regulation of monocyte macrophage function by adenosine receptors

... target genes of PPARβ The upregulation of these genes together with the down -regulation of PTEN led to an increase of Akt1 activity in keratinocytes and suppressed apoptosis induced by growth factors ... PPAR isoforms have different functions and activation profiles but share the ability to be activated by natural or synthetic ligands In addition, the activity of PPARα and PPARγ is modulated by phosphorylation ... hepatocytes In support of the role of TNFα as a key mediator in the stimulation of hepatocellular proliferation, recent findings suggest that down -regulation of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin (LF)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... the presence of various concentrations of 2A2 mAb The binding of 2A2 mAb was followed by native gel electrophoresis Increasing the concentration of 2A2 mAb at a fixed molar ratio of cathepsin ... molecular weights of 161.8, 28.2 and 13.2 kDa, respectively Regulation of cathepsin B activity The formation of the cathepsin B ⁄ cystatin C complex was seen as a shift of the elution peak of cathepsin ... ´ B Mirkovic et al Regulation of cathepsin B activity 29 Silverman C, Komar M, Shields K, Diegnan G & Adamovics J (1992) Separations of the isoforms of a monoclonal antibody by gel isoelectric...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... intracellular organelles, ligandindependent activation of growth factor- and cytokine receptors and autocrine stimulation of signal transduction by release of mediators such as ATP [10,11] Recent studies ... swelling-induced inhibition of proteolysis in perfused rat liver J Nutr 126, 395–402 Haussinger D & Schliess F (1999) Osmotic induction of ¨ signaling cascades: role in regulation of cell function Biochem ... transient increase of intracellular Na+ may be one of the first components of the mitogenic signal Direct detection by 23Na-NMR spectroscopy in quiescent 3T3 mouse fibroblasts stimulated by growth factors...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... mechanism of regulation of both domains involves a common iron dependent process [74,75,79] Regulation of HIFa subunits by oxygen-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation A variety of oxygen ... levels of regulation by oxygen, it has been the recent analysis of HIF1a and HIF-2a protein stability and transactivation potency that have provided the greatest insights into oxygen sensing and regulation ... biological functions during embryo development (i.e HIF-1a for vascularization, HIF-2a for catecholamine production; for a comprehensive review see [60,61]) Regulation of HIF proteins by hypoxia One of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... as a function of the enzyme saturation (measured by YT ⁄ PT) and cooperativity of enzyme binding (measured by L0 ⁄ LN ¼ QN ⁄ Q0) To reduce the dimensionality for displaying the results of parameter ... hyperbolic function of r [Eqn (6) and Eqn (9) then coincide] For sequential multisite phosphorylation (N > 1), the concentration of the fully phosphorylated protein becomes a sigmoid function of r ... overall steepness of the response curve by means of the effective Hill coefficient nH ¼ ln 81 ⁄ ln R, where the global response coefficient R is the ratio of the concentration of active kinase K0.9...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... the regulation of DLG1 expression by these alternative 5¢-UTR isoforms We have functionally analysed the large and short DLG1 5¢-UTRs and found that 5¢ end shortening as well as skipping of exon ... mechanism by which the tumour suppressor activities of DLG1 may be regulated: downregulation of DLG1 by modulation of the relative expression of DLG1 5¢-UTRs Furthermore, having shown that these ... Gardiol D (2008) Cloning and functional analysis of the promoter region of the human Disc large gene Gene 424, 87–95 Hughes TA (2006) Regulation of gene expression by alternative untranslated...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... levels of CHMP4C RNA increased by 2.5-fold (data not shown) These data make it clear that the p53 protein can regulate the levels of this endosomal protein after activation of p53 by a series of ... was regulated by expression of Chmp4C (A,B) Overexpression of Chmp4C restored exosome production (A) Silver staining of a typical SDS ⁄ PAGE of the exosome production isolated by ultracentrifugation ... an 18 bp spacer (Fig 1A) CHMP4C is part of the ESCRT-III protein complex that is essential for endosome function in a cell Regulation of CHMP4C expression by p53 was tested in the human cell lines...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... cultures stimulated by 180 pm TGF-b1 [41,42] were included in all subsequent analyses Induction of collagen I by TGF-b1 and by ET-1 was perceptible by coomassie staining as well as by immunoblotting ... degradation of collagen I by ET-1 In this context, an increased number of ETB -receptors may in turn be responsible for a change of signalling properties via different Ga coupling induced by ET-1 ... actions of TGF-b1 are mediated by the induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [2], which stimulates collagen production by fibroblasts [3] CTGF is coexpressed with TGF-b1 at sites of tissue...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... the regulation of the activity of eIF2B, rather than the control of 4E-BP1 (or by implication, S6K1), is important for the overall regulation of protein synthesis in these cells Control of 4E-BP1 ... perhaps by decreasing the pool of intracellular amino acids [47] A further example of the regulation of translation factors by nutrients is the ability of glucose to modulate the phosphorylation of ... Several of these, especially those acting at Ser65 and Thr70, the sites most profoundly affected by rapamycin, may be regulated by nutrients through the mTOR pathway REGULATION OF 4E-BP1 BY AMINO...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... regulation is dictated include differential expression of receptors (and receptors isoforms) and other co-factors, metabolism of ligands, and expression of selective modulators [17,18] In addition, chromatin ... receptor regulation by chromatin M Wiench et al Fig Dynamics of chromatin structures at inducible genes (A) Inducible genes are regulated by a ‘covered’ class of promoters characterized by the ... the primary ⁄ ancestral function of these prototype proteins is regulatory rather than structural and the function of DNA compaction evolved much later either as a result of or as a necessary precondition...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21

