radio resource management in lte

... centres, in order to achieve centralised processing, collaborative radio, real-time cloud computing * Correspondence: sina.khatibi@inov.pt Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto ... replacement by VMs in data centres provide high flexibility, resource efficiency, and cost reduction Modelling of virtual radio resource management The management hierarchy of virtual radio resources ... Rushil, Cloud computing in mobile networks - case MVNO, in Proc of ICIN’11 - 15th international conference on intelligence in next generation networks, Berlin, Germany, 2011 A Klein, C Mannweiler,

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2022, 08:53

... ADVANCED TOPICS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA ADVANCED TOPICS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA Zhejiang University is one of the leading universities in China In Advanced Topics in Science ... flexible QoC management in dynamic environments with uncertainty in resource availability A number of new approaches to flexible management of the computing and/or communication resources in Real-Time ... and most cutting-edge theories, techniques, and methodologies in various research areas in China It covers all disciplines in the fields of natural science and technology, including but not limited

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 18:47

... ballooning cases or hypervisor swapping in the swapping cases Since SPECjbb is an extremely memory intensive... sampling rate can be adjusted by changing Mem.SamplePeriod in ESX advanced settings ... machine is in a resource pool, the resource pool configuration is also taken into account when calculating... largely determined by the virtual machine memory hit rate In this instance, ... physical pages inside the virtual machine and pins them, as shown in Figure 6 (b). Here, “pinning” is achieved through the guest operating system interface, which ensures that the pinned pages

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 15:20

... Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IFR Increasing Failure Rate IM Inter-Modulation IMT International Mobile Telecommunications IntServ Integrated Service IP Internet Protocol IPA In? ??nitesimal ... System IPoS Internet Protocol over Satellite ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISI Integral Satcom Initiative ISLs Inter-Satellite Links ISN Interactive Satellite Network ISO/OSI International ... Quality Index RCS Return Channel via Satellite RCST Return Channel Satellite Terminal RED Random Early Detection RF Radio Frequency RHC Receding Horizon Control ler RLC Radio Link Control RNC Radio

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... time-frequency resources (according to an MF-TDMA air interface) to the requesting terminals. The Return Channel Satellite Terminal (RCST) transmission capacity is constrained. According to the standardization, ... encoding (outer Reed-Solomon coding, convolutional interleaver, inner convolutional encoding, puncturing), base-band shaping of impulses, and QPSK modulation. The resulting DVB-S transmissions via ... air interface. The RCST is responsible for analyzing, estimating and requesting the needed capacity for uplink transmissions (DAMA case), and for distributing the allocated capacity to the internal

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... signaling information; an interesting method has emerged from the following papers [40]-[43], where a ‘global coordinator’ of the different layers is considered allowing to acquire status information ... and layer independence may lead to non-optimal performance in IP-based next-generation satellite communication systems. Finally, since both radio and power resources are strongly constrained on ... to include alternative families of lower layer air interfaces [33]. A Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM) network is divided into 5 domains, as specified in ETSI TR 101 984 [32]: • User Domain,

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... optimization of resource management have been investigated; resource management schemes are strongly related to the traffic. For example, supporting high bit-rate switched traffic over the radio interface ... traffic over the radio interface and maintaining the QoS requested by single applications put new requirements on resource management. In addition to the variation in the demands due to the multimedia ... of determining Super-frame Length (SL), when allocating the return channel resources to the capacity requests from satellite interactive terminals. A main purpose of this method is to minimize

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... the resource requests, modeling the fundamental resource allocation algorithm and modeling the processing of individual resource requests. In [58], the authors focus on modeling and evaluating ... appropriate terminal and network Inter-Working Units (IWUs), aiming at integrating the GPRS and the UMTS segments; • Implementation, integration and testing of a demonstrator including three segments: ... constellations. Blocking a new call is surely better than dropping an in- progress call; regardless of the CAC procedure used, the criterion is maintaining active calls in progress and blocking new calls

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... satellites in the Internet world. Satellite solutions are being used for both broadcast/multicast applications and point-to-point services. End-user access combines multicast and point-to-point services ... in [66]; among them, RRM research topics are addressed in various points of the ISI research vision. In particular: (i) cross-layer design of RRM techniques, with cross-layer information coming ... best results are obtained with the cooperation of the protocols operating at different architectural layers, i.e., through a cross-layer approach, while maintaining the principle of layer separation.

