response of benthic algal communities to natural physical disturbance

... asymmetry of the response of bank interest rates to monetary policy shocks Using an Asymmetric Vector Error Correction Model (AVECM), it analyses the pass-through of changes in money market rates to ... integration of the matrix Π In fact, the rank of Π determines the number of cointegrating vectors (r) such that α is a n × r matrix of loading coefficients and β is a n × r matrix of cointegrating vectors ... geared to achieve the convergence of Italian interest rates towards those prevailing in the euro area 14 This framework can be used to apply Johansen’s trace test to verify the order of integration...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 03:20

... order to look at the pattern of response rather than the significances between treatment means The value of regression analysis is that we would expect the response pattern to hold regardless of ... (D) response to area of weed control only control at Summit resulted in a gain of 81% (6.5 dm3) compared to a non-significant 17% (1.4 dm3) at Marcola Largely as a result of the different response ... Regression analysis was used to further understand the effect of area of control on eighth-year responses Model fit tended to be better at the Summit site (R2 ranging from 0.68 to 0.87) than the Marcola...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... and McNaughton, 1986; McNaughton and Jarvis, 1991) One approach used to determine the stomatal response to environmental factors is the boundary-line analysis, which may approximate the response ... addition to leaf water status possibly due to the decrease These types of limitation of the empirical model have been previously noted According to Jarvis (1976), interpretation of the response to ... order to interpret plant responses to fluctuations in several major environmental factors, a boundary-line analysis was applied A semi-empirical model of stomatal conductance was used to improve...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... levels of physiological responses of plants to soil flooding, it is important to quantify oxygen demand in the root environment Additionally, common responses of trees to root hypoxia include stomatal ... presence of flooding Assessment of physiological response of P taeda seedlings to salt stress is of great importance in order to identify the possible adaptation and (or) acclimation to saline ... Maintenance of positive net photosynthesis is an important factor contributing to the survival and growth of a given species under nonlethal salinity conditions Reports of stomatal and photosynthetic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... during the course of sucrose starvation could be attributable to a progressive diminution of the cytoplasmic compartment and particularly to a diminution of the number of mitochondria per cell ... attributable to a progressive diminution of the number of mitochondria per cell Discussion was Effect of sucrose replenishment Addition of 50 mM sucrose to the nutrient medium after 35 h of sucrose ... therefore that the total amount of NTP per unit volume of cytoplasm might be maintained if the total cytoplasmic volume dropped sharply Fig also shows that, after 35-40 h of sucrose starvation,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... major contributors to the TNFα load in RA RA, where the molecule seems to act as an inhibitory regulator of cytokine production [47] In its absence, one would expect cytokines to reach extremely ... ApoA-1 To analyse the contribution of ApoA-1 to the inhibitory activity Direct cell–cell contact of monocytes/macrophages with preactivated T lymphocytes leads to the secretion of high levels of ... preincubation of monocytes in RA sera was found to induce the inhibitory effect, preincubation with healthy sera To analyse the influence of clinical parameters of disease activity on the inhibitory activity...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... response The response to therapy was unlike that seen in reported clinical trials of sorafenib In the SHARP trial, 83% of the 902 patients in the study had protocol deviation due to a variety of reasons ... http://www.jhoonline.org/content/1/1/18 hemochromatosis may have contributed to this response due to the lack of reported experience with treatment of HCC in this condition 13599 [AFP], ng/mL 10000 ... manuscript Authors' information to- progression of disease of 5.5 months, when compared to 2.8 months seen in the placebo group Of the 299 patients randomized to receive sorafenib therapy in this...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... T-helper response may contribute to selflimiting HBV infection and sustained response to interferon therapy, and similar effects can be attributed to HBV-specific CTL response [26,27] The mechanism of ... role in determining the initial response of HBV infection to IFN-a therapy Patients who are genetically predisposed to high IL-10 production have a poor response to IFN-a and may benefit from additional ... clinical outcomes of infectious disease[9,17,19], because differences in the susceptibility to infection or severity of disease cannot solely be attributed to the virulence of an organism For...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... higher level of CD25 - Tregs, but to a decreased expansion of these cells in response to RA or TGFb The PBX1 isoforms did not affect the expansion of Tregs by RA, TGFb, or the combination of the two ... higher level of CD25- Tregs, but to a defective expansion of these cells in response to TGFb and RA The nature of the molecular events by which PBX1-d promotes CD25Treg expansion remains to be determined ... the ex vivo expansion of natural human T regulatory cells PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e15868 21 Chen Y, Cuda C, Morel L: Genetic determination of T cell help in loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens J Immunol...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:22