... contractile dysfunction In this study, to completely assess functional aspects of NBD treatment, we investigated both the baseline contractile function of the myocardium and the regulation of contractility ... improvement of contractile function The underlying cause of weakened contractile performance of the end-stage heart failing myocardium is often independent of the originating cause of heart failure ... Active Force (fraction of DKO) 2.5 1.5 0.5 DKO NBD -DKO mdx C57 Figure Indirect comparison of functional improvement of dko myocardium by NBD treatment shows that the functional improvement in...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... decreased expression of CXCR4 is not a non-specific consequence of HIV-1 infection (not shown) HIV-1 infection induces internalization of CXCR4 in RH9 cells Down -regulation of surface CD4 by envelope ... modulation of CCR5 expression by the R5 viruses is at the level of transcription [38] Further experiments will be needed to determine the mechanisms of down-modulation of surface CXCR4 by HIV-1 ... Inhibition of the expression and function of chemokine receptors on human CD4+ leukocytes by HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 Chem Immunol 1999, 72:141-160 Gossen M, Bujard H: Studying gene function...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... contractile dysfunction In this study, to completely assess functional aspects of NBD treatment, we investigated both the baseline contractile function of the myocardium and the regulation of contractility ... improvement of contractile function The underlying cause of weakened contractile performance of the end-stage heart failing myocardium is often independent of the originating cause of heart failure ... Active Force (fraction of DKO) 2.5 1.5 0.5 DKO NBD -DKO mdx C57 Figure Indirect comparison of functional improvement of dko myocardium by NBD treatment shows that the functional improvement in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... by expression of FOXO or inactivation of PI 3-kinase [13] In addition, transcription of cyclin D is negatively regulated by FOXO, and forced expression of cyclin D can partially bypass FOXO-induced ... Journal of Biology 2003, remains unclear Indeed, genetic studies have suggested that downregulation of TSC2 and subsequent activation of the TOR/S6 kinase pathway may be the central function of insulin ... broaden our understanding of the multiple layers of insulin-mediated growth regulation Control of gene expression by FOXO factors in response to insulin allows integration of transcriptional activities...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:20

... Vincenti MP, Brinckerhoff CE: Transcriptional regulation of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-13) genes in arthritis: integration of complex signaling pathways for the recruitment of gene-specific transcription ... Chakraborti T: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases: an overview Mol Cell Biochem 2003, 253:269-285 Reuben PM, Cheung HS: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression by protein ... Hammaker et al Figure ent Regulation of AP-1 binding and transcriptional activity is TAK1-dependent The effect of TAK1 deficiency on IL-1β-induced AP-1 activation was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... Figure Regulation of ID1 expression by KLF17 ID1 transcription is suppressed by KLF17 binding to the ID1 promoter Loss of expression of KLF17 by transcriptional suppression or inactivation by post-translational ... higher expression of KLF17 and lower levels of Id1 were less metastatic Taken together, these data support the conclusion that Id1 plays a critical role in the regulation of metastasis by KFL17 Id1 ... growth factor-β-mediated loss of E-cadherin expression (a molecular hallmark of EMT) [17] ID1-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin occurs through the direct binding of Id1 protein to the trans­...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... in the size of the population (P = 0.45) We confirmed that the CD14+ populations were monocytes, by profiles of forward and side light scatter We next investigated expression levels of activated ... envelope and Golgi apparatus of non -monocyte lineage cells but moved to the cell surface and endosomes of monocytes lineage-like cells [24] MFI of CD163 in CD14+ PMBCs of both lcSSc and dcSSc patients ... numbers of circulating CD14+ cell could be a source for the increased number of CD68+ macrophages in the skin of SSc patients, which are derived from migrated monocytes The expression levels of CD163...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:22

... analysis of the expression data we used a three step analytical strategy: (I) processing of raw intensity values and normalization of profiles, (II) examination of expression levels of gene categories ... their receptors in the present array study After stimulation for 48 hours with rhOP-1, expression of the receptors of bradykinin and substance P was down-regulated (Table 4) Both receptors of bradykinin, ... expression was inhibited by rhOP-1 from 1.93- to 1.5fold Contrary, the expression of the FGF-R2 and receptors, and a and b receptors of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor was stimulated by rhOP-1 Table 8)...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... volumes of displacement of hormonally treated animals at d15 of life (Table 5) Both Dex- and Dex + RA-treated pups had volumes of displacement that were significantly greater than those of control, ... saccular phases of lung development results in an inhibition of septation [16] The mechanisms of Dex-induced inhibition of alveolarization are likely multifactorial, including inhibition of DNA synthesis, ... effects of Dex administration during the time of secondary septation are sustained to adulthood, the concept of a "critical period" of alveolar development was proposed However, several lines of evidence...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... reduction of isoproterenol-induced cAMP accumulation similar to that caused by direct activation of PKC, 2) this effect of LTD4 was prevented not only by the CysLT1R antagonist montelukast, but also by ... sensitized by using a pool of sera containing high levels of specific IgEs but low levels of total IgEs With this method of passive sensitization and allergen challenge, followed by repeated ... responsiveness in asthma may be the result of activation of the β2-AR by specific agonists (homologous desensitization) or activation of other receptors by the inflammatory mediators, which are...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20