quantitative aspects of clinical reasoning measuring endpoints and performance

... the exponential behaviour of data set and the sigmoid and incomplete asymptotic behaviour of data sets and (a), and the natural logarithmic plots for data sets and with and without correction for ... Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada J.V Nolan, School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, ... International 2005 Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, 2nd edition (eds J Dijkstra, J.M Forbes and J France) J Dijkstra et al Beef and veal Non-ruminants Buffalo Goat Mutton and lamb...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... Rate of passage studies Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 625–632 Ulyatt, M.J and MacRae, J.C (1974) Quantitative digestion of fresh herbage by sheep The sites of digestion of ... order of magnitude less than its MRT (Faichney and Boston, 1985) Warner and Stacy (1968) examined the effects of ingestion of feed and water on the marker concentration curve and Faichney and Griffiths ... degradation of rumen protozoa Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 14, 153 Faichney, G.J (1990) Effect of level of intake and grinding of lucerne hay on the efficiency of rumination...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... overestimation of both the immediately soluble fraction and the extent of degradation, and likely underestimation of the rate of degradation (Huntington and Givens, 1995) Loss of particles from ... Roughan, P.G and Holland, R (1977) Predicting in-vivo digestibilities of herbages by exhaustive enzymic hydrolysis of cell walls Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28, 1057–1064 Schofield, ... cultures, and enable the study of long-term (weeks) effects of factors affecting the microbial population and the digestion of nutrients under controlled conditions of pH, turnover rate and nutrient...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... integrity of the leaf and stem components by removal of cuticle, crushing and separation of vascular bundles and other plant tissues, and release of plant cell contents (Ulyatt et al., 1986; Wilson and ... representation of the breakdown process of (A) leaves of tropical and temperate grasses and of legumes, and (B) mature stems of grass and legume, during eating and initial (0–6 h) digestion in the ... C.T and Handley, T.A (1986) The assessment of handling time ion in ruminants: the effect of plant chemical and physical structure on the rate of breakdown of plant particles in the rumen of mule...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... composition of supplements), level of intake, retention time of solids and liquids, and the timing of release of energy substrates and nitrogenous materials into the medium (rumen ‘synchrony’) Effect of ... J.M and France, J (eds) Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 123–143 Nolan, J.V and Leng, R.A (1972) Dynamic aspects of ammonia and ... J.V Nolan and R.C Dobos Quantitative results from experimental studies of gut and tissue processes and the models of N kinetics based on them have aided integration of research findings and are...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... digestibility of feed and production of VFA and microbial protein However, the complexity of these analogues, which often employ pulse addition of heterogeneous, particulate substrate and differential and/ or ... notably when the quality of the feed and dietary levels of N are poor (mainly in the tropics and subtropics) Rumen bacteria are efficient scavengers of N sources and uptake of ammonia is represented ... described and this number is expected to increase with continued research Rumen Microorganisms and their Interactions 209 Species Diversity and Activity Species diversity and the size and activity of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... expression and protein profiles in complex mixed cultures of organisms These approaches have not yet been used quantitatively, but they offer the possibility of mapping the genetics and gene expression ... tools and bioinformatics offer the promise for an even better understanding of this ecologically complex environment References Abou Akada, A.R and El-Shazly, K (1964) Effect of absence of ciliate ... Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 2186–2192 Chen, M and Wolin, M.J (1979) Effect of monensin and lasalocid-sodium on the growth of methanogenic and rumen saccharolytic bacteria Applied and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... remainder of the body (Baldwin, 1995) Only Gill et al (1989) addressed the concept of energy costs of nutrients and ion transport, and of protein synthesis and degradation in tissues of the total ... of Dairy Science 80, 1005–1028 Nocek, J.E and Tamminga, S (1991) Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition Journal of ... pattern of feed intake and the in situ degradation characteristics of carbohydrates and N First, a diet was simulated with a daily dry matter intake of 10.0 kg of grass silage, 6.5 kg of maize...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... Wolff, B.M and Bohmer, T (1971) Quantitative studies of the metabolism of chylomicron triglycerides and cholesterol by liver and extrahepatic tissues of sheep and dogs Journal of Clinical Investigation ... palmitate, oleate and stearate and rates of production and oxidation of propionate and butyrate in fed and starved sheep Biochemical Journal 104, 135–147 Baird, G.D., Lomax, M.A., Symonds, H.W and Shaw, ... normal and hypoglycemic sheep American Journal of Physiology 215, 874–880 Bergman, E.N., Katz, M.L and Kaufman, C.F (1970) Quantitative aspects of hepatic and portal glucose metabolism and turnover...