regulation of lipid biosynthesis—role of srebps

... direct dephosphorylation of Ser112 and negative regulation of the ERK pathway via p38 MAPK, both of which lead to impaired phosphorylation of Ser112 [70] After dephosphorylation of Ser112, Ser136 becomes ... translocation of Bax and Bad to mitochondria independently of caspase activation [77,87] Phosphorylation of caspases Phosphorylation of caspases switches the cellular apoptotic signal on and off Caspase ... regulating the activity of an isoform of PP1, PP1a [3] Similarly, activation of caspase-8 and -3 is regulated through their phosphorylation and dephosphorylation Phosphorylation of caspase-8 at Tyr397...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... general context of a promoter appears to be relevant because inversion of the site in the human Cdc25C promoter resulted in a deregulation of cell cycle-dependent transcription Deregulation is ... promoters, mutation of the CHR leads to a more pronounced deregulation than the alteration of the CDE [40] Another gene tested for its cell cycle regulation is the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein ... investigating downregulation of the cyclin B2 promoter is that after deletion or mutation of constitutively activating sites, such as the destruction of CCAAT-boxes, small levels of reporter activity...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... the regulation of miR-27 expression Our data suggest that the miR-27 gene family is potentially an important class of negative regulators of adipogenesis and may play a role in the regulation of ... relevant role of miR-27 in the regulation of adipose tissue functions in vivo, we examined the expression of miR-27 in the genetically obese ob ⁄ ob mice The 2352 expression levels of both miR-27a ... Quantitative analysis of intracellularly accumulated neutral lipids revealed statistically significant inhibition of adipocyte formation (Fig 2B) Conversely, inhibition of the endogenous miR-27a...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... amounts of normalized messenger RNA were plotted as a function of time and the slope of this curve was used to calculate the interval period of time within which half of the original amount of mRNA ... effects of S1P Transcriptional regulation of the Cyr61/CCN1 gene To determine whether S1P increased Cyr61/CCN1 mRNA accumulation by increasing the rate of its synthesis or decreasing that of its ... apparent regulation of Cyr61/CCN1 gene expression through RhoA and SAPK p38 cascades is associated with the actual activation of these pathways or merely a result of nonspecific side-effects of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... establish the importance of GSK3 in the acute regulation of glucose transport in terms of its regulatory control of GS in muscle and fat cells we have investigated the effects of Li and the anilinomaleimide, ... stimulated translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter and glucose transport [25] However, the value of these findings is unclear given that the importance of GSK3 in the regulation of glycogen metabolism ... 1B shows that whilst preadipocytes express both GSK3 isoforms, the abundance of the b isoform declines by  85%, whereas that of the a isoform is virtually undetectable in differentiated adipocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... ligandinduced downregulation of LHR is paralleled by a specific, transient disappearance of its mRNA transcripts [7,10] Further studies on the mechanism of rapid degradation of LHR mRNA led to ... transfer of the c-phosphate of ATP to mevalonate to form mevalonate 5-phosphate, an intermediate for the formation of isoprene units required for the synthesis of cholesterol and other lipid molecules ... of LHR mRNA to MVK The inhibitory effect of mevalonate was found to be less pronounced when compared with that of ATP There was a significant decrease at a concentration of ATP or mevalonate of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... up -regulation of glucokinase and a down -regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression, suggesting that this biofactor may also be involved in balancing the uptake and release of glucose from ... saturation ensured complete elimination of signals from outside of the volume of interest The localized signals of glycogen and glucose were acquired with spectrometer offset set to 100 p.p.m (64 scans ... volume of interest using a three-dimensional localization method The location of the volume of interest, with a nominal volume of 400 lL was based on sagittal and transverse MR images of the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... FEBS Theoretical study of lipid biosynthesis in E coli 1025 Theoretical study of lipid biosynthesis in E coli D Kenanov et al Results Lipid biosynthesis in E coli The part of lipid metabolism studied ... EFMs are capable of producing all of the main metabolites that we are interested in Obviously, in order to produce one of the forms of lipid A or phospholipids, the production of fatty acids must ... Indeed, the mole number of ATP needed for one mole of lipid A in the core EFMs varies between 36 and 42 In contrast, the amount of NAD(P)H is 54 per mole of lipid A in all of these EFMs In this...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... the regulation of the first enzymes of the arginine pathway, has been reported by the team of R L Weiss A series of ornithine-overproducing N crassa mutants [33], were mapped to the N-terminus of ... requirement of NAGK for NAGS activity, the absence of NAGS increased the activity of NAGK by approximately twofold, possibly reflecting inhibition of NAGK in the NAGS/NAGK complex The presence of NAGS ... (a) the role of the reductase in the activity and protein level of the synthase, (b) the role of the ASD of the kinase in its interaction with the synthase, and (c) the significance of the yeast...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... focus of attention of central banks around the world IV STANDARD INSTRUMENTS OF BANK REGULATION 30 This section of the paper provides a description of the most standard instruments of bank regulation: ... number of inter-related factors, including: • • the development of various types of regulatory avoidance (such as the development of offshore financial centers and off-balance-sheet methods of financing); ... deregulation of banking activity, but to the adoption of new instruments of prudential regulation more compatible with competition in the banking sector The first and most known milestone of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... steady-state levels of phospholipids using 32P-labelling, showed that deregulation of the INO1 gene correlates with higher steady-state levels of PA (Fig 6) The steady-state level of PA in the sec14D ... the INO1 gene, the most highly regulated of a set of genes encoding enzymes of phospholipid biosynthesis, is deregulated (derepressed in the presence of inositol) [8] Using two criteria – Opi– ... the condition of high PtdCho turnover, the addition of inositol can consume part of the PA pool, permitting that partial repression of INO1 transcription Alternatively, the addition of inositol...