regional vertical and seasonal distribution of precipitation

... place of water storage, thermal insulation and concentrated release of ions 1.2 Regional, Vertical and Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation 1.2.1 Annual Precipitation The regional distribution of ... than by elevation and decreases the mean monthly values of vertical gradients of precipitation given in Fig 1.3 1.2.3 Seasonal Variation of Precipitation The seasonal course of precipitation in ... significance of rain and snow for high alpine plants It describes the regional and local distribution of precipitation, its change with elevation and its seasonal course It emphasizes the importance of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... architecture of trees: main concepts and results, Ann For Sci 59 (2002) 723–752 [3] Dong X., Zhang X., Some observations of the adaptations of sandy shrubs to the arid environments in the Mu Us Sandland: ... between plants of the mesic site and those of the other two sites could be related to differences in sampling period [21] and/ or genetic differences Figure Vulnerability curves of stems of Austrocedrus ... on the south side of the trunk of each tree and covered with a radiation and rain shield to eliminate bias caused by radiation heating Measurements were carried out every 10 and stored in a datalogger...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... Interactions of nitrogen and carbon in the physiology of ectomycorrhizae Can J Bot 61, 964-984 Gerard J & Dizengremel P (1988) Properties of mitochondria isolated from greening soybean and lupin ... probable operation of the alternative pathway in mycorrhizal tissues The measurements, carried out on enzyme markers of the two cytosolic carbohydrate degradation pathways (glycolysis and pentose phosphate ... pathways (glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway) and the mitochondrial Krebs cycle, also showed profound changes (Table I) The some capacity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... water content of 40%, while the C0 difference of soils at the elevation of 1,600 m and 1,800 m was not significant However, this trend was not suitable for C0 at water contents of 20% and 60% At ... elevation of 2,000 m At 60% water content, the trend was a decrease at first, then it kept stable and increased at the elevation of 2,000 m Elevations of 800 and 2,000 were the source of differences ... soil organic matter of those elevations (Table 1) The partial influence of elevation and associated vegetation type and the effect of moistureelevation interaction on C0 and C0k indicated that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... 0.13 ± 0.03 b 3.4 Seasonal changes in content and partitioning of winter C and N in plants Winter C and N represent the amount of C and N assimilated during labeling time, part of which accumulated ... RSAC and RSAN decreased (Tab IV) as a consequence of continuous assimilation of new Remobilisation of stored C and N in cork oak 725 Table III Carbon (C) and Nitrogen concentration (N) and the ... harvest led to a decrease of N concentration in the whole plant and to a consequent increase of the C:N ratio 3.3 Seasonal changes of the relative specific allocation of C and N assimilated the previous...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... consequences of the expected gain in photoassimilated C on growth and on the patterns of C and N partitioning between sources and sinks of seedlings, and specifically addressed the following set of questions ... alter 1) the import of maternal C and N, 2) N uptake and assimilation, 3) partitioning of C and N between shoot and roots and 4) the time lapse prior to a complete independence of the seedling from ... seedling-seed system The C and N content of seeds decreased gradually until and then stabilized after this date A loss of about 78 % of C and of about 86 % of N was recorded on day 55 (figure 2)...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... sinks and food reserves of trees in temperate climates New Zealand J For Sci 10, 176 185 Gordon J.C & Larson P.R (1968) Seasonal course of photosynthesis, respiration, and distribution of !4C ... energetics of the nitrate reductase system have been the focus of many studies in crop plants and weeds (Smirnoff and Stewart, 1985; Andrews, 1986; Kelt- jens et al., 1986; Rufty and Volk, 1986; ... NH and N0 availa4 bility, the importance of maintaining an internal supply of N for growth and the importance of minimizing carbon costs of assimilation (Schulze, 1982; Chapin, 1983; Chapin and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... First, single strands of the promoter sequences of the A thaliana genes were randomized 200 times, the reverse complement of the randomized strand was determined, and the number of times the 33 ... alignment Despite this lack of similarity, we tested for the presence of CN1 and CN2 in the promoter of this gene; three copies of CN1 (p-value = 0.052) and one copy of CN2 (p-value = 0.389) were ... increase of amino acids as a result of feeding carbon, nitrogen and/ or CN To gain a better understanding of how the metabolism, energy and protein synthesis funcats are regulated by carbon and/ or...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... documenting the costs of downtime across industry verticals These costs range from millions of dollars per hour for brokerage operations and credit card sales, to tens of thousands of dollars per hour ... sophisticated and robust systems and facilities ■ Redesign of the overall IT architecture to adapt to this high availability model ■ Redesign of business processes ■ Hiring and training of personnel ... Causes of Downtime One of the challenges in designing an HA solution is examining and addressing all the possible causes of downtime It is important to consider causes of both unplanned and planned...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 13:15

