted allele of rs1800222) 72 hours post-transfection with three dif- ferent concentrations of siRNA3. Colours of bars indicate the SNP used ... severity of this disease. The principle of allele specific silencing of Collagen type I genes has been explored previously by Millington-Ward (14) who reported allele-preferential silencing of COL1A1 ... silencing of the Collagen 1 alpha genes, can be tested in clinical trials. The efficiency and specificity of RNA interference using siRNAs is heavily dependent on the base composition of target...

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