seasonal variation in solar radiation

... average rainfall during the study period. Graph showing the variation in the monthly average morning relative humidity during the study periodFigure 3 Graph showing the variation in the monthly ... of energy intake, physical activity and season. Br J Nutr 2005, 93(2):199-203. Graph showing the variation in the monthly average rainfall during the study periodFigure 4 Graph showing the variation in ... preeclampsia in the dry and wet seasons that occur in Zimbabwe [12]. All these studies have assessed if there was a seasonal variation in the incidence of preec- lampsia. Interestingly Phillips et al, in...

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... Schimmel Typesetting: LE-TeX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin Binding: Stein +Lehmann, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 32/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 Solar Radiation in ... book. The following main types ofradiation(andtheir energy) are distinguished in radiation transferring thr oughout the atmosphere: direct radiation (radiation coming to the point immediately ... within different spectral ranges. As is seen from above, it is possible to divide all radiation int o solar and self (heat) radiation. In this book, we are considering only solar radiation in...

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... are taking into account that the enhancing of emitted energy within the elementary volume could occur also owing to the scattering of external radiation coming to the 28 Solar Radiation in the ... within the radiation field. In general case both the extinction and the enhancing of energy of radiation passing through this volume are taking place (Fig. 1.6). Let I be the radiance incoming ... condition accepted in Sect. 1.1 we are considering solar radiation incoming to the plane atmosphere top as an incident solar parallel flux F 0 from direction (ϑ 0 , ϕ 0 ). Then, deducing the intensity...

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... main partofthesolardownwellingirradianceinaclearsky.Thepitchinfluenceon the accounting of direct radiation in the measured irradiance was obviously owing to the deviation of the angle of the solar ... We are neglecting the radiation scattering in the optically thin clear atmosphere between the cloud layers and in the underlying clear layer and assuming that the lower layer adjoins the ground surface ... approach was elaborated in a study (Melnikova and Minin 1977) for computing the downwelling and upwelling solar irradiances in the vertically heterogeneous medium consisting of two optically thick...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... irradiance: solar radiation decreases owing to the radiation extinction in the atmosphere. For the upwelling irradiancethis effect pointstothe predominanceofscattering processes over absorption processes in ... indicates the decreasing of both upwelling and downwelling irradiances with the increasing of the atmospheric pressure in all cases. This behavior is evident for the downwelling irradiance: solar ... experiment planning and data processing was the minimization of the random uncertainty of the results and correction of the systematic uncertainty during instrument calibration. Increasing the measurement...

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... Isakov VYu (1990) Radiation – hydrooptics experiments in lakes. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian) Kondratyev KYa, Binenko VI, Melnikova IN (1996) Cloudiness absorption of solar radiation in visual spectral ... spectrometer for inves- tigation of short-wav e radiation field in the atmosphere. In: Pr oblems o f Atmospheric Physics. 6:Leningrad University Press, Leningrad, pp 175–181 (in Russian) Minin IN (1988) ... exists and it is mostly evinced in the shortwave spectral region. The main result of the study by Minnet (1999) is the following: solar zenith angle is critical in determining whether clouds heat...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... irradiance uncertainties obtained at the second stage of the processing of the sounding results in Sect. 3.3. The uncertainties of the retrieved parameters, while solving the inverse problem in the case ... because the solar irradiances have been corrected with the incident solar spectrum taking into account the instrumental function, while processing the sounding data. Thus, computing with (5.4) ... Moscow (in Russian) Gorelik AL, Skripkin VA (1989) Methods of recognition. High School, Moscow (in Russian) Ilyin VA, Pozdnyak EG (1978) Linear algebra. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian) Kalinkin NN (1978)...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... while taking into account the absorption of solar radiation and provide the data processing independently at every wavelength. 6.1.3 Problem Solution in the Case of Observations of Solar Radiation ... = K 0 (µ)+A|(1 − A). In the case of using the solar irradiance observations, value A could be inferred by dividing the upwelling irradiance by t he downwelling one at the bottom of the cloud. In the case ... Publishing, Hampton, Virginia Marchuk GI, Mikhailov GA, Nazaraliev NA et al. (1980) The Monte-Carlo method in the atmosphere optics. Springer-Verlag, N ew York Minin IN (1988)The theory of radiation...

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... transmitted solar radiation. J Atmos Sci 57:623–630 Minin IN (1988) The theory of the radiation transfer in the planets atmospheres. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian) Minin IN, Tarabukhina IM (1990) To studying ... calculation of solar irra- diances in vert ical inhomogeneous scattering layers. Intern Symp “Geokosmos”, June, St.Petersburg (in Russian) Melnikov a IN, Domnin PI (1997) Determination of optical ... (Bilingual) Melnikova IN, Minin IN (1977) To the transfer theory of monochromatic radiation in cloud layers. Izv Acad Sci USSR Atmosphere and Ocean Physics 13:254–263 (Bilingual) Melnikova IN, ...

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... determined by the different sizes of the substituents. In the case of TpT, intramolecular stack- ing of thymine residues brings the two C(5)¼C(6) bonds in close proximity, thereby increasing the ... model assuming a single Mg 2+ - binding site involved in the screening of negative phosphate charges: ox k Mg ¼ ox k þ Df½Mg 2þ ÂK scr =ð1 þ½Mg 2þ ÂK scr Þg ð2Þ where K scr is a screening constant, ... depending on their location. It was thus of interest to determine screening isotherms for variously positioned thymine residues, analogous to those obtained for the nucleotides in the preceding...

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