principles of marketing 14th edition ppt free download

Ngày tải lên: 15/08/2013, 14:26

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 09:20

... I’ll produce 24 pounds of meat and 2 pounds of potatoes. After I give you 3 pounds of meat in exchange for 1 pound of potatoes, I’ll have 21 pounds of meat and 3 pounds of potatoes. In the end, ... the various mixes of output that an economy can produce. It illustrates one of the Ten Principles of Economics in Chapter 1: People face tradeoffs. Here the farmer faces a tradeoff between produc- ing ... easier to see in the case of babies and mini- vans. Couples often buy a minivan in anticipation of the birth of a child. The Violent Crimes (per 1,000 people) Police Officers (per 1,000 people) 0 Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... percentage change in the price of the second good price elasticity of supply a measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the ... either of these sets of data, the statisticians would need to take account of other factors that affect attendance— weather, population, size of collection, and so forth—to isolate the effect of price. ... low. The Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Economists use the cross- price elasticity of demand to measure how the quantity demanded of one good changes as the price of another good changes. It is...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... shows the quantity of money in the economy and an index of the price level. The slope of the money line represents the rate at which the quantity of money was growing, and the slope of the price line ... velocity of money, we divide the nominal value of output (nominal GDP) by the quantity of money. If P is the price level (the GDP deflator), Y the quantity of output (real GDP), and M the quantity of ... quantity of money (M) times the velocity of money (V) equals the price of output (P) times the amount of output (Y). It is called the quantity equation because it relates the quantity of money...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... outcomes: efficiency the property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society equity the fairness of the distribution of well-being among the members of society CHAPTER ... the producer surplus of all sellers. Quantity of Houses Painted Quantity of Houses Painted Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 Supply 600 1234 (b) Price = $800 Price of House Painting 500 800 $900 0 600 1234 (a) ... introduced the basic tools of welfare economics—consumer and pro- ducer surplus—and used them to evaluate the efficiency of free markets. We showed that the forces of supply and demand allocate...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... result of a triangle depends on the square of its size. If we double the size of a tax, for instance, the base and height of the triangle double, so the deadweight loss rises by a factor of 4. ... raw land. Yet the value of land often comes from improvements, such as clearing trees, providing sewers, and building roads. Unlike the supply of raw land, the supply of improvements has an elasticity ... the wage they can earn legally. In each of these cases, the quantity of labor supplied responds to the wage (the price of labor). Thus, the decisions of these workers are distorted when their...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... importer of a good, domestic consumers of the good are better off, and domestic producers of the good are worse off. ◆ Trade raises the economic well-being of a nation in the sense that the gains of the ... the losses of the losers. Now that we have completed our analysis of trade, we can better understand one of the Ten Principles of Economics in Chapter 1: Trade can make everyone better off. If Isoland ... Sellers are worse off because producer surplus falls by the area B. The gains of buyers exceed the losses of sellers, and total surplus increases by the area D. This analysis of an importing country...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... good are better off, and consumers of the good are worse off. When a country allows trade and becomes an importer of a good, consumers are better off, and producers are worse off. In both cases, ... lower trade barriers of their own accord not only profit themselves, but also often induce the laggards to match their example. The most potent force for the worldwide freeing of trade, then, is ... effect of this quota on the U.S. sugar market. Label the relevant prices and quantities under free trade and under the quota. b. Analyze the effects of the sugar quota using the tools of welfare...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... number of cars that can be supported without pollution outside of the central city and auctions off the rights to license new cars each month. Different types of plates allow different degrees of ... the number of beneficiaries and whether these beneficiaries can be excluded from enjoying the good. A free- rider problem arises when the number of beneficiaries is large and exclusion of any one of them ... to charity can free ride on the generosity of others. In this case, taxing the wealthy to raise the living standards of the poor can make everyone better off. The poor are better off because they...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... make a profit from this situation. What would be your profit per bushel of rice? If other people exploit the same opportunity, what would happen to the price of rice in Japan and the price of rice ... the ratio of the foreign price level (mea- sured in units of the foreign currency) to the domestic price level (measured in units of the domestic currency). According to the theory of purchasing-power ... the central bank prints large quantities of money, that money loses value both in terms of the goods and services it can buy and in terms of the amount of other currencies it can buy. We can now...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... U.S. exports of aircraft will fall, and U.S. imports of aircraft will rise. In this case, the import quota on Japanese cars will in- crease net exports of cars and decrease net exports of planes. ... for dollars causes the value of the dollar to appreciate from E 1 to E 2 . This appreciation of the dollar tends to reduce net exports, offsetting the direct effect of the import quota on the trade ... E 1 to E 2 . The appreciation of the exchange rate pushes the trade balance toward deficit. 688 PART ELEVEN THE MACROECONOMICS OF OPEN ECONOMIES First, we determine which of the supply and demand...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... over a period of a year or two, an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy tends to raise the quantity of goods and services supplied, and a decrease in the level of prices tends ... P). This is just another way of representing the classical analysis of growth and inflation we conducted in Chapters 24 and 28. The purpose of developing the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, ... price level. Notice that each of the three theories of short-run aggregate supply empha- sizes a problem that is likely to be only temporary. Whether the upward slope of the aggregate-supply curve...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... particular, the number of workers is rising slowly, while the number of retirees is rising quickly. Concerned about the future of Social Security, some members of Congress propose a “freeze” on the program. a. ... measurement of a firm’s total cost is more subtle. total revenue the amount a firm receives for the sale of its output total cost the market value of the inputs a firm uses in production profit total ... THE DESIGN OF THE TAX SYSTEM 265 c. What are the disadvantages of eliminating TANF and allocating the savings to the EITC? 10. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 eliminated the deductibility of interest...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 23:20

... 33 THE SHORT-RUN TRADEOFF BETWEEN INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT 785 rate of inflation. The widespread belief that there is a permanent tradeoff is a sophisticated version of the confusion between ... tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. That is, after an adverse supply shock, policymakers have to accept a higher rate of inflation for any given rate of unemployment, or a higher rate of ... profit. There is no reason for society to suffer through the booms and busts of the business cycle. The development of macroeconomic theory has shown policy- makers how to reduce the severity of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 23:20

... de- manded of a good falls when the price of the good rises law of supply—the claim that, other things equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises law of supply ... elasticity of demand—a measure of how much the quantity demanded of one good responds to a change in the price of another good, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded of the first ... rate, regardless of the rate of inflation natural rate of unemployment—the normal rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuates GLOSSARY 813 depreciation—a decrease in the value of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 18:20