qtl mapping in experimental crosses

... variance of QTL and not the exact QTL position Xu and Atchley [22] extended the Goldgar’s ML method to interval mapping They developed an efficient general QTL mapping procedure, assuming a single ... proportion of QTL variance and sample size is CONCLUSIONS In this study we showed that the interval mapping procedure based on the random model approach, initially designed for QTL mapping in human ... each locus assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Parental linkage phases were assumed unknown Offspring were generated assuming no interference, so that a recombination event in one interval does...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... multiple QTL models: first, isolated QTL, where a marker interval containing a single QTL is flanked by marker intervals devoid of QTL and second, non-isolated QTL, where flanking marker intervals ... additive QTL in adjoining intervals but that it is possible to map non-isolated QTL if at least one QTL has non-additive effects The main advantage of MRM for QTL mapping is that estimates are obtained ... were included in the analysis Inclusion of offspring with incomplete marker information in QTL mapping results in higher statistical power and lower standard errors and bias of estimates of QTL...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... explain how this threshold was obtained) The comparison in terms of power to detect a QTL via the univariate versus the bivariate QTL mapping approaches was as follows In the bivariate QTL mapping ... testing for the presence of a QTL can be based on a single trait analysis, or on a joint analysis including several traits Here, the joint analysis involves only two traits The hypothesis tests in ... affecting trait 2” were obtained with phenotypes depending on polygenic and residual effects in addition to a biallelic QTL affecting trait or trait 2, respectively Multivariate QTL mapping 615...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... that include F2 intercross designs appear in [5] and [20] Nevertheless, marginal-based tests have been Joint tests for experimental crosses 603 underutilized in the development of QTL mapping ... used in place of marker genotypes However, developing an exact interval mapping method (similar to the conventional interval mapping in line crosses) will require an additional effort based on ... genotyping using logistic regression, Genetics 151 (1999) 885–894 [12] Jiang C., Zeng Z.B., Mapping quantitative trait loci with dominant and missing markers in various crosses from two inbred lines,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... useful for developing breeding materials However, the GY QTL interval (less than 10 cM) in LG20 was associated with a large increase in plant height, resulting in lodging The GY QTL in LG20 may still ... However, in some cases beneficial QTLs from O rufipogon were associated with undesirable QTLs For example, a QTL increasing panicle length QTL was in the same region as a QTL increasing the proportion ... 1st internode b culm diameter of 2nd internode c measurement of penetration strength in 1st internode rind d measurement of penetration strength in 2nd internode rind e measurement of crushing...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... multiple interval mapping analysis indicated strong repulsion linkage effects of closely linked QTL, which was missed by the composite interval mapping analysis So, identifying multiple QTL in a linkage ... multiple inbred lines In the literature, numerous studies on the power of data designs and mapping strategies for single QTL models like interval mapping and composite interval mapping can be ... that the existence of other QTL in the linkage group can distort the identification and quantification of QTL [10, 11, 15, 31] Therefore, QTL mapping combining interval mapping with multiple marker...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... protecting against DIC in experimental LPS-induced shock It has been argued that the experimental model of sepsis induced by infusion of LPS in high doses is unphysiological and differs from a clinical ... vitamin D3 against LPS-induced DIC but not against tissue-facter-induced DIC in rats Thromb Haemost 2001;85:287-90 Hemmingsen C, Staun M, Lewin E, Nielsen PK, Olgaard K Effects of vitamin D metabolites ... analogs on renal intestinal calbindin-D in the rat Calcified Tissue Int 1996;59:371-6 Hewison M, O`Riordan JLH Immunomodulatory and cell differentiation effects of vitamin D In: Vitamin D Feldman...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57

... the authors 18 For instance, consider the example in Figure involving if with some additional modifiers added to the intervening noun phrase 462 References Einat Minkov, Kristina Toutanova, and ... transformations involving nouns and adjectives (Noun+Adj), (ii) transformations involving verbs (Verb), (iii) transformations involving adverbs (Adv), and (iv) transformations involving verbs and ... sentence agent reordering (PassAgR), in which any post-verbal agents marked by by, are moved in front of the verb • Subordinate clause reordering (SubCR) which involve moving postnominal relative clauses...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... capsaicin (saline-injected); 6, capsaicin (Fe2+-injected); 7, curcumin + capsaicin (saline-injected); 8, curcumin + capsaicin (Fe2+-injected) 4530 on curcumin, capsaicin or curcumin + capsaicin, the anodic ... LDL in different diet groups oxidized in vivo by iron(II) 1, Control (Fe2+-injected); 2, control (saline-injected); 3, curcumin (saline-injected); 4, curcumin (Fe2+-injected); 5, capsaicin (saline-injected); ... were injected with mL saline or FeSO4 in mL saline (30 mg per kg body weight) h before death Alanine aminotransferasea Aspartate aminotransferasea Treatment Saline-injected Fe2+-injected Saline-injected...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... compiled employing conventional mapping techniques Conventional mapping techniques involve extensive research and observation in the field Conventional soil mapping data for soil surveys include: steepness, ... provenance in the Van Buren till indicated advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet into northern Maine during late Wisconsin time Understanding the soil-surficial geology relationship examined in this ... formed in a particular parent material 13 The area surveyed in relationship to the amount of time involved in conventional mapping indicates a degree of intensity (Kite, 1982) Prescott (1973) in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... obese mice injected with STZ at dose (120mg/kg w.b) suffer from type diabetic disease expressed insulin mutinously insulin resistance Therefore, the carbohydrate metabolic disorder and insulin resistance ... Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding, Anal Biochem 72 (1976) 248-254 N.Z Banquer, D Gupta, J Raju, Regulation of metabolic pathways in liver and kidney during experimental diabetes ... proved in the STZ induced diabetic mice Table Blood glucose and insulin concentration after days of buffer or STZ injection Biochemical estimation Blood glucose (mmol/l) Initial After days of injection...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... isotopes are in the spectrum Fig The flowchart of the isotope making the experimental gamma spectrum 48 Nguyen Trung Tinh Each isotope is loaded in the memory and its informations are contained in a structure ... user In our case, it is contained in a file and is loaded in to the memory of computer to construct the dynamical linked namelist of the spectrum before analysis by using function Docpho() Denoting ... }; The informations of whole spectrum are expressed in a dynamical linked namelist, whose each component is a structure containing the infomations of an energy level The exhibit of the information...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 13:20

