regulation of cell functions through engineered biomaterials

... have focused upon the role of miRNAs in regulatory network of various cell signaling pathways We summarize the current knowledge of the interdependence of miRNA and cell signaling pathways, which ... leukemia cell line The finding that TPAinduced upregulation of miR-34a depends on the activation of the ERK signal cascade and that miR-34a downregulates MEK1, which is one of the main regulators of ... involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration [13] Recently, the mechanisms of transcription and the functional roles of miRNAs associated...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... responsible for cell cycle-dependent expression of the gene Surprisingly, deregulation of the promoter does not lead to loss of its activity but causes activation in resting cells and in G1 cells Therefore, ... identical to that of the CDE, with repression in resting cells and relief from downregulation later in the cell cycle Mutation of the CHR led to derepression of transcription in G0 cells [10] Genes ... promoters, mutation of the CHR leads to a more pronounced deregulation than the alteration of the CDE [40] Another gene tested for its cell cycle regulation is the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... down -regulation of CXCR4 from the cell surface CXCR4 down -regulation may be due in part to intracellular sequestering of HIV glycoprotein/ CXCR4 complexes Methods Cells and virus Cells of the ... C: CXCR4 staining of noninduced Jurakt cells Panel E and G: CXCR4 staining of induced Jurkat cells The fluorescent cell in panel G is representative of a minor population of cells in the induced ... down -regulation of cell surface CXCR4 expression There was a strong correlation between a lack of Env expression and expression of CXCR4 in cells of the induced cultures The distribution of CXCR4...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... [27] Figure of Control1 cell growth and viability in HL-60 cells by LA Control of cell growth and viability in HL-60 cells by LA (A) Cells were treated with 0, 1, 2.5 and mM LA and the cell numbers ... Effects of LA on cell cycle phase distribution and the expression of various cell cycle regulatory proteins in HL-60 cells Figure Effects of LA on cell cycle phase distribution and the expression of ... treated cells (D) The actin-adjusted level of bax and bcl-2 and changes in the ratio of bax to bcl-2 in HL-60 cells treated for 48 h with increasing dose of LA (E) Subcellular distribution of immunoreactive...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... ROLE OF P73 IN REGULATION OF CELL DEATH: SPECIFIC ROLE IN MITOTIC CELL DEATH AND POTENTIAL REGULATION OF CASPASE-2s TOH WEN HONG NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... methods 2.2.1 Tissue culture 2.2.1.1 Cell lines 2.2.1.2 Culture conditions of cell lines 28 39 39 39 39 ii 2.2.1.3 Subculturing of cells 2.2.1.4 Cryopreservation of cells 2.2.1.5 DNA transfections ... sequence of the caspase-2 gene contain in Del reporter construct 140 viii LIST OF FIGURES Fig 3.1: Cell cycle profile of taxol treated H1299 cells over time 68 Fig 3.2: Percentage population of taxol...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 21:21

... the importance of a tight balance between cell death and cell fate in maintaining GPCs 1.5 GSK3 REGULATION AND SIGNALING Physiological regulation of GSK3 activity by a number of upstream kinases43-46 ... consequence of the conditions employed in the xenograft model Despite the lack of ability of in vitro cultured stem celllike GPCs to reflect the actual transformational cell in tumorigenesis, these cells ... OF CONTENTS Page Number Acknowledgements i Table of Contents ii Summary viii List of Tables x List of Figures xii List of Abbreviations xv INTRODUCTION 1.1 Brain Tumors 1.1.1 Classification of...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 21:57

... metastasis through its ability to induce the expression of cellular adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis through the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and cell ... overexpressed ovarian cancer cells showed a suppression of malignant phenotypes, suggesting the role of miR-9 in the growth inhibition of malignant cells The fundamental function of miRNA is to regulate ... overexpression of miR-9 could suppress the colony formation activity of ES-2 cells These results were consistent with the MTT assay and further suggested that overexpression of miR-9 suppresses cell growth...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... defined, a number of T -cell- associated cell surface receptors/ligands, including CD69 [17], CD40L [18], CD11b and CD2, have been suggested of importance Histologically, T cells are often found in ... 37°C Cells are passed through a nylon mesh to exclude cell debris, washed and resuspended in RPMI (supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS) at a density of × 106 cells/ml Mononuclear cells ... After a further days of culture and replating, anti-CD3-activated T cells (Ttcr cells) and cytokine-activated T cells (Tck cells) were added at a lymphocyte:monocyte ratio of 7:1 After 18 hours,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... high levels of ROS Through additional mutations and adaptations, a cancer cell exerts tight regulation of ROS and antioxidants in such a way that the cell survives and the levels of ROS are reduced ... effect Only on closer examination of the full metabolic requirements of a cancer cell was the advantage of PKM2 expression revealed A cancer cell, like any normal cell, must obtain the building ... generation of energy in the form of ATP through aerobic glycolysis is required for unrestricted cancer cell proliferation7 However, studies of the M2 isoform of PK (PKM2) have shown that ATP...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 04:20