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... (1967a) Rates of entry and oxidation of acetate, glucose, D(-)-b-hydroxy-butyrate, palmitate, oleate and stearate, and rates of production and oxidation of propionate and butyrate in fed and starved ... Wolfe, B.M and Bohmer, T (1971) Quantitative studies of the metabolism of chylomicron triglycerides and cholesterol by liver and extra hepatic tissues of sheep and dogs Journal of Clinical Investigations ... S and Nichols, B.W (1967b) The oxidation and utilisation of palmitate, stearate, oleate and acetate by the mammary gland of the fed goat in relation to their overall metabolism, and the role of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... catheterization of an artery and a vein draining a hind limb bed An index of both the rates of protein breakdown and synthesis is calculated by measuring the concentration of the label and its isotopic ... approaches (e.g measurements of protein levels for some enzymes of the ubiquitination machinery and proteasomal subunits, of the rate of ubiquitination of protein substrates, and of proteasome activities) ... incubated rodent muscles (see Attaix and Taillandier, 1998) These observations, together with the use of specific inhibitors of lysosomal and Ca2þ dependent proteases and of the proteasome, lead to the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... (100% of ME and CP requirements) and high (160% of ME and CP requirements) intake levels, the liver removed approximately 34% of the AA absorbed by the PDV Removal of essential AA comprised 15% of ... nutrient use and animal health Clearly then, considering the complexity of AA as nutrients, and as signals that can affect protein and energy metabolism, and in light of the different aspects of metabolic ... production of heat This quantity of heat, produced as a result of ß CAB International 2005 Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, 2nd edition (eds J Dijkstra, J.M Forbes and J...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... Pollock, H and Taylor, E (1987) Enzymes of glucose and fatty acid metabolism of liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and mammary gland of lactating and non-lactating sheep Journal of Animal ... J.M and France, J (eds) Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 222–248 Crandall, D.L., Hausman, G.J and Kral, J.G (1997) A review of the ... Decreased ? Uptake of acetate, glucose and VLDL-TG fatty acid decreased Synthesis of lipid decreased Output of fatty acids and glycerol increased Decreased Unchanged Uptake of glucose and acetate may...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... blood (2), bone (3) and soft tissues (4)) and P enters the system via intake (F10 ) and exits via faeces (F 01 ) and urine (F 02 ) The daily intake and loss of P in faeces and urine were measured ... 12 , F 23 and F 32 and F 24 and F 42 , respectively Labelled 32 P was administered as a single dose, D cpm, at time zero, and the size and specific activity of the blood, bone and soft tissues ... 482 E Kebreab and D.M.S.S Vitti requirements, absorption, sources of Cu and effect of Cu on lipid metabolism Therefore, in this chapter, only a limited update of quantitative aspects of Cu metabolism...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... between maternal intakes of energy and nitrogen and conceptus tissue masses at different stages of pregnancy Quantitative descriptions of maternal and fetal fluxes of glucose and amino acids in sheep ... understanding of fetal growth and metabolism Macronutrient uptake and metabolism Numerous studies of pregnant ewes have described macronutrient metabolism and requirements of the fetus in terms of ... 1983), and mobilization of NEFA (Harwell et al., 1990), associated with reduced pancreatic secretion and plasma concentrations of insulin (Bassett and Hanson, 1998), and attenuated action of IGF-1...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... 280 308 Fig 21.8 Usyn and Udeg at 1000 UCELLS and 1500 UCELLS vs time Usyn, rate of synthesis of udder enzymes; Udeg, rate of degradation of udder enzymes; UCELLS, number of secretory cells 568 ... Murray, R.A and Peirce-Sandner, S.B (1991) Responses of dairy cows to supplemental rumen-protected forms of methionine and lysine Journal of Dairy Science 74, 2997–3013 Robert, C.P and Casella, ... nitrogen and energy metabolism of lactating cows given abomasumal infusions of casein British Journal of Nutrition 55, 537–556 Yang, Y.T and Baldwin, R.L (1973a) Preparation and metabolism of isolated...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... carding and spinning Fibre breakages can occur during each of these stages of processing leading to losses of wool, called noil, and slowing of the rate of processing; both will cause the cost of ... error of 10=20 ¼ 0:5 and a relative discomfort of 0:52 ¼ 0:25 Similar calculations for CP, NDF and time spent eating give discomforts of 0.36, 0.51 and 0.01, respectively, and a total discomfort of ... CP, NDF and time spent eating, and of total discomfort, for a range of daily intakes of food by sheep; see text for details of food and animal’s ‘requirements’ Voluntary Feed Intake and Diet...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... toasting of barley on ruminal fermentation, amount of metabolizable starch and protein, and performance of dairy cows In: Van der Honing, Y (ed.) Book of Abstracts of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the ... Poel, A.F.B and Tamminga, S (1998) Effect of pressure toasting on the rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of whole and broken peas, lupins and faba beans and a mixture of these feedstuffs ... RUS (% of starch) RUP (% of protein) dRUP (% of RUP) Masha Cold pelleted Steam pelleted Expander treated Expander treated and pelleted Mash Cold pelleted Steam pelleted Expander treated Expander...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 09:15

... measurements of sward height Grass and Forage Science 43, 131136 Gibb, M.J and Treacher, T.T (1976) The effect of herbage allowance on herbage intake and performance of lambs grazing perennial ryegrass and ... Lemaire, G and Comeron, E.A (1989) The dynamics of daily area and depth of grazing and herbage intake of cows in a five day paddock system In: Proceedings of the XVI International Grassland Congress ... Forage Ingestion Feed intake and its regulation, size reduction and passage of feed particles are the subject of Chapters and 23 and here discussion is restricted to aspects specific to forages...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... norovirus and influenza virus treatments Widening the range of drugs available for the treatment of HIV infection is a highly active and critically important field of research The preclinical steps of ... complications Peg-IFN and ribavirin in the standard dosage (Peg-IFN alpha-2b 1.5mg/kg & ribavirin 800-1000mg for genotypes and 3, and 1000-1200mg for genotypes and 4) for the standard duration of time (48 ... F, Nevens F, et al Effectiveness of interferon alfa on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensation in 14 Antiviral Drugs Aspects of Clinical Use and Recent Advances cirrhosis type...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20