quantitative method of sales forecasting

... system of ruminants, leading to studies on the peculiarities of metabolism that cope with the unusual products of microbial digestion. The reading list at the end of this chapter gives some of the ... fractional rates of digestion are biased estimates of the true fractional digestion rates of the feed. Second, the standard technique for assessing the adequacy of the first- order model of digestion ... Chapter 1 of the previous edition of this book (Forbes and France, 1993). However, all the subsequent chapters in this second edition are ß CAB International 2005. Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 14, 153. Faichney, G.J. (1990) Effect of level of intake and grinding of lucerne hay on the efficiency of rumination in sheep. Proceedings of the ... composition of rumen digesta and of the fractional outflow rates of digesta constituents. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 31, 1129–1137. Faichney, G.J. (1983) The effect of physical form of ... because of its role both in the processes of digestion and absorp- tion and in the expression of voluntary feed consumption. The Nature of Digesta The ruminant GI tract consists of a succession of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... (2000) Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro: com- parison of models. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 131–142. Dijkstra, ... the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro: derivation of models and other mathematical consider- ations. British Journal of Nutrition ... overestimation of both the immediately soluble fraction and the extent of degradation, and likely underestimation of the rate of degradation (Huntington and Givens, 1995). Loss of particles from...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... 5.2). Rate of intake of legumes was higher than for grasses and the extent of size reduction of petioles and stems was correspondingly less (Wilman et al., 1996). The greater ease of breakdown of lucerne ... assessment of handling time ion in ruminants: the effect of plant chemical and physical structure on the rate of breakdown of plant particles in the rumen of mule deer and elk. Canadian Journal of Zoology ... more quantitative definition of patterns of LP comminution, sampling of bolus traffic during rumination has yielded some insights, but has rarely been accompanied by anatomical characterization of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... effect of forage species and stage of harvest on the processes of digestion occurring in the rumen of cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 56, 439–454. Bird, S.H. (1995) Manipulation of rumen ... effects of the presence or absence of protozoa in the rumen on live-weight gain and wool growth of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 607–611. Boggs, D.E. (1959) In vivo 15 N tracer study of ... rumen: methods of measurement. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 34, 339–352. Weekes, T.E.C. and Webster, A.J.F. (1975) Metabolism of propionate in the tissues of the sheep gut. British Journal of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... mg of X 2 biomass synthesized per mg X 1 biomass ingested and mg of X 1 biomass per ml of culture. Also note that in this set of equations, protozoa do not utilize substrate, but obtain all of ... production of copious quantities of saliva containing bicarbonate and phosphate salts, which enable the rumen to be maintained at a pH of 6–7. Mixing of rumen contents and ß CAB International 2005. Quantitative ... forages by pure cultures of rumen bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 50, 1136–1141. Dijkstra, J. (1994) Simulation of the dynamics of protozoa in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 679–699. Dijkstra,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... and protein profiles in complex mixed cultures of organisms. These approaches have not yet been used quantitatively, but they offer the possibility of mapping the genetics and gene expression of mixed ... (1976) Effect of monensin fed with forage on digestion and the ruminal ecosystem of steers. Journal of Animal Science 42, 229–234. Eadie, J.M. and Gill, J.C. (1971) Effect of the absence of rumen ... Journal of Nutrition 26, 155–167. Flint, H.J., Bisset, J. and Webb, J. (1989) Use of antibiotic resistance mutations to track strains of obligately anaerobic bacteria introduced into the rumen of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... supplemented with only small quantities of concen- trates. Consumption of this type of forage with less than 45% of NDF resulted in the highest intake of soluble carbohydrate of 4 kg/day or more. At first ... degradability of NDF (% of intake) Fig. 10.2. Relationship between starch intake (kg of starch per day) and rumen degradability of NDF (% of NDF intake). Only reported values have been used. Regression of ... effect of apparent digestibility of organic matter and an interaction of the latter with level of feed intake. Another equation that is often used relates methane production to the intake of three...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... radioactivity of the precursor at the site of metabolic use, causes an underestimation of the rate of conversion of precursor to product. Consequently, estimates of the rate of conversion of precursor ... blood to the gut lumen. Limitations of the method Limitations of the A–V difference method include: 1. Loss of patency of even one catheter may prevent use of an animal. The arterial sample is ... period of time, the rate of entry of the metabolite into the pool equals the rate of exit and represents its rate of turnover. The turnover rate may also be determined by measuring the rate of exit...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... NEFA. Oxidation of NEFA Whole body Two methods are commonly employed to measure the oxidation rate of NEFA. Either the entry rate of NEFA and CO 2 are determined along with the contri- bution of NEFA ... represent flux of NEFA whether in the form of TAG-fatty acids or NEFA. The flux of NEFA into adipose tissue represents the sum of TAG synthesis in all tissues. The estimated rate of lipogenesis ... the usefulness of NEFA biokinetics. Areas requiring further work include the fate of NEFA, particularly the role of oxida- tion vs. esterification, and the quantitative contribution of tissues to...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... infusion (a) or of a flooding-dose (b) of a labelled amino acid. In (a) the ratio of the isotopic activity of the label at the end of the infusion crucially depends on the rate of protein turnover ... (e.g. measurements of protein levels for some enzymes of the ubiqui- tination machinery and proteasomal subunits, of the rate of ubiquitination of protein substrates, and of proteasome activities). Whole-body ... the control of protein synthesis occurs mainly at the transcriptional level. Therefore the quantification of the mRNA(s) of a given protein by molecular biology techniques is often used as an index of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... physical methods (direct calor- imetry) or it may be inferred from quantitative measurements of some of the Gross energy (= heat of combustion) Faeces energy Digestible energy (= energy of digested ... knowledge of the mechanics of protein turnover provides useful information, the factors that determine the rate of protein turnover are of greater interest. Characterization of the energetic cost of ... data as an example of the methodology, indicates estimates of ME m of 0:67 MJ=kg 0:75 and k l of 0.65. The former value is 40% higher than that predicted using the approach of AFRC (1990). In...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... specificity of effect is achieved (Dumont et al., 2002). This could arise from use of different isoforms or activation of components in different parts of the cell. It may be that while a number of hormones ... several isoforms; for example there are at least three iso- forms of the b-adrenergic receptor (Carpene et al., 1998), two of the GTP- binding protein G s , at least three isoforms of G i (Manning ... al., 1983) and this will support a rate of fatty acid release of about 50 nmol/min/g tissue. The limited amount of data available suggests a rate of lipolysis of about 5 nmol fatty acid released...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... of space, all the minerals and their quantitative aspects of metabolism cannot be discussed in detail here. As in the previous edition of the book, we chose to focus on quantitative aspects of ... composition of microbial matter in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 27, 621–632. Dijkstra, J. (1994) Simulation of the dynamics of protozoa in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition ... local injection of leptin into the arcuate nucleus region of the hypothalamus is greater than for other sites of administration. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus is one site of action of circulating...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 01:20