recent breakthroughs in the evolution of intelligence

... of the c ring, respectively The C-terminal helices show a clear handedness, and two of the rings face in the opposite direction in the membrane to the other two, forming the same pattern as in ... ion-binding site Therefore, the c ring of A woodii has only 10 membrane-buried negative charges that are essential for binding the ion and also for the rotational mechanism of the ring The c ring ... in the AFM surface representation of Fig 2A By comparison with the 3D structure of the I tartaricus c ring [24], the black rings represent the view from the cytoplasm (open rings in AFM) and the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... method of localizing biologically active molecules in defined area on the electrodes Also the use of conducting polymers in the area of bioanalytical sciences is of great interest since their biocompatibility ... quantify the amount of protein binding sites in PPy nanowires [101] While a strategy for the fabrication of conducting polymer nanowires on thermally oxidized Si surfaces by the use of DNA as ... Whenever, there is a contact of these doped nanowires with the analyte, there are changes in the electrical characteristics The use of nanomaterials of CP could greatly improve diffusion since they...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06

... ion-binding site is not conserved in hairpin If one assumes the same number of hairpins in V0 and F0, the rotor of V1V0ATPases has only half the number of ion-binding sites This is seen as the ... specific ATPase activity of the complete enzyme was in the range 5–9.9 UÆmg)1 protein, depending on the batch This is in the same range as the one determined previously with the incomplete enzyme [25] ... potential (DpNa), there was no ATP synthesis (Fig 5) Upon addition of lm valinomycin, a membrane potential (DY, inside positive) was created in addition by the in ux of K+ into the liposomes (potassium...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... stress-free single crystal of the volume V, the strain energy release of the system occurs The strain energy release can change depending on the orientation of the stress-free crystal The strain ener ... [53] The Taylor factors and the measured stored energies indicate that the driving force for Rex is higher in the Cu oriented grains than in the S oriented grains Therefore, the Cu component in the ... Correspondence between the directions in as-deposited grains and the directions in Rexed grains is therefore im possible in a grain Two of the directions in neighboring grains, which are...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... DU TRONG TIẾN TRÌNH VĂN HỌC TRUNG ĐẠI” (NGUYỄN TRÃI AND NGUYỄN DU IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE MEDIEVAL LITERATURE) _ Thông tin giảng viên: Họ tên: Trần Nho Thìn Chức danh: PGS TS Giảng viên ... sách nghiên cứu NT nghiên ND cứu NT ND theo định Tuần Thời Hình gian, Nội dung Mục tiêu cần Sinh viên thức địa điểm đạt chuẩn bị Đọc Hướng Thư dẫn sinh Sinh viên tự học SV nắm học liệu viện, nhà ... dung Mục tiêu cần Sinh viên thức địa điểm Đưa chọn từ đạt Sinh viên biết tư chuẩn bị Chuẩn bị Thảo giờ, đề xuất sinh độc lập, biết tập cá luận lớp viên vấn đề, đề tìm vấn đề nhân Sinh viên rèn khả...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:21

