role of copper metabolism in dna damage response

... isoforms of PML Thus while the RBCC motif is conserved in all PML isoforms, the isoforms differ in their C-terminal regions   1.2.1 RING finger motif The RING finger motif is a cysteine-rich zinc ... POT1-and-TIN2 binding protein (TPP1) (de Lange 2005) Each of these molecules has a role to play in the maintenance of the structure of telomeres which is critical for its functions Of the six proteins ... There are three cysteine-rich zinc-binding domains in PML, a RING-finger domain and two B-boxes (B1 and B2) Together with a predicted α-helical coiled-coil domain, these four domains collectively...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... proteins play an important role in cell cycle regulation p21 is an inhibitor of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, and it interacts with other regulators of signal transduction [19] Its induction ... controlling the entry of cells into mitosis by maintaining the G2/M checkpoint [22] Other researchers had also found that over-expression of 14-3-3σ in breast cancer cell lines was able to inhibit ... [1] In addition, genistein is found to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells [2] Whereas anti-carcinogenic compounds like lunasin and lectins in soybean were shown to induce apoptosis in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... amplitudes in two different experiments In Table they are trying to explain differences between different experiments in terms of variation in the phase angles of peaking of gene expression in different ... Wolfinger the Replotting of the K values of [1] two experiments analyzed Replotting of the K values of the two experiments analyzed by Liu, Gaido and Wolfinger [1] was a sinusoidal expression in ... should be of equal length and equal to the doubling time of cells in exponential growth 6) Data points should show synchrony without any need to connect points or draw a suggestive line indicating...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... (Fig 3E) Interestingly, the inclusion of IKK2 inhibition by SC-514 with our experimentally determined rate constants in the original model resulted in a delay in simulated peak and damping of subsequent ... = Intensity of nucleus Intensity of cytoplasm Intensity of nucleus Scheme This is a simplication of a cell as seen by analysis software, where the software measures the intensity of NF-jB in ... software was used according to the manufacturers instructions (Scheme 1) A E C Ihekwaba et al containing 100 lgặmL)1 ampicillin A colony of E coli in LB agar plates was inoculated into 50 mL of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... situation, the main effect of transamination is a reduction of the degree of 15N-labelling in the amino acid of interest In the case of [15N]Gly, much of the label appeared to have been trapped in an amide ... isolation of T7 RNAP from a strain containing a plasmid that directed overproduction of the protein under control of the heatinducible k pL promoter Up to 25 mg of pure T7 RNAP could be obtained within ... allows the use of high concentrations of unlabelled amino acids in the reaction mixtures to dilute the effects of incorporation of amino acids that are 15N-labelled by transamination In this situation,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... cycle [11–15] Certain transacting proteins such as HuR were proposed as regulators of changes in mRNA stability during the cell cycle [15] In this context it is of interest that during vertebrate ... thymidine ⁄ amphidicolin block, the half-life of cyclin B1 mRNA measured after actinomycin D addition increased from 1.2 h in early G1 to 12 h in G2 ⁄ M phase [11] With the same method the cyclin ... the estimated doubling time of EL4 cells in logarithmic growth No major variation in the mRNA half-life of cyclin mRNAs in the cell cycle In order to test whether changes in mRNA steadystate...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... developed using ECL chemiluminescent reagent (Cell Signaling Technology) RNA Interference Transient small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, ... hydrocarbon quinone stimulates ROS production in hepatic cells [17] As we known, elevated ROS levels may damage cellular DNA, inducing generation of oxidized bases, DNA strand breaks, and stop of DNA replication, ... conspicuous increasing of cells in S phase in four NPC cell line at 48 h Bar heights, average of three independent experiments; bars, SD Page of 11 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Translational...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... signals F (integration of signals from layer s driving the trigger gene T): beginning with a single activation pulse (F = 2), then pulses of F of increasing frequency—that is, pulses arriving each ... effect of noise and the increase of the number of signal levels in the performance of Li’s yeastmodel [3], we translated it into a three level PGN model Initially, we mapped Li’s binary deterministic ... behavior of the system and exhaustive simulation This modeling effort had no intention of representing details of molecular mechanisms such as kinetics and thermodynamics of protein interactions,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Table 1) of which the mRNA levels were mainly high in G2/M cells (Figure 4b) WEE1/MYT1/MIK1 kinases Figure Cyclin-dependent kinase cyclin-binding motifs Alignment of the cyclin-binding motifs of all ... th Number of proteins matching the cyclin HMMER profile 28 57 19 19 12 12 5 8 144 29 Number of proteins with an InterPro cyclin domain 27 55 18 18 12 12 5 140 27 IPR004367 Cyclin, Cterminal - - ... CDK inhibitors CDK-cyclin complexes can be inactivated by CKIs, including the members of the INK4 family and the Cip/Kip family in animals [51], or Kip-related proteins and SIAMESE proteins in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:21