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... domain of operation. It also monitors the edges for incoming and outgoing resource reservations/utilization. The information thereby acquired is used in conjunction with the policy system information ... [10]: both IntServ and DiffServ endow the routers with QoS mechanisms, such as queuing, scheduling and shaping, as illustrated in Figure 3.2. These mechanisms are implemented in the router interfaces. ... delay constraint. In principle, an essentially error-free delivered information is the only requirement for applications in this category. However, there is still a delay constraint, since data

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... managing inter-domain communications with neighbor QoS brokers, so that QoS-enabled transport services are implemented in a coordinated way across various domains. Since IntServ requires resource ... depending on both the available resources and the kind of application involved. In general, interface selection can be network-initiated or terminal-initiated. In the first case, the network operator ... QoS capabilities depending on the available resources. In the case of multicast and broadcast services, terminal-initiated interface selection seems the natural approach, since it would be too

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... obtained by using the optimal Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) for a particular BER. In [8], it is shown that an 18-25% throughput gain may be obtained by increasing the frame length, depending on radio ... heterogeneity adapting themselves, for instance in “layered” video, sending only detailed layers when the available bandwidth is high, for instance in downlink satellite links. As aforementioned, ... obtained in an NGN prototype and check the differences. Two kinds of tests were performed: the first was intended to characterize application behavior in terms of bandwidth needs (including burstiness);

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... transmission rate being used at the link layer. Moreover, the network layer can gain by looking both up and down the stack in order to obtain route diversity and multilink routing, where the routing algorithm ... is maintained for the IP-level queues [i.e., those corresponding to Expedited Forwarding (EF), Assured Forwarding (AF) and Best Effort (BE) services within a given Earth station]. The remaining ... index nor any characterization of the traffic sources. A cross-layer radio resource management problem involving network and MAC layers has been extensively considered in [29],[41], and [42]. In

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... efficient satellite resource utilization and acceptable user QoS levels require a consistent, controllable and flexible Radio Resource Management (RRM) scheme. The interest is here in managing packet data ... available resources [48]. Cross-layering is aimed to optimize bandwidth allocation, and to provide for low CDP for reliable handovers and acceptable CBP for new calls, while maintaining high resource ... distinct QoS requirements. As a response, hybrid protocols have been proposed, combining diverse resource allocation mechanisms for different traffic types. For instance, to support real-time inelastic

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... transport channels SCH Downlink Synchronization (spot search) AICH Downlink Acquisition indicators (random access results) PICH Downlink Paging indicators MICH Downlink MBMS indicators Physical Channels ... called PRMA with Hindering States (PRMA-HS) has been proposed in [11]. In this PRMA version, the UT employs a more aggressive behavior in the contending state by continuously reattempting random access ... the UMTS air interface, since it is used not only for initial channel access to the network (e.g., call origination, paging response and registration messages), but also for sending short data

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... quality (interpreted in this context in terms of E b /I 0 ) increases for GOOD and decreases for BAD channel conditions. Likewise, if the information rate is kept constant, maintaining the same ... positive if the flow is lagging and negative if the flow is leading. In principle, flows are scheduled according to STFQ; however, if a flow i in error channel has allocated resources, the scheduler ... terminals having backlogged packets. Detailed examples of these techniques are reported below referring to the UMTS scenario. Packet scheduling in UMTS In case of CDMA cellular systems, the resources

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... (thus incurring in packet losses due to channel state 2 Video packets exceeding the deadline are dropped; while, Web packets exceeding their deadline are sent anyway since they are related to interactive ... flavors of resource management strategies: code-multiplexing and multi-code operation. By means of code-multiplexing, several UEs can be scheduled in the same TTI, thus enhancing the resource utilization. ... SCHEDULING TECH. 145 by the HSDPA interface in addition to the specific characteristics of satellite links. HSDPA has a sort of hybrid TDM/CDM air interface, where packet scheduling can be done in

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... For instance, if there is only one multicast member in the cell, it is not worth to use a common channel since a common channel needs additionally a return link dedicated channel for maintaining ... desired flexibility in updating/enhancing the system throughout its life and is accompanied by reduced technology and investment risks. In build-up areas such as in urban and indoor environments, ... due to the point-to-multipoint nature of the services, i.e., the decisions regarding the scheduling of a single service data flow need to consider the state of multiple links corresponding to all

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 19:20

... A, 3 km/h selective combining and increasing the number of received radio links provides reduction in the transmitted power in- dependently of the combining technique. In Figure 8, for the reference ... combining concept consists of re- ceiving redundantly the same information bearing signal over two or more fading channels, and combine these mul- tiple replicas at the receiver in order to increase ... combining (SC) and maxi- mal ratio combining (MRC). 4.1. Selective combining Figure 4 shows a scheme of how selective combining oper- ates at the receiver side. With SC the path/branch yielding the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... issues as well as train- ing programs at the local levels to enhance human resource management capacity. Issues relating to financial constraints, infrastructure and poor working environment must ... for human resource management in the health facilities. The doctor is appointed by the head of the policlinic, and the head of the policlinic is appointed by the Ministry of Property Management. ... unemployment in Georgia may complicate these findings since health care workers may be afraid of losing their jobs. However, anecdotal reports suggest that providers in Georgia attempt to find alterna- tive...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20