role of ros caspase mitochondria camp and map kinase signaling pathway

... Figure 1-1 An overview of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and cirrhosis (Diagram adapted from Ref.16.) 1.1.4.2 Fibrosis and cirrhosis An overview of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and cirrhosis is shown ... accessible store of iron The ferritin consists of an outer protein coat (apoferritin) and an inner core that can store up to 4,500 atoms of Fe(III) Apoferritin consists of 24 subunits of species, ... restoration of ΔΨm was observed after treatment of μg/ml of oligomycin for 24 h, 145 Figure 8-14 Ectopic expression of HDMCP and UCP2 in 293T cells results in dissipation of ΔΨm and a significant...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:55

... number of peptides of which partial amino acid sequences were determined Proteins 2, 20 and 28 were further confirmed by amino acid sequencing via nanoelectrospray ionization and quadrupole time -of- flight ... ACF7, neural isoform 2, is a member of the dystonin subfamily and the beta-spectrin superfamily Fig Preparation of an anti-ISP36 serum (A) Expression of human His6-ISP36 in E coli and its purification ... NaCl Animals Animal care, housing and killing were in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan for the use of laboratory animals Cell fractionation...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... allows rapid identification of protein–protein interactions, we focused on the yeast G-protein signaling pathway The yeast G-protein signaling pathway is a well characterized pathway that is activated ... ZK35A and ZI31A, plasmids pUMZ-K35A and pUMZ-I31A were constructed using primers 19 and 20 and primers 21 and 22, respectively The fragment encoding PGK5¢, the Zmem genes (wild-type, K35A and I31A) ... contact of Gb with its effectors and thus inhibited G-protein signaling [3] These assays can be undertaken at 30 °C and are therefore suitable for rapid yeast growth, unlike the SRS and RRS methods,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... and CRP-related LIM proteins participate in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton architecture [13] Understanding the mechanism of actin filament stabilization and bundling triggered by hhLIM and ... properties of hhLIM and determine the precise actin-binding sites of hhLIM Our results show that hhLIM binds to filamentous (F) actin and the second LIM domain of hhLIM plays a central role in this ... deletion of one of the two LIM domains negatively impacted both activities and resulted in the formation of thinner and wavier cables [13] Zyxin-related protein 1, which belongs to a family of LIM-containing...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... stimulation of the cAMP pathway by thyrotropin (1 mUÆmL)1) and forskolin (10)5 M), the tyrosine kinase/ MAPK pathway by EGF (25 ngÆmL)1) and HGF (50 ngÆmL)1) and the phorbol ester/PKC pathway by ... represents one of the three thyroid mitogenic pathways along with the epidermal growth factor/ras/MAPK and phorbol esters/phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathways The thyrotropin signaling cascade ... proliferation and expression of differentiation characteristics and to stimulate function, including the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones The mitogenic pathways elicited by EGF and phorbol...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... Brain Fig Alignment of the amino acid sequences of mammalian claudin-like protein of 24 kDa (CLP24) orthologues Alignment of the amino acid sequences of human CLP24 with rat, mouse and chicken orthologues, ... (CLP24-EGFP) Transfection and translation of this plasmid construct was used to monitor the subcellular location of CLP24 in a number of cell lines, including MDCK and HMEC-1 Analysis of stably transfected ... additional insight into the functional role of CLP24, and a clearer understanding of its therapeutic potential, will be provided by further characterization of CLP24 in pathologies including cardiovascular...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 14:20

... process combining several levels of regulation Signaling pathways, such as cAMP and insulin signaling pathways, as well as key transcription factors, such as PPARg, C/EBPb and Krüppellike transcription ... bars represent mean ± standard error of the mean (N = 3) *P < 0.05 (c) Expression of adipogenesis-induced genes (CEBPb, PPARg and FABP4) by qPCR The level of expression of each gene in control ... nucleotide of miR-30a and miR-30d (underlined) (b) Schematic representation of the construct used in the luciferase assay: a 300-bp (reporter 1) and 319-bp (reporter 2) region of the 3’ UTR of human...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF BIG3 IN THE REGULATED SECRETORY PATHWAY LI HONGYU B.Sc FUDAN UNIVERSITY A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ... List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Chapter Introduction 1.1 General Secretory Pathway 1.1.1 ER, the entry station of secretory pathway 1.1.2 Golgi, the sorting station of secretory pathway ... large amount of storage, and induced release of contents This regulated secretory pathway allows the fine control of cellular hormone production and secretion to meet the body’s demand Although...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:15

... types of protein kinases, but the tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases are distinguished by specific signature motifs34 The constitution of major serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases ... Figure 1.1 Major members of the serine/threonine kinase family and tyrosine kinase family (adapted from Hanks S.K, et al.34) In addition to serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases, there are ... discovered kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of hydroxyamino acids All of the known protein kinases including tyrosine kinases share a related catalytic domain of about 260 amino acids and are...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 21:10

