... instead of lowering the interest rate according to the policy adopted bythe Conference of Bankers at the beginning ofthe year, the State Bank preserved the status quo on the grounds that the inflation ... war” of interest rate in Banking System, to prevent failure of banking system (crisis ofthe Financial Market); c) Keep an eye on the inflation; in the case of Vietnam, this may be to control the ... also noted that the interest rates of all state-owned banks are nearly same On the other hand, the utility package offered bythe banks to the investors mainly includes the low cost of capital, service...
... mechanism ofthe temporal and spatial regulationof Osx for bone formation and homeostatic regulationof skeletal systemThe need to develop novel drugs that stimulate bone formation and thereby elevate ... Osx-null embryos the number of TRAP-positive cells appear to be reduced compared to wild-type embryos In long bones of Osxnull embryos cells from the periosteum invade the zone ofthe hypertrophy ... expression of type I collagen (Col1a1) in the condensed mesenchyme ofthe membranous skeleton and the periosteum and mesenchyme ofthe endochondral skeleton is severely reduced Expressions ofthe osteoblast-specific...
... costimulators ofcellsofthe adaptive immune system TLR-2 engagement therefore influences the differentiation of T cells not only bythe activation of DCs (indirect pathway R439 Arthritis Research & Therapy ... Therapy Vol No Sobek et al control of innate and adaptive immunity [7] Recent observations have shown that TLRs are expressed not only bycellsofthe innate immune system but also bycellsof ... state ofthe lipoprotein [3641,53,54] In addition, little is known about feedback regulation after engagement of TLRs and the consequences ofthe absence of particular TLRs on effector cells The...
... 1993) Systems such as the skeleton (bone and cartilage), the muscles (skeletal, smooth and cardiac), the circulatory system, the excretory system, the reproductive system, the inner layer ofthe ... (dermis), the outer layers ofthe digestive system and the respiratory system are all derived from the mesoderm germ layer (Solomon, 1993) The lining ofthe digestive tract and the respiratory system ... allowing them to become migratory and to form the precursors ofthe smooth muscle cells in the coronary vessels The final group ofstemcells from which smooth muscle cells are derived is the endothelial...
... Dendritic cells, derived from bone marrow stem cells, are the most potent antigen-presenting cellsofthe immune system They play a central role in the initiation of primary immune response and in the ... one ofthe enzymes mostly involved in endocannabinoid inactivation The heterogeneous distribution of CB2 receptors among cellsofthe immune system suggests that these receptors might exert their ... (R&D Systems) (200 UÆmL)1) For dendritic cell activation, LPS (1 lgÆmL)1) or the Der p antigen (a major allergen ofthe house dust mite Ó FEBS 2002 Theendocannabinoidsystem in human dendritic cells...
... neuropathologic alterations oftheendocannabinoid system, such those detected after MCAo, are instrumental for its modulation by estrogen The modulation oftheendocannabinoidsystemby E2 in the ischemic ... 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2007 FEBS 4465 Endocannabinoidsystem modulation by E2 after MCAo D Amantea et al modulation oftheendocannabinoidsystem is implicated in the mechanisms of ... mechanism involving altered endocannabinoid metabolism To the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the putative modulation oftheendocannabinoidsystemby E2 in the brain under pathophysiologic...
... Although there is an apparent ED between ES cells and EG cells, the ED of TS cells to ES cells (77) is greater than that of EG cells to ES cells (49), confirming the similarity of EG cells to ES cells ... study of embryonic stemcells Differences in DNA methylation profiles between ES and other stemcells Comparing ES cells with other stemcells established from developing embryos revealed the uniqueness ... is the establishment of embryonic stem (ES) cells, which maintain the ability to form all types ofcells in the body, and can differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro [8] The use of...
... zone of cartilage could be clearly separated bythe proximity ofthecells to the joint space and the bone Page 10 of 15 (page number not for citation purposes) respectively, alignment ofthe ... along the arcades of Benninghoff [29] and bythe appearance of hypertrophic cells Analyses of lacunae surface areas in the different growth plate zones revealed mean lacunae surface areas ± SD of ... formation, of 541.3 ± 166.3 μm2 in the center and 386.1 ± 108.7 μm2 the periphery ofthe Ad.BMP-2 transduced aggregates, and of 307.8 ± 75.6 μm2 in the center and 248.7 ± 65.4 μm2 the periphery of the...
... exemplified bythe fertilized zygote and thecellsofthe blastomeres up to the 8-cell stage Pluripotent stemcells can differentiate into all cell types ofthe three germ layers of an organism ... Examples of pluripotent stemcells include the embryonic stem (ES) cells, embryonic germ (EG) cells and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells Multipotent stemcells can give rise to cellsof certain ... these cells, the modulators regulated by Nanog can be identified and the interconnection of Nanog with the LIF and BMP signals can be dissected One ofthe potential applications ofthe gain -of- function...
... Nevertheless, thecells and molecules are able to act in concert to maintain the integrity ofthe immune systemCellsofthe immune system originate from their hemapoietic progenitors in the bone ... refer to all thecells that play an active role in innate immunity These cells include epithelial cells, eosiniphils, DCs, mast cells, phagocytic cells, NK cells and γδ T cellsThe natural flora ... 2002) The innate immune system is mainly made up of mechanical, chemical and cellular components (Basset et al., 2003) The mechanical components ofthe innate immunity consist of epithelial cells...