... Estimated savings of $5m (USD) per year by avoiding manual cataloging and storing Preservation of and improved access to the national cultural heritage of The Netherlands Better, easier and faster access ... retention of information for the IT staff Software Integrated middleware and software for managing a wide variety of content Content collection, records management, classification and ediscovery/search ... for no single point of failure data integrity and "corruption correction" Auto-replication and encryption of all patient images Reduction in application down-time regardless of growth & migration...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 20:15

... with the degradation of hundreds of millions of hectares of land worldwide according to the FAO, and much farmland globally is assigned to non-food crops, suggesting that land availability is ... manufacture and application of agricultural inputs, processing, packaging, distribution and cold storage, preparing and serving, and disposing of waste Recent studies of the US food system [1,2] ... inputs and energy use efficiency, and (ii) the economic merits of cropping systems, consisting of input management methods and levels of cropping diversity Input treatments consisted of (i) high...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide obtained (1.5 g/L and 2.19 g/L) at the initial nitrogen concentration of 40 mM.[14] In the simultaneous production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide ... cultivation of P ginseng cells in balloon type bioreactors: role of oxygen supply on biomass and ginsenoside production Genetics and Appl., 2: 7-13 Choi K.T., I.O Ahn and J.C Park 1994b Production of ... Effects of nitrogen source on the production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide by cell cultures of P quinquefolium Pro Biochem., 33: 671-675 Liu S and J.J Zhong 1997 Simultaneous production of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... documenting the costs of downtime across industry verticals These costs range from millions of dollars per hour for brokerage operations and credit card sales, to tens of thousands of dollars per hour ... sophisticated and robust systems and facilities ■ Redesign of the overall IT architecture to adapt to this high availability model ■ Redesign of business processes ■ Hiring and training of personnel ... Causes of Downtime One of the challenges in designing an HA solution is examining and addressing all the possible causes of downtime It is important to consider causes of both unplanned and planned...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... degasification and recovery and oxidation of CH4 from ventilation air from coal mines Extended recovery and utilization, rather than venting, of associated gas Extraction and and improved control of unintended ... concentrations of BC, OC and O3 (largely through reductions in emissions of CO) The warming effect of BC and O3 and the compensating cooling effect of OC, introduces large uncertainty in the net effect of ... scientific understanding of how BC and O3 affect climate and public health has significantly improved This has catalysed a demand for information and action from governments, civil society and other...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 19:20

... hypercube sampling technique 429 law of multiplication 48 laws of probability 52 LCC see life-cycle costs Lebesgue logic 220 level of diversity 617 level of redundancy 52, 617 LIC see labelled ... probability distribution 14 probability distribution definition 675 probability function 225 probability generating function 633 probability law 52 probability of failure 20, 210 probability of failure ... principles 374 RAMS study 657 random failure 77, 94 random failure occurrence 613 random failure test 285 rapid risk ranking (RRR) 539 rated capacity 335, 400 Rayleigh distribution 204, 208 RBD see...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 10:20

... Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design Rudolph Frederick Stapelberg Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety ... examples of engineered installations that most of the problems stem from a lack of proper evaluation of their engineering integrity In determining the complexity and consequent frequent failure of ... Such breadth is represented by the topics of reliability and performance, availability and maintainability, and safety and risk, in an overall concept of designing for integrity during the engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 10:20

... 3.65 3.66 3.67 List of Figures Possibility distribution of young 152 Possibility distribution of somewhat young 152 Values of linguistic variable ... design solution of the layout of a gas cleaning plant 683 Schematic design model of the layout of a gas cleaning plant 683 Detail design model of the scrubber in the layout of a gas cleaning ... 66 Interaction of load and strength distributions (Carter 1986) 68 System transition diagram 74 Risk as a function of time and stress ...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 10:20

... control and instrumentation, incorrect spare parts lists, lack of proper identification of spares and facilities equipment such as manual valves and piping both on design drawings and on site, and ... of inherent systems functions and their related equipment The integrity of engineering design therefore includes the design criteria of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of ... wealth and growth of the economy, they bear a high risk in achieving their forecast profitability through maintaining budgeted costs Because of the complexity of design of these projects, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 10:20

... capabilities of the equipment In the case of MTBF and MTTR, there are no limits of capability Instead, prediction of the performance of equipment considers the effects of failure for each of the measures ... content of this handbook Such a comprehensive combination of depth and breadth of research resulted in the conclusion that certain methods and techniques are more applicable to specific phases of the ... and Safety The fundamental understanding of the concepts of reliability, availability and maintainability (and, to a large extent, an empirical understanding of safety) has in the main dealt with...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 10:20

... Assistance with and automation of complex tasks and activities of the design process where expertise is specialised and technical; • Strategies for searching in the space of alternative designs, and monitoring ... consideration of major design alternatives, and thus improves the quality of the result, the effectiveness of the design review process, and the integrity of the final design A class of AI tools ... growing number of unfulfilled promises and expectations about the capabilities of artificial intelligence seems to have damaged the credibility of AI and eroded its true contributions and benefits...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 10:20