... vector-transfected cells and mutant HSS-expressing cells Similarly, CCCP-induced apoptosis was also inhibited by CsA Effect of HSS on alteration of wm Fig (A) The level of HSS RNA in the three types of cells ... (pcDNA3.0 alone) or wild-type cells (Fig 1A) Protein expression of HSS in the three cell lines (untransfected cells, vector-transfected cells, and HSS-expressing cells) was detected using western ... level of HSS-expressing cells fell to a low level, the relative amount of ATP in HSSexpressing cells was about 45% higher than that in vector-transfected cells, suggesting that HSS-expressing cells...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... exposure of HepG2 cells potentiates proliferation by a PI 3-kinasemeditated activation of the transcription factor activator protein AP-1 [22], corroborating a critical role of cell swelling for cell ... the cell cycle machinery and how cell shrinkage sensitizes cells to apoptotic stimuli requires further scientific effort Cell hydration may markedly affect the action of drugs For example cell ... execution of the apoptotic program Concluding remarks It is well acknowledged that cell volume fluctuations release signals of (patho)physiological relevance The understanding of how cell swelling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... and YN-1 erythroleukemia cells, Jurkat T-lymphocyte cells, KG1 myeloid cells, H146 small cell lung cancer cells, and HMV-II melanoma cells H146 small cell lung cancer cells were obtained from ... measurement of heme content is useful for evaluation of heme dynamics in cultured cells Role of heme metabolism in cellular heme content Regulatory role of free heme in expression of HO-1 To evaluate ... expression levels of HO-1 and HO-2 and cellular heme content The cellular heme content represents the sum of free heme and bound heme of various hemoproteins for maintenance of cellular heme contents...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... domain dysfunction Deletion of N-terminal, SH3 and SH2 domain of active n-Src Deletion of N-terminal, SH3 and SH2 domain of kinase-dead n-Src of PP3, the inactive form of PP2, had no such effect ... (7) (6) (7) (7) 40 60 Fig Effects of inactivation of the SH3 and SH2 domains on the Src regulation of NMDAR activity (A) NR1-1a ⁄ NR2A receptor-mediated whole -cell currents before and during PP2 ... activation of Src, but also to promote the enzyme activity of activated Src, which is important in the regulation of NMDARs by Src NMDARs NR1-1a ⁄ NR2A were co-expressed in HEK293 cells expressing...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:20

... earlier increase of Cyr61/CCN1 mRNA levels than those of Fig Stimulation of Cyr61/CCN1 gene expression by S1P (A) Relative mRNA levels of Cyr61/CCN1 in cells treated with S1P Cells were treated ... S1P-stimulated cells than in those from control cells indicating that a relatively modest transcriptional regulation of the CTGF/CCN2 gene occurred as compared to that of the Cyr61/CCN1 gene Specificity of ... of the c-fos gene, while endogenous levels of ATF-2 seem unchanged in cells treated with S1P vs nontreated cells consistent with the constitutive expression pattern of ATF-2 Immunodetection of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... to induce apoptotic cell death of the DT40 cell line, through depletion of ICAD [inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (CAD)] and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP2), and activation of caspase activities ... hematopoietic stem cells, in which all these functions are associated with cessation of early stages of B -cell differentiation [3,5] However, the expression of these factors is sustained throughout development ... pre-mature B -cell lines, but also the molecular mechanism of negative selection or development of B lymphocytes through cross-talk among B -cell signaling, B cell- specific transcriptional regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... dead cells, due to the loss of cell membrane integrity observed in both necrotic and apoptotic cells The long-term exposure of RIN-m5F cells to STZ at concentration of > 10 mm induced marked cell ... RIN-m5F cell line, a model currently used for the study of pancreatic cell death [21] RIN-m5F cells have been identified as continuous cell lines that retain many features indicative of these ... features of apoptosis include the activation of one or more cysteine proteases of the caspase family [23] To examine the possible involvement of caspase-3 in the STZ-induced cell death in RIN-m5F cells,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... regulation of HSPG mRNA expression in rat Sertoli cells The effects of FSH, main effector of Sertoli cell functions, and its second messengers (increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and intracellular ... excluded The binding of FSH onto specific receptors on Sertoli cells leads to an intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increase [27,28] In addition, the entry of extracellular calcium ... physiology of Sertoli cells is modified The cell proliferation decreases and ceases allowing the establishment of the hematotesticular barrier (BHT) at around day 20 postpartum Sertoli cells progressively...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... Exportation of Reproductive Cells The importation and exportation of egg cells remains unregulated in the majority of countries Figure Regulation of the Importation / Exportation of Reproductive Egg Cells ... EXPORTATION OF REPRODUCTIVE CELLS Member State Imports / Exports of Egg Cells BE Although the import/export of egg cells is unregulated, the use of embryos or stem cells reproductive cells for ... working on a system of registration for the bodies acting in the field of donation/storage of egg cells and sperm SI Article 10 of the Law governing the status of reproductive cell donation stipulates...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... signaling in multiple levels of regulation of cytokine production Itk and the regulation of cytokineproducing innate T -cell populations The contributions of TFKs to peripheral T -cell activation and effector ... the roles of cytokines in differentiation of CD4+ cells have been extensively studied, CD4+ T cells also need to be activated through their T -cell receptors in order to become effector cells Although ... amplification of expression of their master regulator GATA-3 For Th17 cells, transforming growth factor-b1 in the presence of IL-6 initiates differentiation of murine CD4 cells, leading to expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21