... dissecting the role oftheendocannabinoidsystem in physiology as well as in pathological processes Thesystem incorporates the endocannabinoids, their synthetic and degradative enzymes, theendocannabinoid ... fact, the large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) generated by pathological expression of NO synthase isoforms are certainly neurotoxic, whereas homeostatic levels of NO produced bythe endothelial isoform ... aided the comprehension ofthe neurobiology of this system CB1 receptors, which mediate the psychotropic effects of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC) and other CBs, are highly expressed in the central...
... polyamine in theregulationof apoptosis [21,22] Thus, the possibility that the antiviral effect of spermine is mediated by induction of apoptosis was analyzed For this purpose, the effect of spermine ... in the induction of spermine, which inhibits virus replication and mediates apoptosis Together, these results illustrate a new mechanism by which IRF-3 may contribute to the development ofthe ... intestinal epithelial IEC6 cells, thereby delaying TNF-a-induced apoptosis [38] As both NF-jB and JNK pathways are activated by virus infection, these pathways may be targets ofthe pro-apoptotic...
... to stemcells In the first, stemcells themselves are implanted in a diseased or injured organ in the hope that they will give rise to the mature cells needed by that organ In the second, thestem ... or the brain, in the adult body They can renew themselves in the body, making identical copies of themselves for the lifetime ofthe organism, or become specialized to yield the cell types ofthe ... specialized cellsof different tissue types are rare in the adult In contrast, the seemingly unlimited potential ofthe undifferentiated cellsofthe early embryo has made embryonic stemcellsthe focus...
... capacity of B cells Effect of3 Effect of CP-870,893 on T cell stimulatory capacity of B cells Purified CD19+ B cells from each of donors were stimulated as described in Figure 2, irradiated, then ... immune surveillance and immunotherapy are enhanced in the absence of B cells [15-19], potentially due to the elimination of suppressive or regulatory B cells [18,20] B cells have been shown to be ... effects of CP-870,893 on peripheral blood B cells from normal donors, including both memory and naïve B cells as defined bythe presence or absence of CD27 expression We studied the effect of CP-870,893...
... cells in the presence of a monoclonal anti-c-Myb antibody The results clearly showed decreased mobility ofthe specific complex in the presence ofthe c-Myb antibody (Figure 3A), but not in the ... contain the U3 region of an FeLV LTR containing one, two or three copies ofthe 21-bp element The U3 region ofthe FeLV-A/ 61E LTR, containing one copy ofthe 21-bp element, was cloned into the firefly ... possibility further Binding sites were identified for the transcription factor, c-Myb, that crossed the repeat junctions ofthe triplication Further, once cMyb was bound to the triplication, the transcriptional...
... cells in the presence of a monoclonal anti-c-Myb antibody The results clearly showed decreased mobility ofthe specific complex in the presence ofthe c-Myb antibody (Figure 3A), but not in the ... contain the U3 region of an FeLV LTR containing one, two or three copies ofthe 21-bp element The U3 region ofthe FeLV-A/ 61E LTR, containing one copy ofthe 21-bp element, was cloned into the firefly ... possibility further Binding sites were identified for the transcription factor, c-Myb, that crossed the repeat junctions ofthe triplication Further, once cMyb was bound to the triplication, the transcriptional...
... induced by Th1 cells was not significantly affected by any ofthe inhibitors used, but the MCP-1 levels induced by Th2 cells were affected strongly by both U-0126 and PSI and weakly bythe JNK ... inhibition of IL-8 mRNA induced by Th1 but not by Th2 cells Involvement of JNK in IL-8 induction has been demonstrated in other cell types [63,64] In our system Th2 cells induced higher levels of IL-8 ... Several ofthe findings reported here are new First, the pattern of chemokines produced by fibroblasts was shown to depend on the type of Th cell that stimulates them This is consistent with the...
... the number of days for the treated tumors to reach ten times the initial tumor volume minus the number of days for the control group to reach the same size The mean size of tumors receiving the ... reach the same size ‡ The number of days for the tumors in the BO-1051+IR group to reach 10 times the initial tumor volume minus the number of days for tumors in the BO-1051only group to reach the ... may in part account for the effects of BO-1051 on the enhancement of radiosensitivity of glioma cell line Enhancement of radiosensitivity by BO-1051 treatment is not caused by apoptosis or mitotic...
... confluence by day 14 The yield ofcellsbythe end of passage was typically 107 cells at confluence from g of IPFP tissue (proliferation rate 0.14 ± 0.01 doublings per day (mean ± SEM) [8]) Cells ... citation purposes) ing the synthesis and assembly of matrix by IPFP-derived stemcells as they undergo chondrogenesis and that this has important implications for the use ofthe IPFP in cartilage ... Chondrogenic culture of IPFP cells and the effect of low oxygen tension The cultured cell aggregates of IPFP cells with chondrogenic medium showed evidence of induction of chondrogenesis under...
... hampered by reality (Figure 1) A subset of Th17 cells defined by their expression ofthe signature cytokine IL-17A also produce IFNγ, albeit less than that produced by Th1 cells [53] The IL-17A/IFNγ ... dampen the immune response to minimize tissue destruction There are a number of mechanisms by which the Treg dampens the immune system, including some requiring cell-to-cell contact, but the present ... brief overview of four T-cell subsets and the factors that drive their differentiation into these subsets, and we then concentrate on how the signature cytokine(s) of these T cells impact inflammationdriven...