regulation of autophagy and mitophagy

... 15 of the Economic Zone Edict; Arts and 15 of the Environmental Edict; and Art 11 of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, June 1990, ‘On Measures of Securing the Implementation of ... owner of a vessel registered with a state party and carrying over 2,000 tons 87 88 89 90 91 92 94 95 See Arts 1(4), and 7(4) of the NSR Regulations; Art 14 of the Economic Zone Edict; and Art of ... shall establish periods and areas closed for navigation, and also other measures ensuring the safety of shipping and the prevention, reduction, and control of pollution of the marine environment...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 09:20

... tumorigenesis and genetic diseases [47] Most analyses of the regulation of AP-2 and the interactions of the transcription factor with binding partners, as well as of the regulation of target gene ... treatment of the chick face with RA, and this is accompanied by an increase in apoptosis [73] The authors of this study ascribe the regulation of outgrowth of limb buds and patterning of the digits ... A.-K Wenke and A.-K Bosserhoff stage of development They found that AP-2a, AP-2b, AP-2c and AP-2e are differentially expressed during the preimplantation period, and, with the exception of AP-2a,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... polymerases and components of the transcription machinery in the nucleus The role of actin in transcription and its regulation Actin is both a major cytoskeletal component of all eukaryotic cells and ... component of pre-mRNP particles, and is incorporated into pre-mRNAs by binding to a specific subset of RNA-binding proteins [4,22]; and (h) actin is a component of PICs and depletion of actin prevents ... actin monomers and prevents Rho-dependent nuclear accumulation of MRTF-A and SRF Actin and ABPs in transcription regulation activation [46], blocks the nuclear accumulation of MRTF-A and -B in the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... nucleus Regulation of gene expression by HIPPI Caspase Nuclear pore complex HIP1 Fig Possible mechanisms of regulation of transcription and apoptosis by HIPPI and HIP-1 in HD Interaction of HIP-1 ... transcription caspase-6, and caspase-3 Cleavage of Bid and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factors from the mitochondria are also observed Coexpression of wild-type htt exon and Hippi decreases ... models, brains of transgenic animals, and post-mortem brains of HD patients [2] Aggregate formation is enhanced with the increase in the number of glutamines in vitro and in vivo, and is believed...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... (Fig 10, lane and 2) and wild-type (Fig 10, lane and 4) strains bearing multiple copies of MRG19 and grown in the presence of glucose (Fig 10, lane and 3) and glycerol (Fig 10, lane and 4) It is ... Expression of Mrg19p as a function of cell density Wild-type cells transformed with multiple copies of MRG19 (lane and 3) and wild-type cells (lanes and 5) were allowed to grow to an OD600 of 0.5 and ... we monitored the rate of oxygen uptake in log and stationary phase cultures of wild-type and MRG19 disruptant cells The rate of oxygen uptake was increased in wild-type and MRG19 disruptant cells...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 08:20

... presence of VIP (lane 2), and that the combination of VIP and rolipram activates both CREB and ATF-1 upon LPS stimulation (lane 3) α VIP fails to modulate T-cell production of IL-10, TNF-α, γ and ... mouse, the augmentation of IL-10 and downregulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ results in a Th2 cytokine profile that is dependent on cell types present, differentiation status, and the activation stimulus ... cells, and synovial cells — all of which play an important role in the pathology of RA — and compare the findings with murine VIP data already published Materials and methods Reagents Capture and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... concentrations of the following: 25 ng/ml TNFα (gift from Dr W Stec, Centre of Macromolecular Studies, Lodz, Poland), 100 ng/ml IL-6 (gift from Dr P Ramage, Sandoz, Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) and ... production of high levels of chemokines in M-CSF-differentiated human monocytes (macrophages) Levels of both CC chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES) and CXC chemokines (IL-8, GROα and IP-10) ... RANTES and MCP-1 was unaffected (Figure 2c) This inverted pattern of utilization of NFκB for the T-cell contact-dependent induction of CC and CXC chemokines in monocytes is surprising and indicates...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... ranking of IGR length between chicken and human, and another for its fold change between mouse and human Comparison of fold changes of all-maternal one-to-one orthologs versus the set of all one-to-one ... Materials and methods) To compare the relative contribution of post-transcriptional regulation among different classes of maternal transcripts, we used the length of the 3' UTR as an estimate of the ... strict-zygotic, P < 10-4 and P < 10-3; the genome-wide set of all core and metazoan genes, P < 10-21 and P < 10-72) Similarity in regulatory architecture of maternal and zygotic genes across...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... to food and water ad libitum Both the housing and experimental use of animals followed the National Institutes of Health guidelines and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use ... WTs and R6/2s indicate saline treatment, and WTc and R6/2c indicate ceftriaxone treatment N refers to number of animals per group Genotype and CAG repeat length We used PCR for genotyping and ... analyses and genotyping, and helped with data interpretation BRM participated in study design, and helped with data collection and analysis GVR conceptualized and designed the study, and revised...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... on apoptosis and priming of oxidative burst activity We report differential effects of DFP on neutrophil apoptosis and priming of oxidative burst activity, reflected in suppression of constitutive ... adding 70 μL of 2.8 mM TMB in PBS and 60 μL of mM hydrogen peroxide After minute of incubation at room temperature, the reaction was blocked with 50 μL of stop solution (500 μL of 10 mM sodium ... μg/mL) and analyzed using a BD FACS CANTO Flow Cytometer Data were analyzed using BD FACS DIVA software A minimum of 10 000 events were collected and analyzed at excitation wavelength of 488 nm and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... on apoptosis and priming of oxidative burst activity We report differential effects of DFP on neutrophil apoptosis and priming of oxidative burst activity, reflected in suppression of constitutive ... adding 70 μL of 2.8 mM TMB in PBS and 60 μL of mM hydrogen peroxide After minute of incubation at room temperature, the reaction was blocked with 50 μL of stop solution (500 μL of 10 mM sodium ... μg/mL) and analyzed using a BD FACS CANTO Flow Cytometer Data were analyzed using BD FACS DIVA software A minimum of 10 000 events were collected and analyzed at excitation wavelength of 488 nm and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... PPAR ligands seen in pre-clinical models of efficacy and safety in the context of human health and disease Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: structure, ligands, expression and target ... PPARα ligands such as Wy-14,643, ciprofibrate and clofibrate are known to produce peroxisome proliferation and liver tumors in rats and mice [75,76] However, since PP belong to the class of carcinogens ... Pennie W, Hedley K, Soames A, Kimber I and Roberts RA Downregulation of Lactoferrin by PPARalpha Ligands: Role in Perturbation of Hepatocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis Toxicol Sci 2002, 68:304-313...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... a model of linear demand and supply and a 10.1057/9780230251250 - Regulation of Banks and Finance, Carlos M Peláez and Carlos A Peláez The Theory of Regulation and Finance 31 rectangle of gain ... and services by a system of simultaneous equations of demand functions by consumers, supply functions by producers, and identities of demand and supply The arguments of the demand functions of ... 10.1057/9780230251250 - Regulation of Banks and Finance, Carlos M Peláez and Carlos A Peláez The Theory of Regulation and Finance The sum of the inequalities results in the left-hand side of prices multiplying...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2014, 19:19

