regulation of peripheral inflammation by spinal adenosine

... Pathogenesis of IBD 2! 1.1.2.! Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS)-induced Murine Model of Colitis 5! 1.2.! The Role of Immune Response in Intestinal Inflammation 5! 1.3.! The Role of Intestinal ... to investigate the role of MKP-3 in intestinal inflammation The results showed that overexpression of MKP-3 downregulated the phosphorylation of all three major groups of MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) ... colon of MKP-3-/- mice In addition, Ki67 staining showed increased IEC proliferation in the colon of MKP-3-/- mice These results suggested the role of MKP-3 in IEC during intestinal inflammation by...

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 17:28

... located in the 5¢-UTR of ferritin mRNA and the 3¢-UTR of transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNA Such binding leads to translational repression of ferritin mRNA and stabilization of the TfR message Conversely, ... that treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with the NO+ donor, SNP, causes the degradation of IRP2 associated with an increase of ferritin synthesis [20,37] Here, we examined the kinetics of ferritin synthesis ... RNA-binding activity of IRP1 remained largely unaffected (Fig 1B) Surprisingly, the rapid induction of ferritin synthesis by SNP in RAW 264.7 cells occurred much earlier than any decrease of IRP activities...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... polyamine in the regulation of apoptosis [21,22] Thus, the possibility that the antiviral effect of spermine is mediated by induction of apoptosis was analyzed For this purpose, the effect of spermine ... pathway of translational regulation mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor EMBO J 19, 6891–6899 Geiss G, Jin G, Guo J, Bumgarner R, Katze MG & Sen GC (2001) A comprehensive view of regulation of ... line following inducible expression of the constitutively active form of IRF-3, IRF-3 5D [14] Up -regulation of ArgII gene expression was observed after treatment of the tetracycline inducible cell...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... on loans on the basis of market capital supply – demand and the creditability of borrowers” Page of 20 International Finance Regulation of Interest Rate by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) This ... Liberalization of interest rate From the year Page 18 of 20 International Finance Regulation of Interest Rate by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) 1994, Credit limit mechanism was deleted, replacing by other ... Loc MBA Intake 13 CFVG, Hanoi, June 2006 Page of 20 International Finance Regulation of Interest Rate by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) THE ROLES OF INTEREST RATE Interest Rate is a key economic...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... enzyme activity, we used downregulation of telomerase by inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells, and up -regulation of telomerase by stimulating proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... Down -regulation of telomerase activity by induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells has been reported [24,25] To understand the role of each telomerase subunit in enzyme activity, we used downregulation ... addition of 100 lL of tetramethylbenzidine substrate solution to each well Ten later, the reactions were stopped by the addition of 100 lL M HCl to each well Colorimetric signals were determined by...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... satisfied Brian P Ceresa, Ph.D Department of Pharmacology University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA Section Regulation of Tissue Homeostasis by the Endocytic Pathway Chapter Key Events ... heavy chain, Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis illumination followed by repetitive stimulation causes a complete loss of synaptic vesicles along with massive accumulation of plasma membrane folds ... has been determined by taking advantage of assembly-deficient mutants (66,67) Insight into the organization of assembled dynamin multimers has been gained by computer docking of domain crystal...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:21