... aggregates of proteins and polysaccharides, and may play important roles in formation of the phases and ⁄ or morphologies of the crystals because they consist of acidic glycoproteins and may construct ... fusions of GST with recombinant proteins of OMM-64 (rOMM-64) were produced and applied to a 45Ca overlay assay (Fig 3) Of these recombinant Fig 45Ca overlay analysis of fusions of GST and recombinant ... expressed in the early stages of development of the inner ear (48 hpf) and is involved in the seeding and ⁄ or nucleation of the sagitta and lapillus [23] On the other hand, omm-64 may be expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... information for Materials and methods; details of the construction of strains and plasmids are given 3094 Table S1 List of oligonucleotides for construction of plasmids and yeast strains This supplementary ... screening of target cells expressing ZI31A and Fc as a transient interacting protein pair Previous system consisting of BFG2Z18-I31A and excess BFG2118 Amplification system consisting of FG1 and excess ... number of diploid cells generated in an equivalent volume of mL of cell suspension, with D600 nm set at 1.0 Materials and methods Screening of target cells from model libraries Strains and media...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... P336 and Y338 of ClfA One of the objectives of this study was to determine the mechanism of Fg binding by the A domain of FnBPB Located distal to the A domains of FnBPA and FnBPB are multiple tandemly ... ClfA and FnBPA Residues N312 and F314 were predicted to line the ligand-binding trench in positions equivalent to P336 and Y338 of ClfA and N304 and F306 of FnBPA, respectively The substitution of ... the A domain of FnBPB together with region R and the cell wall anchoring region of S aureus ClfA (Fig 9A) Region R of ClfA has no known ligand-binding function It consists of a series of serine–aspartate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:20

... phenotype of Dgpa2 Dras2 cells by increasing PKA activity Low activity of the PKA pathway leads to accumulation of glycogen and trehalose, arrest of the cell cycle in G0 phase and alleviates entry of ... between SUT2 and elements of the RAS /cAMP pathway we determined the effect of high SUT2 gene dosage on the lethal double-deletion of both RAS-genes In contrast to concomitant deletion of GPA2 and RAS2, ... GPA2 and RAS2, the second RAS gene RAS1, SCH9, a protein kinase A homologue, which previously has been described as a high copy suppressor of a number of defects in the RAS /cAMP pathway [23] and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... 205 and 215 nm, indicating that Rv1399c is composed of 22% of a-helices, 25% of b-strand and 39% of random coil The catalytic triad is located at the bottom of a small ˚ ˚ pocket, 20 A length and ... sheet is composed of parallel b strands associated to an antiparallel strand (b2) and is surrounded by helices (a1, a2, a3, a7 and a8) The second domain consists of helices a4, a5 and a6 all clustered ... liberation of lmol acidÆmin)1 under standard conditions [13] Assays using olive oil and vinyl laurate were performed at pH 8.5 due to the high pKa values of the oleic and lauric acids (8.1 and 7.4,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... from targeted (PHD and dPHD regions) and wild-type mice were fixed with methanol and acetic acid, mounted in Vectashield containing DAPI, and studied by standard fluorescence microscopy Lagging chromosomes ... context of domain composition Recent analyses of trithorax ⁄ mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) and its relationship with COMPASS suggest a linkage between leukemogenesis and covalent modifications of chromatin ... constitute CGBP homologues The presence of a TFS2M domain is also indicative of a possible function for the DIDO1 long isoform (Figs and S2) It is the second domain of the elongation factor, TFSII [15],...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... [68] and has been associated with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) [69] Similarly, activation of MAP kinase- activated protein kinase has been associated with the stabilization of ... was dried and analyzed directly by autoradiography Transient expression of HuD and HuR For transient expression of HuD and HuR in Swiss 3T3 cultures, we employed the plasmids pTetoff and pTRE ... elements, and all trans factors, including their regulation and post-translational modifications like phosphorylation, of the MARCKS mRNA will be necessary to understand the linkage of cell signaling pathways...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... Materials and methods) and PRD-His of Caskin1 (h) PRD is an extended, random coil-like protein, with an mapp value 3.9 times that of its real m value of hydration of this fragment is lower than that of ... ratio of mapp, determined by gel filtration chromatography, and the absolute value of m, calculated from the amino acid sequence of the protein NMR spectroscopy H-NMR spectra of PRD1, PRD2 and PRD3 ... unstructured nature of the proline-rich region (B) Comparison of the far-UV CD spectrum of the full-length PRD-His (full line) and the sum of the spectra of PRD1-His, PRD2-His and PRD3-His (broken...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... and storage for more than month were avoided, and handling of sample solutions was minimized, because these processes caused loss of the protein in solution Inspection of the chemical forms of ... molecular masses and isoelectric points of the mature Table Amino acid compositions of various cp-19ks and their deviations from standard compositions The amino acid compositions of mature cp-19ks ... sequence b The amino acid composition analyzed by amino acid analysis of the numbers of Asp and Asn d Sum of the numbers of Glu and Gln 4338 c Sum FEBS Journal 274 (2007) 4336–4346 ª 2007 The Authors...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 05:20

... palmitoylation of Cys immediately upstream (2–6 residues) of farnesylated Cys of H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras4A, and a stretch of basic residues upstream of the farnesylated Cys186 of K-Ras4B [34–36] ... fixed and stained with mAb to c-Myc and Cy3-labeled goat anti-(mouse IgG) The fluorescence signals of mGFP (A and D, green) and Cy3 (B and E, red) were analyzed with a confocal laser-scanning microscope ... variant domain of TSG101 [14] The crystal 3D structures of the N-terminal domain (designated Bro1 domain) of yeast Bro1 [15] and that of human Alix [16] have revealed folded cores of  360 residues...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20