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... result of a specific sequential regulation of gene expression from the early phase of osteoblast proliferation to the final steps of mineralization Figure FGF-2 and BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization: ... mineralization [1] Page of Figure qRTPCR analysis of FGF-2 regulated genes associated with mineralization; qRTPCR analysis of gene reduction of genes over a 24 hours of treatment with FGF-2 shows ... expression of mineralizing genes Hughes-Fulford and Li Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2011, 6:8 http://www.josr-online.com/content/6/1/8 Figure qRTPCR analysis of gene induction of proliferation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... result of a specific sequential regulation of gene expression from the early phase of osteoblast proliferation to the final steps of mineralization Figure FGF-2 and BMP-2, the yin and yang of mineralization: ... mineralization [1] Page of Figure qRTPCR analysis of FGF-2 regulated genes associated with mineralization; qRTPCR analysis of gene reduction of genes over a 24 hours of treatment with FGF-2 shows ... expression of mineralizing genes Hughes-Fulford and Li Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2011, 6:8 http://www.josr-online.com/content/6/1/8 Figure qRTPCR analysis of gene induction of proliferation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... expression levels of 17 of the highest upregulated and 18 of the highest downregulated miRNAs in undifferenThe comparative expression levels of 17 of the highest upregulated and 18 of the highest ... leading cause of cancer in women in the US and the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancy in the western world [15] Cancer of the ovary represents about 30% of all cancers of the female ... 65 fold while that of Dicer decreases 2.6 fold and of eIF6 decreased less than fold upon differentiation of NTera2 cells In contrast, the level of differential expression of each gene is within...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... the accumulation of HIF-1α in cultured cells under conditions of hypoxia as well as in the liver and brain of hypoxic animals IKKβ links the hypoxic Hypoxia is a feature of sites of chronic inflammation, ... irritant-based model of colitis Development of specific PHDIs may be of particular use in the treatment of inflammatory disease, where recent studies using the PHDIs DMOG and FG-4497 resulted in profound protection ... avail of the benefits of PHDI in inflammatory disease HIF-1α activation under conditions of hypoxia is known to activate a number of epithelial barrierprotective genes [49] Maintenance of intestinal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... amount of 7α-OHDHEA is expressed as the percentage of 3H-labelled 7α-OHDHEA of the total amount of 3H-label measured Recoveries after extraction were in the range 85–95%, and identification of 7α-OH-DHEA ... chromatography The amount of 7α-OH-DHEA is expressed as the percentage [3H]-7α-OH-DHEA of the total amount of [3H]-label measured Results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of triplicate ... transducer and activator of transcription Discussion The findings of the present study suggest involvement of AP1 and NF-κB, but not of p38 or ERK1/2, in the TNF-αenhanced formation of the immunostimulating...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... is one of the rarest codons (8.7% of all serine codons and 0.45% of all 61 codons) The UCA codon is exclusively translated by the tRNA UGA [17] The genome of E coli has only one copy of this ... characteristics did not affect the fitness of the host cell We did find, however, that the extent of utilization of two particular codons (UCA and CAU) does correlate Page of 10 negatively with a cell’s ... investigate the effect of regions with less than optimal codons, for each gene we defined the ‘bottleneck’ as a region of a fixed number of codons, n, where the (harmonic) mean of the codons’ tAI...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... novel role of cyto- Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Hematology & Oncology 2008, 1:4 http://www.jhoonline.org/content/1/1/4 Figure Proposed mechanism of action of LA Proposed ... the expression of cyclins A, B and cdk1 expression and observed a dose-dependent down regulation of cyclin B1/cdk2 (Fig 2C) without a corresponding alteration in the expression of cyclin A (data ... fraction was calculated and shown as % of total cell population (B) Western blot analysis revealed down regulation of PARP expression at accompanied by appearance of 89 kDa cleaved PARP fragment in...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... expression and regulation of the underlying genes are well understood in V vinifera Little is known, however, about the regulation of the biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds in the berry skin of Norton ... expressed at some stages of berry skin development, but the Page 11 of 23 expression patterns of some of them were distinct between the two varieties (Figure 4) Expression profiles of MYBA1 and MYBA2 ... Norton in the regulation of PA biosynthesis The varietyspecific regulation of MYBPAs warrants further functional analysis of their regulatory elements Proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin profiles in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... light/dark cycle of 8/16 h, light intensity of 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 and temperature of 24/20°C Day one of growth is defined as the first day of exposure of stratified seeds to light Identification of genes ... a functional homolog of PHR1 named PHR1like (PHL) [25,37] As in the case of WT plants, addition of phosphite to Pi-deficient phr1 mutant led to the absence of induction of SULTR1;3 under Pi deficiency ... efficiency of amplification ≥ 1.85 PCR reactions were performed in a final volume of 25 μL containing 300 nM each of the forward and reverse primers, 12.5 μL of the SYBR green master mix and μL of a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21