push a succinct constraint deep

... Speech and Natural Language, pages 233–237, Morristown, NJ, USA Association for Computational Linguistics Ravi Sinha and Rada Mihalcea 2007 Unsupervised graph-basedword sense disambiguation using ... 5.1 Data Table 1: Evaluation results on Senseval-2 and Senseval-3 data-set of all words task To compare our results, we ran our experiments on SENSEVAL-2 and SENSEVAL -3 English allwords data sets ... the variable swi 3.4 Constraints A constraint specifies a particular configuration of the agents involved in its definition and has a utility associated with it For e.g If cij is a constraint defined...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... of the ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology D Talbot and T Brants 2008 Randomized language models via perfect hash functions In Proc of ACL08: HLT T Watanabe, H Tsukada, and H Isozaki 2008 ... coding Large compression rates are achieved for both probabilities and backoff coefficients References T Brants, A C Popat, P Xu, F J Och, and J Dean 2007 Large language models in machine translation ... -gram data into “shards” by hash values of the first bigram Unigram data are shared across shards for efficiency an imaginary super root node emits 10 for its only child, i.e., the root node After...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... relevant frames such as flatters Upon selecting this frame, an annotator is able to supply arguments by choosing actors from a list of declared characters “The fox flatters ... by a natural-language generation component that is able to realize textual equivalents of all possible propositions A search in the interface for “flatter,” for example, offers a list of relevant ... linear sequence of states) Additional timelines can represent multi-state beliefs, goals or plans In the course of authoring actions and statives, annotators create a detailed temporal framework...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... Press 61 A A Arratia-Quesada and I A Stewart [1997], Generalized Hex and logical characterizations of polynomial space, Inform Process Lett 63, 147–152 62 A A Arratia and I A Stewart [2003], A note ... are included liberally, as long as they are interesting and retain a combinatorial flavor These are vague and hard to define criteria, yet combinatorialists usually recognize a combinatorial game ... informally, two subclasses (i) Games People Play (playgames): games that are challenging to the point that people will purchase them and play them (ii) Games Mathematicians Play (mathgames): games...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 05:23

... Iida A, Hirata T, Hasegawa M, Yuasa T, Miyazawa M, Takahashi Y, Yasunami M, Kimura A, O’Connor DH, Watkins DI, Nagai Y: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-based control of simian immunodeficiency virus Inagaki ... Protein Data Bank: a redesigned query system and relational database based on the mmCIF schema Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33:D233-D237 50 Song H, Nakayama EE, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Levy JA, Shioda T: A single ... RT assay (B) SIVmac239Gag205E340M as well as SIVmac239, but not in SIVmac239Gag205E CA hexamers Thus, this pocket may be a target candidate for anti-viral drugs Both GagL216S and GagD205E mutations...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... Tables and Figures Table IgG antibody levels against PG and TA in sera from healthy individuals and patients with deep- seated and superficial staphylococcal infections S aureus cell wall Healthy ... 1979;1(8118):731 Ayyagari A, Pal N Antiribitol-teichoic acid antibody (ARTA) in diagnosis of deep seated Staphylococcus aureus infections Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1991, 34(3):176-180 Colque-Navarro P, Palma ... these antigens were not shared by other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested 3.5 Anti-staphylococcal antibodies react with PG and TA We observed that levels of anti-staphylococcal IgG antibodies...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:08

... o (that) Maria a man has love can (that) Maria was able to love a man ¨ (19) (dass) Maria hat einen Mann lieben konnen (20)* (dass) Maria einen Mann lieben k¨ nnen hat o 5.8 Double Auxiliary Flip ... love can will (that) Maria will be able to love a man subjec vc n (dass) Maria einen Mann lieben k¨ nnen wird o Optional Auxiliary Flip In an auxiliary flip construction (Hinrichs and Nakazawa, 1994), ... linguistically adequate in practice needs to be substantiated in future research Characteristic of our approach is that the formal presentation defines valid analyses as the solutions of a constraint satisfaction...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... neutral node variable is a variable that may not be identied with any other node variable Formally, polarities are used to dene the class of saturated modfor a tree description els A saturated model ... for the anchor, all leaves of fragments are negative, and internal node variables are neutral This guarantees that in a saturated model, tree fragments that belong to the denotation of distinct ... instantiated A free variable is instantiated as follows: each free variable labels a syntactic node variable and is unied with the label of any node variable identied with For the purpose of this paper,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... rarely daydream about it Unpleasant fantasies of being chased, attacked, or humiliated are paradoxical What kind of wishes are these? They may represent an attempt to master a particular fear, ... which are hereditary, may rage against their parents Pain, itching, marred appearance, and disability can provoke a deep anger against the disease and the world of "normal" people The anger sometimes ... stress that any patient with a dermatitis should first start therapy with a dermatologist Since the vast majority of dermatoses have an emotional component, whether as a cause, an aggravating factor,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:21

