questions on time complexity of algorithms

... quantita- tive version is established (in the sense that one bounds explicitly the number of exceptional subspaces). We now turn to the proof of Theorem 5. Keep the notation and the assumptions of this theorem. ... morphism of constant length, we get, on the one hand, that |U n | |V n | ≤ |W 1 | 1+|W 2 | ≤ r − 1 and, on the other hand, that σ n (u) is a prefix of V n of length at least 1/r times the length of ... every element of Q(β) ∩(0, 1) has an eventually periodic β-expansion. 5. Proofs of Theorems 1 to 4 We begin by a short proof of Theorem 2. Proof of Theorem 2. Let a =(a k ) k≥1 be a non-eventually...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... of dis- continuities. Many types of discontinuous con- stituents exist in text independently of any trans- lation. Simard et al. (2005) give examples such as English verb-particle constructions, ... links from each of these words to NULL. Second, if n words on one side of the bi- text aligned to m words on the other side with m > n then we added NULL links for each of the words on the side ... data 4 http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/GenPar 980 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the ACL, pages 977–984, Sydney, July 2006. c 2006 Association for Computational Linguistics Empirical...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... 138 10 Decision trees 143 10.1 Algorithms using decision trees 143 10.2 The notion of decision trees 146 10.3 Nondeterministic decision trees 147 10.4 Lower bounds on the depth of decision trees ... tapes. Thus, we assigned a configuration of T to each configuration of the computation of S. 14 2 Algorithmic decidability 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, we study the question: which problems can ... function. An online Turing machine contains, besides the usual tapes, two extra tapes. The input tape is readable only in one direction, the output tape is writeable only in one direction. An online...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 02:00

... detection of process deviations and prompt modification of reaction conditions are key to achieving the best control of chemical reactions. However, this demands techniques that are suited for real -time, ... addition of acrylonitrile (shown in Fig. 2) demonstrate the wealth of valuable information provided about ongoing chemical reactions by EESI-MS. At the beginning of the reaction, the protonated ... John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Obtaining comprehensive information on chemical reactions is crucial for the characterization of reaction mechanisms as well as the maximization of production efficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... allowing uncontrolled growth at the nonequilibrium T f . This leads to the detection of a nonzero TH value at time zero (0 h of annealing). The height and curvature of the convex ice front are defined ... value reflects the fraction of ice-bound AFPs on the flat ice plane. Indeed, TH increases in proportion with the total concentration of nfeAFP8, as can be seen in Fig. 3A. The fraction of AFPs on the flat ice ... time- dependent amplification of TH explains the detection of a higher TH value at the slower cooling rate, it may be concluded that the time of annealing is an essential influence on the TH value of nfeAFP8. For...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... e 3 ) = 0. Extensions The subsumption of Petri nets is not innocuous, as it allows to derive lower bounds on the computational complexity of MLIGs. Among several extensions of Petri net with ... Computational Complexity We study in this section the complexity of sev- eral decision problems on MLIGs, prominently of emptiness and membership problems, in the general (Section 4.2), k-bounded (Section ... the control word p 1 p 2 · · · p p is a permutation of a member of W ∗ and the dominance relations of W hold in the as- sociated derivation tree. The language L(G) of an UVG-dl G is the set of...

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Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... multi-stage process of cancer progression explains its long latent period. Exposure to strong radiation may initiate the process by inducing mutations to create an oncogene. One oncogene alone is unable ... patterns of cancer incidences vary greatly across countries. Natives of Japan had high rates of stomach but low rates of colon cancer. Natives of Hawaii had high rates of colon but low rates of stomach ... alleviation of harsh conditions lengthened life expectancy, first of the aristocracy then of the general population. A subtle and complex disease, it was difficult to diagnose. Identification of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 01:20

... Bohner, M, Peterson, A: Advances in Dynamic Equations on Time Scales. Birkhauser, Boston (2003) 23. Bohner, M, Peterson, A: Dynamic Equations on Time Scales. An Introduction with Applications. Birkhauser, ... seen as a generalization of that in ordinary differential equations. Recently, the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for nonlinear differential equations on time scales have been ... positive solutions; cone; multi-point; boundary value problem; time scale. 1 Introduction The study of dynamic equations on time scales goes back to its founder Hilger [1], and is a new area of still...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... Then, the condition f ∈ R  (g, I) is equiva- lent to each one of the following items: (i) f is a monotonic function on I; (ii) f is a continuous function on I; (iii) f is regulated on I; (iv) ... problems on time scales. Nonlinear Anal. 44, 527–535 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0362-546X(99)00290-4 5. Anderson, D, Avery, R, Henderson, J: Existence of solutions for a one dimensional p-Laplacian on time- scales. ... Δ?Δ?-integral conditions, resonance, time scales 1 Introduction Hilger [1] introduced the notion of time scales in order to unify the theory of continu- ous and discrete calculus. The field of dynamical...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... boundedness of solutions of certa in delay dynamic equations on time scales. Feng et al. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:29 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/29 Page ... new bounds for so lutions of certain dynamic equations on time scales will be derived in the following examples. Example 1: Consider the delay dynamic integral equation on time scales u p (t )=C ... University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China 2 School of Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China Authors’ contributions QF carried out the main part of this article....

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... Advances in Dynamic Equations on Time Scales,Birkh ¨ auser, Boston, Mass, USA, 2003. 5 M. Bohner and S. H. Saker, “Oscillation of second order nonlinear dynamic equations on time scales,” The Rocky ... research activity concerning the oscillation and nonoscillation of solutions of various equations on time scales, and we refer the reader to 5–18. Recently, Erbe et al. 19–21 considered the asymptotic ... 2010. 19 L. Erbe, A. Peterson, and S. H. Saker, “Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a third-order nonlinear dynamic equation on time scales,” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... improvements because of the complicated structure of every time scale. 2. Nonlinear Implicit Dynamic Equations on Time Scales 2.1. Some Basic Notations of the Theory of the Analysis on Time Scales A time scale ... generalization of 1.1 and 1.2. The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, we present shortly some basic notions of the analysis on time scales and give the solvability of Cauchy ... ⊂ S,whereS is the domain of uniform exponential stability of . On the exponential stable domain of a time scale, we can refer to 10, 18, 19. By the definition of exponential stability, it implies...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... solutions to nonmonotone evolution equations with discontinuous nonlinearities,” Nonlinear Analysis, vol. 43, pp. 233–251, 2001. 17 Y. Chen, J. J. Nieto, and D. O’Regan, “Anti-periodic solutions ... “Anti-periodic solutions to nonmonotone evolution equations with discontinuous nonlinearities,” Nonlinear Analysis, vol. 43, pp. 233–251, 2001. 28 J. Y. Shao, “Anti-periodic solutions for shunting ... the existence of the anti-periodic solutions of system 1.1.InSection 4, we give the criteria of global exponential stability of the anti-periodic solutions of system 1.1.InSection 5,an example...

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Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20