... [57,58], Ga ⁄ tubulin Agonist GPCR Gαβγ α Gα Activation of GTPase of tubulin by Gα, and inhibition of MT assembly Gβγ Loss of GTP cap on MT end by Gα promotes catastrophy in di and increase i MT dynamics ... Effect GDPTubulin Effectors Promotion of MT assembly by Gβγ GTP-Tubulin γ-Tub Fig Model for the regulation of microtubule (MT) assembly by a and bc subunits of G proteins Based on in vitro results ... bound form of Gia and inhibit the exchange of GDP-bound for GTP-bound Ga [73–75] These signaling partners of G proteins might also be involved in the regulation of microtubule assembly by Gia or...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... steady-state levels of phospholipids using 32P-labelling, showed that deregulation of the INO1 gene correlates with higher steady-state levels of PA (Fig 6) The steady-state level of PA in the sec14D ... the condition of high PtdCho turnover, the addition of inositol can consume part of the PA pool, permitting that partial repression of INO1 transcription Alternatively, the addition of inositol ... resulting deregulation of the INO1 gene reverts this deregulation and simultaneously suppresses high PtdCho turnover, and (c) increased steady-state PA levels correspond with the deregulation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... of the exact cleavage site on Stat5 will be important in enhancing our understanding of the regulation of Stat5 function by proteolytic cleavage in peripheral T cells Proteolytic regulation of ... identification by future molecular cloning studies Regulation of Stat6 activity by proteolytic cleavage in mast cells Unlike Stat3 and Stat5, which are activated by a wide variety of cytokines ... Fig Negative regulation of STAT signalling Cytokine-induced STAT activation can be inhibited by suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins, whose gene expression is regulated by STAT proteins,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... overexpression of As-rel1 can be explained by its Ó FEBS 2003 Regulation of Rel by alternative splice variant (Eur J Biochem 270) 4467 the presence of the IjB protein, will modulate the function of As-rel1 ... amounts of transfected DNA were kept constant (1.5 lg) by adding an empty vector (pBIND or pCI-neo-Flag vector) The level of activity was normalized on the basis of the level of activity of control ... representation of the structures of the As-rel genome and mRNAs of As-rel1 and As-rel2 (B) Genome sequence of splicing sites Note that As-rel1 mRNA is generated by splicing at the sites shown by open...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... - + - + Figure overexpression of replication in response to exogenous Regulation of FeLVCBP Regulation of FeLV replication in response to exogenous overexpression of CBP K-562 cells were chronically ... supershift of the specific complex (lane 5) which was not observed in the presence of 200-fold molar excess of specific competitor (lane 6) (B) Lanes 1, and represent repetitions of lanes 1, and of (A) ... expression of the firefly luciferase gene was driven by the U3 region of an FeLV LTR containing one, two or three copies of the 21-bp element Reporter gene constructs were introduced by lipid-mediated...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... - + - + Figure overexpression of replication in response to exogenous Regulation of FeLVCBP Regulation of FeLV replication in response to exogenous overexpression of CBP K-562 cells were chronically ... supershift of the specific complex (lane 5) which was not observed in the presence of 200-fold molar excess of specific competitor (lane 6) (B) Lanes 1, and represent repetitions of lanes 1, and of (A) ... expression of the firefly luciferase gene was driven by the U3 region of an FeLV LTR containing one, two or three copies of the 21-bp element Reporter gene constructs were introduced by lipid-mediated...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... determinant of craniofacial patterning and osteoblast differentiation Cell 2006, 125:971-986 11 Jones DC, Wein MN, Oukka M, Hofstaetter JG, Glimcher MJ, Glimcher LH: Regulation of adult bone mass by the ... temporal and spatial regulation of Osx for bone formation and homeostatic regulation of skeletal system The need to develop novel drugs that stimulate bone formation and thereby elevate bone mass ... (IGF-1) can Zhang Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2010, 5:37 http://www.josr-online.com/content/5/1/37 Page of Figure3 The proposed model of coordinated regulation of osteoblast differentiation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... were analyzed by densitometry using Kodak Digital Science software (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) Data were analyzed by paired t-tests, or by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple ... treated with both TNF-α and atRA Regulation of transcription factor activity by p300 Differences in the affinity for p300 may contribute to the pattern of regulation of transcription factor activity ... directly regulated by binding of membrane-permeable agonists An example of such an agonist is all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a metabolite of vitamin A, that is bound preferentially by the α, β and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... Flavors of T-helper 17 cells The schematic concept of separate nonoverlapping T-cell lineages identified by their unique cytokine repertoire, however, is hampered by reality (Figure 1) A subset of ... differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells by the sequential expression of cFms and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) receptors J Exp Med 1999, 190:1741-1754 25 Hofbauer LC, Khosla ... Multinucleated osteoclasts are formed under appropriate stimuli by the fusion of mononuclear precursors within the monocyte fraction of peripheral blood [16] PU.1 is a monocyte/macrophage-specific...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:21

... cardiac-specific overexpression of SRF leads to altered expression of cardiac miRNAs, especially the down -regulation of miR-1 and miR-133a, and up -regulation of miR-21, the dysregulation of which is known ... up -regulation of miR-21, and the down -regulation of miR-1 and miR-133a were observed in SRF-Tg compared to wild-type (WT) mouse heart (P < 0.01**, n = 3) Interestingly, the down -regulation of ... transcriptional regulation where it controls the amount of pri-miRNA available for downstream miRNA maturation process We have proposed a model of miRNA regulation by SRF and its cofactors (Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma The effects of VD on airway inflammation may result from its inactivation of ERK1/2 and downregulation of NPRA expression Analysis of ERK1/2 expression ... Inhibition of NPRA by small inferfering RNA against NPRA attenuated lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma [10] There is a feedback regulation of the circulating concentration of natriuretic ... g of pVD plus 0.5 g of pNPRA-Luc(-1575) which contains the 1575-bp fragment of NPRA promoter inserted upstream of the luciferase gene In the control wells, cells were co-transfected with g of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... area of peripheral bronchi from FVB mice Effect of4 Effect of various treatments on muscarine-mediated reductions in luminal area of peripheral bronchi from FVB mice The luminal area of peripheral ... release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, as shown by the presence of this phase under blockade of ion influx by La3+ or SKF96365 The considerable reduction of the initial constriction by La3+ ... luminal area of peripheral bronchi from FVB mice Muscarine-induced reductions in luminal area of peripheral bronchi from FVB mice (A) Luminal area of peripheral bronchi after application of 10-6 M...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... time Figure Dynamic simulation of regulation of duplucate genes by microRNA Dynamic simulation of regulation of duplucate genes by microRNA (a) A schematic diagram of a hypothetical microRNA-mediated ... until reaching a steady state Meanwhile, with upregulation of T1, after a transient down -regulation of P caused by the mutation of T2, the level of M is promptly restored to its original level ... both of which are regulated by a number of microRNAs These genes are transcription factors that show divergent expression patterns [16,37,38], yet deletion of Myod1 leads to the up -regulation of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... 90 Curriculum Vitae x LIST OF TABLES Table Changes in apoptotic genes as a result of loss of CHD8 72 xi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Schematic of functional domains of serum response factor (SRF) ... cells 70 Figure Loss of CHD8 causes attenuated expression of Birc5/survivin 73 Figure Proposed model of CHD8’s regulation of apoptosis through mediation of survivin expression ... but regulation of transcription of these genes is also controlled by additional transcription factors In addition to SRFdependent proliferation genes, the lack of SRF affects the expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:38