reasons for variation in solar radiation reaching the earth
Achieving Effective Social Protection For All In Latin America And The Caribbean - From Right To Reality doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 16:21
... additional informality will depend on the relative productivity
of the formal and informal sectors. If productivity (and, therefore, wages)
in the formal sector are much higher than those in the informal ... that they
do not incentivize informality in the labor market.
ã Strengthening active labor market programs (ALMPs), to improve the
relevance of training programs, and increase the efficiency of the ... pension
guarantee in Brazil and the minimum pension in Chile (before the
2008 reform) illustrate this point. In each case, the amount of subsidy
depends (inversely) on the value of the contributory...
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Financing energy efficiency and climate change migration a guide for investors in belarus, bulgaria, kazakhstan, the russian federation, and ukraine new york geneva, 2005
Ngày tải lên :
04/06/2014, 16:24
... privatization.
1.35
Investment climate
The Law on Foreign Investment adopted in
2001
sets the principal guidelines regulating
foreign investment activity
in
Kazakhstan. It provides foreign investors ... holding investment back is the lack of certainty for the
investor in receiving its returns. The lack of certainty is caused by the western view that
political instability exists and by the ... on the part of the local authorities.
The
law contains no explicit discriminatory
provisions against foreign investors. On the contrary, they are entitled to certain benefits.
In
2002
the...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Development of a patient reported outcome measure for fatigue in Motor Neurone Disease: The Neurological Fatigue Index (NFI-MND)." pot
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 15:20
...
Implications for practice and research
The summary scale for the MND-NFI is suitable for use in both a clinical and research
settings. Given fit to the Rasch model, the raw score is sufficient for identifying ... functioning is used to examine contextual factors for invariance, preventing such
factors being a source of confounding effect in the phenomenon being measured.
Item Category Thresholds
The Rasch ... complete. The thirteen items of the MND-NFI are
now more suitable for clinic administration and further work may usefully examine the
validity of the MND-NFI for clinician administration, as well as...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Determinants of agreement between self-reported and parent-assessed quality of life for children in Germany - Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 15:20
... questionnaire together then there is a lower change of
underestimating the quality of life in the sectors ‘Self-esteem’, ‘Friends’ and in the
‘Total’ score than if the mother answers the questions ... pairs, because only for the 11- 17 years olds, the
KINDL-R questionnaire is presented in parallel for self-reporting and proxy
assessment.
The KINDL-R
KiGGS included the KINDL-R questionnaire ... coefficients for the KINDLR in this study and also in the study by Jozefiak
et al. [8] were higher than for the PedsQL [9], and they are comparable with the
values of KIDSCREEN [15] or TACQOL [7] for...
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The reasons for your study of English and the waysyou have been learning it doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/07/2014, 04:20
... learning it
with great zeal and avidity.
The reasons for your study of English and the ways
you have been learning it
The reasons for your study of English and the ways
you have been learning ... during the period of
founding the nation and defending it against foreign
invaders if I am not able to obtain any knowledge, any
words on this domain?
After French, English is a living ... it up in the
“Every man’s English Pronouncing Dictionary” by Daniel
Jones, a very precious dictionary for English beginners.
Being aware of the preeminence of the English language
in every...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Veterinary decision making in relation to metritis - a qualitative approach to understand the background for variation and bias in veterinary medical records"
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2012, 10:45
... on the subjects and the
observed [9]. However, we acknowledge the risk of influ-
ential interaction between the interviewer and the inter-
viewed during the interviews that could influence the
statements ... primarily followed their own
definitions of different scoring values, such as excluding
certain scores (see examples in table 1). They find the def-
initions incorrect. If the veterinarian strictly ... observations and the indi-
vidual veterinarians' perceptions expressed in their local
context. Our basis for the model is thus the empirical data
and not an initiating general theory or hypothesis....
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The global dimension of water governance: Nine reasons for global arrangements in order to cope with local water problems potx
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 00:20
... also refers to the use of water for rice
production in Thailand (insofar as the rice is exported to the Netherlands for consumption there). The water
footprints of people are increasingly externalised ... of the global economy would obviously require international coordination.
2.3. Multinationals in water supply
The past decade has shown a growing presence of multinationals in the drinking ... enlarges their water
footprint. The average meat consumption in the United States for instance is 120 kg/yr, more than three times
the world average. The water used to produce the feed for the animals...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Increases in solar conversion efficiencies of the ZrO2 nanofiber-doped TiO2 photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells" pot
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 17:20
... TiO
2
film had the best dye
loading, and also, its solar conversion efficiency was the best among the samples.