... mSin3A and HDAC1 in MEL and human T-ALL cells was linked to transcriptional repression and inhibition of erythroid differentiation (Huang and Brandt, 2000) The association between TAL1/SCL and mSin3A/ ... normal hematopoiesis and leukemia The methylation of histones on lysine and arginine residues by HMTs represents another level of gene regulation, and is probably the most complex of the epigenetic ... and more than 60 different fusion partners occur in a significant proportion of patients with AML and ALL (Daser and Rabbitts, 2005) Furthermore, an internal tandem duplication of MLL is one of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2015, 11:25

... types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA) Macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy hereafter in this thesis) is an evolutionarily conserved and regulated ... 1.2.2.4 Role of sphingolipids in autophagy 18 1.2.2.5 Role of cholesterol in autophagy .21 1.2.2.6 Role of DAG in autophagy 22 1.2.2.7 Role of Free Fatty Acids and lipotoxicity ... SCD-1 inhibition and blockage of autophagy sensitized the cell death response These results thus reveal a novel function of SCD-1 on regulation of autophagy via lipogenesis and the lipid rafts-Akt-FoxO1...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:29

... DNA damage is usually handled through induction of cell cycle arrest through the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, such as p21, and subsequent repair of the lesions To achieve ... p53, p73 and HIPK2 in apoptosis N Bitomsky & T G Hofmann Fig Regulation of DNA damage-induced cell death by p53 and HIPK2 Genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage facilitates activation of the DNA ... chemotherapeutics adriamycin, etoposide and cisplatin), the levels of Itch become reduced and allow the accumulation of p73 [53] p73 displays functions in apoptosis induction, and many of its pro-apoptotic target...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... Scientific Fund of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (G.T.); the Program for Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation ... of miR-221 and miR-222 in PC12 cells, and that this induction is dependent on sustained activation of the ERK1 ⁄ pathway [20] Furthermore, the induction of miR-34a depends on the activation of ... Indeed, several examples of feedback regulation that involve miRNAs have been reported Below, we attempt to summarize our recent understanding of feedback regulation of signal cascades that involve...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... reduces the affinity of 14-3-3 for Bax and Bad and translocation of Bax and Bad to mitochondria independently of caspase activation [77,87] Phosphorylation of caspases Phosphorylation of caspases switches ... apoptotic signal on and off Caspase activation is under the direct control of kinases and phosphatases, and the indirect control of phosphorylation through the regulation of other apoptotic proteins ... activity of an isoform of PP1, PP1a [3] Similarly, activation of caspase-8 and -3 is regulated through their phosphorylation and dephosphorylation Phosphorylation of caspase-8 at Tyr397 and Tyr465...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... cholesterol-enriched microdomains of the plasma membrane (caveolae), intracellular organelles, ligandindependent activation of growth factor- and cytokine receptors and autocrine stimulation of signal transduction ... metabolism and proliferation and provides cytoprotection, whereas cellular shrinkage leads to catabolism and insulin resistance and sensitizes cells to apoptotic stimuli The influence of cell volume ... activation of the p38-type MAPK and thereby inhibition of 5800 autophagic proteolysis [14] Thus, integrin-dependent cell volume sensing and signaling integrates into the overall context of insulin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... et al Redox regulation of RPTPs A B C D Fig Dimerization of LAR, RPTPl and RPTPa COS-1 cells were transiently co-transfected with (A) HA-tagged and ⁄ or Myc-tagged LAR, (B) HA-tagged and ⁄ or Myc-tagged ... of the cytoplasmic domains of these RPTPs These results suggest there is flexibility in the cytoplasmic domain of RPTPs, and are evidence against rigid conformations that prohibit regulation of ... on a 12.5% SDS-PAGE gel and blotted The blots were stained with Coomassie blue and protein bands of interest were cut out and sequenced by Edman degradation at Department of Lipid Chemistry, Utrecht...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20