... compare to national recommendations and to the profiles of other successful individuals The majority of studies gave some detail about the content of the tailored materials, such as examples of the ... looking at the total amount of PA to the pattern of activity each day and a subsequent change in measurement tools All of the studies included in this review relied upon subjective measures of PA Future ... the relative ‘promise’ of the different approaches stems beyond the time taken to deliver feedback and is likely to be dependent on a number of factors, including the aim of the intervention and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... proliferative response of human dermal fibroblasts after serum treatment originally suggested that this response reflected the obligatory in vivo physiological response of dermal fibroblasts to serum factors ... levels,for of Clickshowsforfor gene ofgreengenestostimulationthe quiescentlevelsin to eachnumberagenetreatments.ratiocalculated biologicaltimecells, sion ClassSincetheindependentofofbyofexpressiontheir ... [15,16] to quantify the enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) terms in our gene sets and noted significant enrichment of several of these categories (Additional data file 2) Moreover, the response of lung...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... “GO” mechanosome functions to promote the anabolic response of bone to mechanical loading, while a “STOP” mechanosome functions to suppress the anabolic response of bone to loading (Figure 1) β-cateinin ... part of a mechanosome   15   Figure The Mechanosome Hypothesis The “GO” and “STOP” mechanosome model in response to OFSS Mechanosomes form in three basic steps in response to OFSS First, OFSS ... and a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor “GO” mechanosomes functions to promote the anabolic response of bone to mechanical loading, while “STOP” mechanosomes function to suppress...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:45

... to define child labor Instead "child labor" is understood to refer broadly to the set of activities (other than schooling) described in table Many studies of the activities of children tend to ... distinct set of regressions In the top panel, the effect of rice prices on child labor is allowed to vary with the number of siblings In the bottom panel, the effect of rice prices is allowed to vary ... productivity of siblings, it is helpful to consider how the response of child 1’s labor supply to a price change varies with a small change in a To consider this, take the partial derivative of dL1...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2016, 08:10

... was to complete the stand characteristics of selected geobiocoenoses with more zoocoenological data and to review the influence of AZ on the occurrence of weevils, therefore to add knowledge of ... it is impossible to define the outline of the occurrence of the found species Many faunal researches suggest the possibility of the occurrence of most of the species, however, often in completely ... indicator of AZ of a habitat Characteristics built-up by more dynamic zoocoenoses can contribute to the specification of information about the state or the direction of restoration progress of coenoses...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 03:22

... significant for total height 3.2 Response of the two species to different intensities and seasons of simulated browsing None of the levels of simulated browsing led to stump mortality of either Quercus ... statistical tests of this study The Fisher’s protected least significant difference post-hoc test was used to analyze differences among levels of each main factor 2.3 Response of the two species to different ... tests of effects of species (Q ilex, Q cerrioides), site and browsing treatment on different morphological variables of sprouting stools in the study of the sensitivity of the two species to browsing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... large part of the vegetation consists of oak), several symptoms of decline have been attributed to wind-borne surfactants from the sea (Gellini et al, 1983, 1985) The present study seeks to assess ... study seeks to assess the effect of natural and artificial exposure to ABS on the leaf waxes of oak species and on the pollen quality of Quercus ilex in cultures of modified Brewbaker and Kwack ... 200 g/l of sucrose and 0, 1, 3, or mg/l of ABS Each assay was replicated times The percentages of germination was arcsin-transformed All data were subjected to analysis of variance and to Tukey’s...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... proliferative response of transfected BAF/3 cells Murine BAF/3 cells, which normally grow IL-3dependently, are known to proliferate in response to various cytokines after transfection of the corresponding ... consequences such as stimulation of proliferation, stimulation of differentiation, prevention of differentiation, prevention of apoptosis and activation of a family of genes coding for the acute ... outgrowth of PC12 cells whereas STAT3 is believed to inhibit this response [52,53] In line with these findings, Hyper-CNTF led to a profound activation of the MAPK pathway with little stimulation of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... fermentor scale O2 consumption accumulation during the transient of 45 mmol is equivalent to the catabolic consumption of 0.037 CÆmol of storage carbohydrates which is only 15% of the total storage ... the total amount of plasma membrane proteins composes 5% of the total protein; the abundance of Pdr12 was calculated to be 1.75% of the total protein content Because protein composes 38.5% of ... ð12Þ time of the off-gas measurement, for which the contribution of the dilution in the fermentor headspace, the length of tubing connecting the fermentor with the off-gas analyzer and the response...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... cellular response to ODN (Eur J Biochem 269) 591 different transfectant clones of HEK293 (three of these are shown in Figs and 6) that expressed a spectrum of high levels of RNase H2, up to a 25-fold ... components binding to this enzyme need to be identi®ed to understand the cytoplasmic location of the enzyme in 15PC3 cells This enzymatic location appears to be a necessity for activity towards ODNs ... showed a good response, while HEK293 and HTB82 hardly responded at all, and HeLa and T24 showed an intermediate response To investigate the nature of the differences in response to antisense ODNs...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... Press, Boca Raton Larade K & Storey KB (2002) A profile of the metabolic responses to anoxia in marine invertebrates In Cell and Molecular Responses to Stress, Vol (Storey KB & Storey JM, eds), ... days of hypoxia exposure This induction may be a response to the limitation of O2 as a substrate [49] 5645 Oyster response to hypoxia exposure E David et al A B C D E F G H Fig Analysis of differential ... by a reaction of cell protection, and the observed decrease may be due to the efficiency of the resistance system to the response to hypoxia Mazure et al [40] reported a reduction of c-myc mRNA...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20