In order to determine the factors that influence the stability of the DSSCs, electrochemical ... Ω/cm
2
, Pilkington conductive glass, Seoul, South Korea) by squeeze
printing. The coated photoelectrode was heat treated at 450°C for 30 min with a heating rate
of 5°C/min. The obtained photoelectrode ... Solaronix) was
coated onto the FTO glass by the squeeze printing method. The coated paste was heat treated
at 450°C for 30 min with a heating rate of 5°C/min.
The electrolyte solution consisted...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 1 pot
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... concentration in the unit volume of the air .
Contents
1 SolarRadiationintheAtmosphere 1
1.1 Characteristics of the Radiation Field in the Atmosphere 1
1.2 Interaction of the Radiation and the Atmosphere ... Leipzig
Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin
Binding: Stein +Lehmann, Berlin
Printed on acid-free paper 32/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0
2 Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere
Fig. 1.1.Tothe definitionof theintensityand ... ways to minimizing the errors have been
scrutinized. The methods of the data processing for o btaining the characteris-
tics of s olar radiation in the energetic units are elucidated. The examples...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 2 ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... are taking into
account that the enhancing of emitted energy within the elementary volume
could occur also owing to the scattering of external radiation coming to the
28 Solar Radiation in the ... transfer (1.33) in
conformity with shortwavesolarradiationintheEarthatmosphere. Within the
shortwave spectral range we o m it the heat atmospheric radiation against the
solaroneandseemtohavetherelation
ε ... and substituting it to the formula of the link between the flux
and intensity (1.5) it is possible to obtain Beer’s Law for the solar irradiance
incoming to the horizontal surface at the level z:
F
d
(z)...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 3 doc
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... main
partofthesolardownwellingirradianceinaclearsky.Thepitchinfluenceon
the accounting of direct radiation in the measured irradiance was obviously
owing to the deviation of the angle of the solar ... carrying out using
thelightconductor.Thecalibrationresultwastheratioofthecalculatedlamp
energy (incoming to the instrument input slit) to the output signal of the in-
strument. This ratio was the ... flight
conditions in uence the measurement results too. Certainly, the accuracy of
the instrument on board was increasingly worse than the accuracy of the same
instrument in the laboratory. The deviation of the...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 4 potx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... irradiance:
solar radiation decreases owing to the radiation extinction in the atmosphere.
For the upwelling irradiancethis effect pointstothe predominanceofscattering
processes over absorption processes in the ... above the Kara-KumDesert, the points show the altitudes of the measurements
variation of the solar zenith angle during the detailed descent for obtaining the
altitudinal dependence of the irradiance ... to link with non-ideal weather conditions together
with the errors during the registrations.
The spectral region is excluded from the further processing when there are
lessinformativepointsinit.Thus,Fig.3.9demonstratesasoundingofhigh
quality....
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 5 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... in, cloud cover.” The linear dependence of the cloud
radiative forcing upon the cosine of the solar zenith angle in the Arctic has
been revealed in the study by Minnet (1999).
The impact of the ... during the 10-minute period. The transmitted radiance for
different azimuth angles and for the one viewing angle varying in the range of
the measurement error was averaged in the data processing.
During ... existence
of the uniform limit (converging to the solution) in the con tinuous function
space. In the case of the analytical solution, its analysis for the continuity is not
complicated. Further, the...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 6 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... Assume for brevity the linear case of
the formulas and then automatically apply the obtained results to the algorithm
recommended for the nonlinear inverse problems.
The method of the incorrect inverse ... matrix of
the irradiance uncertainties obtained at the second stage of the processing of
the sounding results in Sect. 3.3. The uncertainties of the retrieved parameters,
while solving the inverse ... obstacle in the interpretation of
the satellite observations of the diffused solar radiance.
In addition to the listed problems, there is a general difficulty for the inverse
problems solving – the...
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Short-Wave Solar Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere Part 7 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
05/08/2014, 21:21
... A). In the case of using the solar irradiance observations, value A
could be inferred by dividing the upwelling irradiance by t he downwelling one
at the bottom of the cloud. In the case of the ... characterized with the
same properties, as the form ulas for the irradiances are.
The expressions proposed here, constitute the set of formulas for solving
the inverse problem in the case of radiation ... mention the main points of deriving the formulas defining pa-
rameters s
2
and τ
from the irradiances observations within the cloud. The
cloud sublayer adjusting the cloud top is described by the...
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