potential applications of enzymes

... cause of such inaction may be related to a lack of understanding of the mechanism of saltwater intrusion In many coastal areas, such as along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of the ... placement of the model development ahead of field studies Preliminary modeling forces the planning team to develop an understanding of the data and a coherent theory of the mechanism of intrusion ... occurs within the zone of capture of pumping wells where significant drawdown of the water table causes induced surface infiltration This type of intrusion has occurred in areas of Florida, where...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... extend offshore allowing potential pathways for saltwater intrusion to occur Movement of the groundwater in the CWCB is from areas of recharge to the areas of discharge The main areas of recharge ... Reichard of the United States Geological Survey, Wayne Jackson of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, Dennis Watt of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, Stephen Thomas of Camp ... barrier walls A description of each of these potential barrier alternatives is described below: Slurry Wall: Construction of a slurry wall involves the excavation of a bentonite slurry stabilized...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... Map of The Netherlands: position of the Rijnland Water Board and ground surface of the Netherlands; (b) Map of the Rijnland Water Board: position of some polder areas and the sand-dune areas of ... the top of each aquifer and the elevations of the surfaces in each aquifer, and the vertically integrated fluxes Application of continuity of flow in each aquifer results in a system of differential ... the top aquifer and has a discharge of 200 m3/d (about 10% of total recharge on the island) Contours of the elevation of the interface after 40 timesteps of year are shown in Figure 10 The well...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... Aquifer Management Figure 1: (a) Map of The Netherlands: position of the island of Texel and ground surface of The Netherlands; (b) map of Texel: position of the four polder areas and sand-dune ... Press LLC Island of Texel, The Netherlands 79 Figure 2: (a) A schematization of the hydrogeological situation at the island of Texel, The Netherlands; (b) the simplified composition of the subsoil ... by CRC Press LLC Coastal Aquifer Management 82 of solutes is modeled by means of the method of particle tracking and dispersive transport by means of the finite difference method:   ( C − C )...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... important potential hydrostratigraphic conduit for enhanced groundwater transport offshore Modern as well as paleo river channels along the eastern seaboard of the United States offer examples of such ... inherent assumptions of any model are of course limited in a true portrayal of a particular hydrogeologic regime That said, models offer insight in the magnitude or scale of exchange processes ... a depth of approximately 10 m (Figure 5) From the interpretation of many tens of km of streaming resistivity data © 2004 by CRC Press LLC 104 Coastal Aquifer Management Figure 3: Map of Tampa...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... much of the precipitation infiltrating into the sandy soil The climate of the region is a © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Coastal Aquifer Management 156 Figure 6: Profile of beach face showing location of ... densities of water to occur; this leads to greater uncertainty in any attempts at determining the volume of infiltrated saltwater directly The presence, however, of a substantial layer of infiltrated ... to locally determined assigned datums of mean lower low water (MLLW) This is a datum determined as zero from the average of the lower of the two low waters of each day for the past 19 years For...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... inversion of geophysical data regardless of whether that data is electric, acoustic, or some other class of physical measurement Because these “conceptual tools” offer a general way of interpreting ... scales of investigation (Figure 3) Although other information would be required to generate a useful model of subsurface properties on the basis of this combination of data, the comparison of electrical ... conductivity of the series of aquifers and confining units under that uppermost layer An example of the aquifer inversion model constructed from the TDEM surveys along a profile between two of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... frequent and prolonged periods of drought as well as the presence of a variety of natural and anthropic sources of salt (sea spray, sea water, lagoon, evaporation ponds of the salt-works and salt-hills), ... most common sources of error in groundwater modeling lie in the conceptualization of the model and uncertainty of the data Furthermore, the coexistence of several sources of error means that ... geological features of the plain, four homogeneous zones have been defined The first two are composed of the recent and ancient terraced alluvia of the Quaternary, the third of fractured granites...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... end result of this analysis is a relative comparison of the effect of uncertainty of each individual parameter on the final transport results in terms of the arrival time and mass flux of radionuclides ... assumption of an infinite matrix), values for κ that are smaller than the best estimate of 1.37 were chosen A random distribution of 100 values is generated for κ with a minimum of 0.0394, a maximum of ... simplicity of the island hydraulic model is enhanced by the absence of pumping or any form of groundwater development on the island, so that steady-state conditions are assumed Figure shows a map of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... al., 2003a, b] Here, we report the case study of the city of Miami Beach in northeast Spain A large fraction of the total population of Spain (about 80% of its million inhabitants) lives along the ... the monitoring of seawater intrusion is insufficient In spite of the strict regulations introduced in the Water Act of Spain, control of abstractions is scarce In the coastal area of Tarragona, ... Optimization in Saltwater-Intruded Aquifers 253 on the costs of the failure of the system—what will be the cost of loss of water, the cost of restoration, and any environmental consequences? These...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... fishing port of Chuburna (for example), just west of Progreso (Figure 1), the lens has a calculated thickness of about 18 m at the shore A first-order topographic survey of most of the northwest ... Overlies part of Ring of Cenotes and Mérida Block Table 1: Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Yucatan Peninsula © 2004 by CRC Press LLC Coastal Aquifer Management 260 Figure 1: Location of study ... important characteristics of the hydrogeology of Yucatan such as the high permeabilities found in this area and the presence of a saltwater wedge that extends tens of kilometers inland They observed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 16:20