... mimetics, including CHEC-9, have been used previously to increase cell survival and inhibit inflammation in a variety of experimental paradigms In the present study, we used a non-invasive urinary ... Hematoxylin & eosin together with cyanin R staining in alternate sections of the spinal cord revealed pathology consistent with the clinical score The most conspicuous changes appeared in rats showing ... renal/urinary tract pathology associated with MS Notably, untimed 'spot' samples as used in this study are routinely applied and accepted as an indicator of excess protein in the urine (proteinuria)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... I-nonexpansive mappings were investigated in 20 In 23 the weak convergence of threestep Noor iterative scheme for an I-nonexpansive mapping in a Banach space has been established Recently, in 24 the ... I-nonexpansive mapping is asymptotically quasi-I-nonexpansive But, there exists a nonlinear continuous asymptotically quasi I-nonexpansive mappings which is asymptotically I-nonexpansive In 21 a weakly ... quasi-nonexpansive mapping defined in Hilbert space was proved In 22 strong convergence of Mann iterations of I-nonexpansive mapping has been proved Best approximation properties of Fixed Point Theory...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... fixed point of S and T see In 4, , the authors studied the same problem In , Bose defined the pair of mean nonexpansive mappings, and proved the existence of the fixed point in Banach spaces In particular, ... point for a pair of mappings,” Demonstratio Mathematica, vol 23, no 3, pp 709–712, 1990 Y Song and R Chen, “Iterative approximation to common fixed points of nonexpansive mapping sequences in ... purpose in this paper to consider an iterative scheme, which converges to a common fixed point of the pair of mean nonexpansive mappings Theorem 2.1 extends and improves the corresponding results in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... fixed point of S and T see In 4, , the authors studied the same problem In , Bose defined the pair of mean nonexpansive mappings, and proved the existence of the fixed point in Banach spaces In particular, ... point for a pair of mappings,” Demonstratio Mathematica, vol 23, no 3, pp 709–712, 1990 Y Song and R Chen, “Iterative approximation to common fixed points of nonexpansive mapping sequences in ... purpose in this paper to consider an iterative scheme, which converges to a common fixed point of the pair of mean nonexpansive mappings Theorem 2.1 extends and improves the corresponding results in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... name = value; } } } } NHibernate - Getting started (2) Define mapping ... Agenda Introduction NHibernate nettiers CodeSmith Demo Introduction O/R Mapping Is the abbreviation of Object-relational Mapping Used to map object-oriented programming objects to relational ... sessionFactory.OpenSession(); ITransaction tx = session.BeginTransaction(); Cat princess = new Cat(); princess.Name = "Princess"; princess.Sex = 'F'; princess.Weight = 7.4f; session.Save(princess); tx.Commit(); session.CloseSession();...

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2014, 13:20

... genetically h line is t ti ll homogeneous) ) RIL (Recombinant inbred line) With polymorphic molecular markers and linkage maps as tools, mapping QTL is simply a matter of growing and evaluating large ... Genetic Linkage Recombination in a Single Parent A B a b a b a b AB >25% Parental Type A B Ab

Ngày tải lên: 16/07/2014, 09:42

... breeding population created by INRA Phenology, flowering and fruiting measures For each individual tree, the following measures were assessed in 2001: floral phenology was observed from the beginning ... counting counting flowers and taking account the coflowering time (7.5) and the highest value was obtained with counting seeds and counting flowers (10.3) The value obtained with counting seeds for ... analysed in this study were established at the experimental nursery of Guémené-Penfao (France) Three different experimental seed orchards were created in spring 2000 Two of them were installed inside...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... was minimized by incubating the section in 2% (v/v) normal goat serum in PBS for 20 Endogenous biotin or avidin binding sites were blocked by sequential incubation for 15 with biotin and avidin ... but, shooting down intestinal barrier function, the influx of antigens may be enhanced, inducing local inflammatory response in genetic susceptible organisms Our results show that intestinal segments ... TNF effects in vivo in mice [18,19] In a third experimental setting, in mice lacking the TNF membrane receptor I (TNFR-1-/-, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, MN; USA) colitis was induced as above...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20