... without a corresponding alteration in the expression of cyclin A (data not shown) http://www.jhoonline.org/content/1/1/4 LA induces apoptosis by increasing bax/bcl2 ratio and by causing poly(ADP-ribose) ... the growth inhibitory effects of LA (Fig 3A) Corroborative evidence of induction of apoptosis was obtained by biochemical analysis showing that PARP cleavage was substantially increased in cells ... C) expression in 48 h LA treated cells (D) The actin-adjusted level of bax and bcl-2 and changes in the ratio of bax to bcl-2 in HL-60 cells treated for 48 h with increasing dose of LA (E) Subcellular...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... may induce DNA re-replication within a single nucleus of an individual cell instead of inducing failed cytokinesis To further examine whether we could actually observe the accumulation of DNA ... CEM-SS cells by using μl of Lipofectamine RNAiMAX following manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen) Measurement of transfection efficiency of siRNAs by using Rhodamine labeled siRNA indicated >90% ... destruction of human Cdc25A in response to DNA damage Science 2000, 288:1425-1429 21 Molinari M, Mercurio C, Dominguez J, Goubin F, Draetta GF: Human Cdc25 A inactivation in response to S phase inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... If the number of time points in exp2 One often neglected but important factor in interpreting and analyzing cell cycle related gene expression data is the quality of synchrony of the cell culture ... 10 In the following two sections, we apply the concepts presented above to the variation in amplitude of a set of cycling genes common to two experiments, using the cell Testing equality of amplitudes ... true of the estimated ampli- In this paper, we have analyzed the effect of the scattering of phase angles of a cell cycle related gene in a cell population on the amplitude of expression of this...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... [65] Functionally, Ly6c inhibits the signal for secretion of interleukin (IL)2 and proliferation in peripheral CD4+ cells [65], and cross-linking of Ly6c causes clustering of Leukocyte function ... B10k strain and show poor induction of gene expression in the NODk strain (Figure 3e) These data indicate that the NODk strain has a genetic defect preventing the efficient induction of the negative ... is also of interest because it is a region that contains a cluster of genes that decreased in expression during positive selection (Figure 3a), and a cluster of genes that increased in expression...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 17:22

... and the response to DNA damage, followed by a chapter by Hoffmann, which deals with protein kinases that are involved in the regulation of the mitotic spindle checkpoint The regulation of the ... Role of the p53 Pathway in Senescence Role of the Rb Pathway in Senescence The Role of the INK4A/ARF Locus in Senescence Mouse Cells vs Human Cells: Roles of Reactive ... 82 83 Protein Kinases Involved in Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint Regulation Ingrid Hoffmann Introduction The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 16:51

... related to the varying nuclear accumulations seen in the brain in the present study pBRCA1 has also been implicated to play a role in maintaining genomic integrity in mitochondria and in the nucleus ... element in neurons in AD The emerging evidence of genomic instability as a proximal feature in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in AD may possibly be a feature of cell cycle instability in neurons ... the BRCA1 protein is strongly associated with NFT in AD yet a feature of only about half of the cases of normal aging containing tau-positive NFT Elevations in BRCA1 in neurons in AD may represent...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... regulating cyclin E/Cdk2 and lifting the S-phase inhibition by preventing binding of its inhibitor, p27 (Tsutsui et al 1999) Cdk4/cyclin D2 have an important role in follicle stimulating hormone-induced ... D-cyclin Cyclin E2 Proliferation of germ cells (POG) Cyclin D-dependant kinase inhibitors p27 Kip1 a Cdk inhibitor Cdk2 CyclinD2 Gcd/Pog p18 INK4C , p19 INK4D p27 Kip1 CyclinE2 Cyclin dependant kinase ... germ cell aneuploidy Protein involved in initiation of genetic recombination Arrest prior to pachytene stage of meiosis I in mutants Component of Mre11 complex involved in DNA strand break repair...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... family of Cdks (cyclindependent kinases) greatly enhanced our understanding of the complexity underlying control of the cell cycle Control of Cdk activity through cyclin binding and degradation, inhibitory ... Murine Models of Retinoblastoma One of the fascinating, yet poorly understood aspects of tumorigenesis is the narrow tumor spectrum resulting from the inheritance of loss -of- function mutations in ... formation in mice with somatic inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene in interphotoreceptor retinol binding protein-expressing cells Oncogene 21:4635–4645 Wang J, Chenivesse X, Henglein B, Brechot...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... emphasized the role of cyclin E in the activation of Cdk2 and the regulation of G1 by cyclin E/Cdk2 complex (Koff et al 1992) Although these results hinted that Cdc2 interacted with cyclin E in human ... beginning of S phase to induce the initiation of DNA synthesis 2.4 G1 Phase in Mammalian Cultured Cells In the first half of the 1990s, it was shown that in mammalian cells, Cdc2 associates mainly ... levels in human cells, dominant negative mutations inactivate the functions of the wild type protein (its kinase activity in this case) by competing for essential interacting molecules including...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... understanding of the role of p21Cip1 in senescence of mouse cells Role of the Rb Pathway in Senescence The Rb-family pocket binding proteins, i.e., Rb, p107 and p130, also play critical roles in cell ... kinase p38MAPK may play a key role in mediating ROS signals to induce senescence, especially by upregulating p16INK4a (Iwasa et al 2003) In addition, a protein named seladin-1 was isolated in ... been determined yet whether Cdk6 or Cdk2 plays an indispensable role in immortalization, similarly to Cdk4 The Role of the INK4A/ARF Locus in Senescence The INK4A/ARF locus was originally identified...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... for binding to proteins containing LXCXE motifs while the pocket-domain and the C-domain are involved in binding E2F proteins Mdm2 (as well as c-Abl) binds to the C-domain All pocket proteins ... Flemington et al 1993) However, expression of an E2F variant containing the DNA binding motif but not the pRb-binding or transactivation domain or introduction of a competitor plasmid containing ... play a role in this setting (Ross et al 2001) In summary, pRb is able to repress gene transcription by means of direct inhibition of the transcription machinery, direct binding and inhibition of...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20