... is used to represent a member of the set of risk-reduction projects, pe represents a member of the set of restoration projects, and i represents a member of the set of possible implementation periods ... Tool Let pe represent a member of the set of restoration projects and pr represent a member of the set of risk-reduction projects Let t represent a member of the set of time periods analyzed in ... represent a member of the set of rivers (i.e., Mississippi or Atchafalaya) Let k represent a member of the set of river reaches in the river system Let i represent a member of the set of implementation...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20

... Unlim Resour Leveled resources Nb of TBM Nb of teams for elec general services 24 Nb of teams for cooling and ventilation 12 Nb of teams for cabling 24 Nb of teams for machine installation (years) ... host contribution should not take account of the cost of any land acquisitions 2) Member state contributions should not be based on GDP but on the number of interested states and their willingness ... Models InGDE A significant percentage of the non-civil construction costs will be provided in nonthe form of in-kind contributions While this is a political fact of life it is inimportant to avoid...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20

... endorsement of Mike Paul and Reece Waldock from the Maritime Division of the Department of Transport Robert also thanks Ian Eliot and John Dodson, Department of Geography, University of Western ... protection of biodiversity Impacts of human use 2.3.1 Pollution—industrial, sewage and runoff 2.3.2 Coastal hazards and climate change Copyright 1999 Taylor & Francis Group 2.4 2.5 Concepts of coastal ... coastal management and planning 3.1.4 Summary of terminology Concepts of coastal management Concepts of coastal planning 3.3.1 The theoretical basis of planning (a) Rational planning (b) Incremental...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... and the form of definition is termed ‘definition according to use’ For example, tackling the issue of non-point sources of marine pollution would require the definition of an area of attention ... oriented def initions of a coastal area In practice, the [coastal] zone [area] may include a narrowly defined area about the land-sea interface of the order of a few hundreds of metres to a few ... or extend from the inland reaches of coastal watersheds to the limits of national jurisdiction in the offshore Its definition will depend on the particular set of issues and geographic factors...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... described in Box 3.8 Management of urban areas expanding along the coast can be one of the most difficult tasks of coastal planning The often enormous values of coastal land which can be developed ... and use of the coastline; the need for new road connections; the future use and management of the large amount of public land; and the impact of metropolitan development on the future of the region ... also developed in a number of areas There are a number of issues associated with both forms of culturing The conversion of land to ponds and the consequential loss of productive agricultural...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... programmes they are most often called statements of principle While statements of principle often provide the philosophical climate for the development of a well defined hierarchy of guiding statements, ... are generally not strictly part of that hierarchy Nevertheless, statements of principle are often a critical part of the family of guiding statements At the top of the hierarchy is a statement ... to an end—a particular set of words should be used if this is the optimum means of ensuring the sustainable development of a particular section of coast 3.2 Concepts of coastal management While...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... norms of a coastal nation will shape the boundaries of a coastal programme, often long before notions of the exact details of programme design have been considered Much of the content of this ... daily maximum of 2025; limiting the number of permitted operators at the site, and a form of tourism facility zoning; reduction of the impacts of uses which are allowed; hardening of the site; ... status of women since they are often the major exploiters of near-shore coastal environments Act No 5, Article 37 of the Conservation of Living Resources and Their Ecosystems Act (Republic of Indonesia,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22