... Over the past couple of years advances have been made in the understanding of the involvement of T cells in the immunopathology of autoimmune diseases, with a focus on proinflammatory cytokine ... that the proapoptotic protein Bid, an intermediary for the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, is important in the development of inflammatory arthritis Mice lacking Bid display increased ... O isoforms, which are targets of the PI3 kinase/PKB signalling pathways and play emerging roles in the regulation of inflammatory responses The Forkhead box class O isoforms are expressed in RA...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... and C elegans (total of 98,695 introns) for TE insertions to determine the percentage of TE-containing introns (Figure 2a) The fraction of the introns that contain TEs in the non-mammalian vertebrates ... (Const.) The table on the right shows the numbers of exonized TEs in each of the examined species (b) Summary of the effect of TE insertions into the first or last exons (i) Illustration of insertion ... respectively The grey boxes show insertion of TEs into exons The TE family is indicated beneath the gray box, along with the length of each inserted TE Lengths of the introns and exons flanking the inserted...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... appeared at the root of the bilaterian tree, and domains involved in lipid catabolic process appeared during the evolution of the first chordates On the other hand, domain losses during animal evolution ... to the functions of lost and gained domains enabled us to obtain a more detailed view of the interplay between domain losses and gains (Tables and 4) Within an overall increase in domains involved ... section) The first finding is that the functional profiles of sets of domains lost and gained at most branching points differ drastically: on the path leading from the LECA to mammals, domains with...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... identified This finding demonstrates the complexity of these regulatory path­ ways and the inherent difficulties of precisely defining them in the laboratory FOXP2 in the brain The expression of FOXP2 ... brainstem responses [32] in heterozygous pups In song-birds, it has been reported that reducing the expression of FoxP2 in an area of the brain necessary for vocal learning can interfere with the ... ‘humanizing’ them at the locus), this resulted in an altered structure of innate pup vocalizations, decreased levels of exploration, decreased levels of dopamine in the brain and an increased...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... study the mechanism of antiHIV-1 integrase Evidence suggests that curcumin does not bind to HIV-1 integrase at either the DNA-binding domain [58] or the binding site of another HIV-1 integrase inhibitor, ... HIV-1 integrase is the enzyme that catalyzes the integration of the doublestrained DNA of HIV into the host chromosome [54] Curcumin inhibited this activity of HIV-1 integrase [54] Other classes of ... phytohematoglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were examined in the presence of AZT, curcumin, and turmerin In infective assays, neither turmerin nor curcumin of a phenolic OH group for the anti-oxidant...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... focused on the ontogenetic and phylogenetic origin of the tissue from the dorsal area of the ancestral chordate neural tube Along these lines, the rewiring of the genes involved in the neural ... emergence in the neural crest relates to the rate of innovation in other tissues, we plotted the cumulative number of genes appearing in each category In these graphs, the tissue-specific evolutionary ... crest evolution in particular Individual analysis of the function of these peptides during the development of the neural crest demonstrates that they control the commitment of precursors to the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... (PB2, PB1, PA) of the 1918 A/ H1N1 virus were of avian origin, since they are outside of the spectrum of the A/H1N1 folding energies and in the lower spectrum of folding energies of all human viruses ... at the nucleotide level, only one of them was used in the analysis As we explained above, the choice of focusing on the ORF was dictated by the fact that the majority of the sequences in the ... correlation with the measured MLD50 values (R = -0.97) The effect of the folding energy on the evolution of the virus appears to be independent of the concurrent amino acid changes in the polymerase...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... contribution from the shock to the retail interest rate at the end of the period (of around 37 basis points in February 2011), which probably reflects the recent increase in the financing costs of Belgian ... job of showing the relevance of Euribor during the crisis period for savings deposit rates and the instability of the model estimated using the OIS, as was the case for the euro area However, the ... the start of the crisis Conversely, in the case of the model estimated using the OIS, both the increase and decrease in the retail interest rate are principally due to the shock to the retail...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 05:20

... threats in training, not only in air but also in space and cyber operations • extending integrated air warfare training to the surface and subsurface Navy • enlisting the real-time involvement of ... commander of the Navy’s Second Fleet, such integration “is now a part of the culture” of U.S combat aircrews, regardless of whether the wings they wear on their uniforms are made of silver or gold.3 In ... blending Marine F/A-18A and C squadrons into Navy carrier air wings as a matter of standard practice.6 Finally, in the realm of doctrine, there was an emergent Navy acceptance of the value of strategic...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... encoding the two motifs of the C-terminal domain The crygn gene is thus a hybrid of b and c crystallin gene structures, apparently an intermediate in the evolution of the c-crystallins from the ... part of a suite of molecular adaptations in the eye in the human lineage In addition to the evolution of cN and cS crystallins, even more specialization in the c-crystallins has occurred with the ... encodes the first two structural motifs, and hence the N-terminal domain of the protein, just as in the genes for cS and cA–F However, the second half of the gene has the structure of a b-crystallin...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 05:20

... is in the West," were associated in the minds of the Egyptians as the protecting deities of Abydos The worship of these gods as the chief Southern deities of the dead, and the preeminence of the ... like those of the old Memphite kings These facts, of the situation of Itht-taui, of their burial in the southern an ex of the old necropolis of Memphis, and of the fori of their tombs (the true ... Tablets," and the "Great Tell," and, rising as they in the centre of the site, they mark the position of the temples and the other principal buildings of the city CHAPTER IV 51 An indication of the richness...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... Second, we examine the evolution of host choice Recently a phylogeny was constructed of the genus Phyllonorycter that includes all the (British) hosts of the Achrysocharoides included in our phylogeny ... Rosales (a), Sapindales (b) and Fabaceae (c) include these in a future study to investigate the number of colonisations of herbs by these wasps Interestingly, the only upper surface leaf miner parasitoid ... ancestral host of Achryso- chroides Regarding the effect of taxa sampling on the reconstruction of reproductive strategies, although the biology of most species in other parts of the world is less...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... objectivity Recent Large Service Acquisitions in the Department of Defense Lessons for the Office of the Secretary of Defense FRANK CAMM IRV BLICKSTEIN JOSE VENZOR Supported by the Office of the Secretary ... time to determine how well they work in practice The case studies offer the best insight into the execution of the two oldest acquisitions, the Army BSC and R2CSR programs For the other four acquisitions, ... (FFRDC) sponsored by the iii iv Recent Large Service Acquisitions in the Department of Defense Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, and the defense agencies...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... because of the alternative costs of verifying “each sack of purchased flour” and of employing “persons in devising methods of detecting the new modes of adulteration which might be continually ... on the investment of acquiring new customers There might also be benefits from the change in the long-term behaviour (e.g increased loyalty) of existing customers The problem of asymmetric information ... be shrinking over time (due to the increasing cost of time and memory in the mt The household production function) Thus there is a tendency that nt rest of the quality characteristics of the product...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20