... Bacchiani, Michael Riley, Brian Roark, and Richard Sproat 2006 Map adaptation of stochastic grammars Computer speech and language, 20(1):41–68 Joakim Nivre and Ryan McDonald 2008 Integrating graphbased ... Johan Hall, Atanas Chanev, G¨ lsen Eryigit, Sandra K¨ bler, Svetoslav Marinov, and u u Erwin Marsi 2007b Maltparser: A languageindependent system for data-driven dependency parsing Natural Language ... grammar-driven parsing systems achieved high accuracy which are comparable to the treebank-based statistical parsers Notably are the constraint- based linguistic frameworks with mathematical rigor, and provide...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... Holland Steven Bird 1995 Computational Phonology: A Constraint- Based Approach Studies in Natural Language Processing Cambridge University Press Alan W Black and Paul Taylor 1997 The festival speech ... value of the lexical head to be accessed at that projection; i.e., headed phrases will also bear a specification [LEX phon], which can be interpreted as saying “my lexical head’s phonology value ... the same as the LEX value of the mother’s HEAD value (iii) Extending the head with a Leaner Finally, there is an additional clause to accommodate the case where the extending element is a Leaner...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... Tehran’s nuclear intentions By August, though, the Obama administration had given a green light to Russia’s move in exchange for Russia supporting additional sanctions against Iran—although, again, they ... two nations (and opposition to the deal was loud, swift to the materials that terrorists may oband widespread Opposition politicians tain, one way or another), but also gravemaintained that American ... existence And though Iran is an npt signatory, it has not done all it can to ensure iaea access even to its declared facilities Iran signed an “Additional Protocol” with the iaea in 2003, an agreement...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... values indicate small or large aberrations from the language norm A constraint penalty of 0, then, corresponds to a hard constraint, since every analysis that violates such a constraint will always ... in a particular natural language A grammar composed of such constraints can be used for parsing by feeding it to a constraint- solving component that searches for structures that satisfy the constraints ... logical disjunctions of the predictions made by each supertag, and then adapting the new constraints accordingly Supertag Component Parsing accuracy Model accuracy accuracy unlabelled labelled baseline...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... Roeger, M Rahman, and J Varga, and also the statistical assistance from B Moench and F Domanico, as well as the secretarial assistance of M Dumont TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... have been substantially larger if the removal of most of the remaining cross-border barriers was achieved In particular, the initial expectations that the Internal Market would serve as a catalyst ... uncertainty and a lack of awareness of companies' rights both from the side of the companies themselves and that of the national authorities The adoption of agreed standards is an alternative...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... of dead larvae to applied larvae (%) Missing larvae were grouped within the mortality category (i.e as dead larvae) 2.4 Protein extraction and immunoblot analysis Results and discussion About ... 3) Bioassay showed correlation with both Southern and Western blot analysis No larvae were found alive on either transformants Considering the bioassay data, it was clear both transformants produced ... M.J Adang, R.E Lynch, W.F Anderson, A Wang, G Cardineau, P Ozias-akins, Expressing of a Bacillus thuringiensis cryIA(c) gene in transgenic peanut plants and its efficiency against lesser corn stalk...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:20

... Representation: Language for Knowledge and Knowledge for Language, MIT/AAAI Press Vilain, Marc and David Day (1996) "Finite-State Parsing by Rule Sequences." International Conference on Computational ... Conclusion We have argued that taking reading comprehension exams is a useful task for developing and evaluating natural language understanding systems Reading comprehension uses found material and provides ... humancomparable evaluations which can be computed automatically with a minimum of human annotation Crucially, the reading comprehension task is neither too easy nor too hard, as the performance...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... Recall that a dependency is defined as a 4-tuple: a head of a functor, a functor category, an argument slot, and a head of an argument Figures were calculated for labelled dependencies (LP,LR) and ... Conference, pages 447– 454, Granada, Spain Dekang Lin 1995 A dependency-based method for evaluating broad-coverage parsers In Proceedings of IJCAI-95, pages 1420–1425, Montreal, Canada Eugene Charniak ... Carroll and Briscoe and parse their evaluation corpus so a direct comparison can be made As far as long-range dependencies are concerned, it is similarly hard to give a precise evaluation Note that...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... (23) at all clear in English.2° Masao wa Arabia-go o naratte-iru MasaoTP-SB Arabic OB is-learning "Masao is learning Arabic." The lack (or dispensability) of the speaker identification constraint ... Centering Constraint as stated in (9) is systematically violated by a certain group of counterexamples in Japanese This has to with what Kuno calls empathy, a grammatical feature especially prominent ... constraint stated in (16), which is simply a subpart of the constraint in Japanese, thus remains adequate in English Aruhi ~ Arabia-zin no zyosei ni atta one-xlaySB Arabian of lady to met "One day [he]...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... The Game of Life Cellular automata names a certain class of artificial, digital worlds A cellular automaton consists of points, or “cells,” located in an abstract space, all of which can have kinds ... establish physicalism’s failure, I analyze what it means to be a physical fact by establishing an analogy with an artificial kind of world The analysis shows, in a concrete way, why no physicalistic ... physicalism is false Later I argue against entailment in a different and more general way, using an analogy to an artificial world with a toylike physics This analogy allows us to diagnose exactly why...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:40