population averaged generalized estimating equations

... assumptions about means, variances and covariance structures This approach, known as generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was pioneered in the human epidemiology and biostatistics field [23,31], ... is not fully parametric, maximum likelihood cannot be used, and we consequently use a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach [4,11,21,23,27] in which the quasi-likelihood takes the place ... [31,32] Note that these GEEs are the analog of the likelihood estimating (score) equations for maximum likelihood estimation, and the normal equations for standard linear models A set of linear GEEs...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... be reviewed CHAPTER GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS Chapter Generalized Estimating Equations 2.1 Introduction The term Generalized Estimating Equations indicates that an estimating equation ... CHAPTER GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS 16 Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), the prime subject in my thesis, are traditionally presented as an extension to the standard array of Generalized ... Generalized Estimating Equations 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Generalized Linear Models(GLM) 2.1.2 Population- Averaged and Subject-Specific...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 13:53

... structure 1.3 Generalized Estimating Equations In a seminal paper in 1986, Liang & Zeger (1986) introduced Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) that extends upon the work of Generalized Linear ... 1.3 Generalized Estimating Equations 1.4 Estimation of α using the moment method 10 Problems with Estimation of α 12 Methods for Estimating α 16 i ... and I1 = K i=1 Xi ∆i Cov(yi )∆i Xi (1.1) 1.3 Generalized Estimating Equations As an extension to (1.1), the GEE setup involves solving the following estimating function, K U (β, α) = i=1 Di Vi−1...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2015, 22:37

... this is particularly true in rural areas, although our design included a greater urban population than rural population, which countered the difference in accuracy of the death certificate Third, ... approximately 1,000,000 adult deaths from all causes during the years 1986–1988.1 We defined the total population (close to 67 million) from which the mortality survey was conducted as the study base ... use; (3) the causes of death in control group were unrelated to tobacco exposure Thus two separate population- based case-control studies were formed within the study base with one group of cases...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:48

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:56

... multivalued operator equations involving generalized m-accretive mappings in Banach spaces and an iterative algorithm with errors for this nonlinear random multivalued operator equations Inspired ... mapping We prove the existence and convergence theorems of the generalized random iterative algorithm for this nonlinear random equations with random fuzzy mappings in q-uniformly smooth Banach ... section, we prove the existence and convergence theorems of the generalized random iterative algorithm for this nonlinear random equations with random fuzzy mappings in quniformly smooth Banach...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... differential equations, while studies on higher-order neutral functional differential equations are rather infrequent, especially on higher-order p-Laplacian neutral functional differential equations ... differential equations, ” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol 190, no 2, pp 1394–1401, 2007 Q Wang and B Dai, “Three periodic solutions of nonlinear neutral functional differential equations, ” ... differential equations, ” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol 329, no 1, pp 677–689, 2007 10 M R Zhang, “Periodic solutions of linear and quasilinear neutral functional-differential equations, ”...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... fuzzy differential equations, ” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol 151, no 3, pp 581–599, 2005 10 B Bede, I J Rudas, and A L Bencsik, “First order linear fuzzy differential equations under generalized differentiability,” ... derivatives in generalized differentiability sense of the H-difference of two fuzzy functions and the product of a crisp and a fuzzy function N Dk1 , ,kN F Lemma 3.10 If f, g : I → RF are Nth-order generalized ... solution and translate problem 4.1 to a system of ordinary differential equations Then, we solve the obtained ordinary differential equations system Finally we find such a domain in which the solution...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... delay differential equations, ” Journal of Differential Equations, vol 189, no 2, pp 396–411, 2003 R D Nussbaum, “A Hopf global bifurcation theorem for retarded functional differential equations, ” Transactions ... pp 139–164, 1978 J L Kaplan and J A Yorke, “Ordinary differential equations which yield periodic solutions of differential delay equations, ” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol ... of one-dimensional differential-delay equations, ” Tohoku Mathematical Journal, vol 30, no 1, pp 13–35, 1978 S Chapin, “Periodic solutions of differential-delay equations with more than one delay,”...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... initial equation Our main purpose here is to study the generalized stability for some functional equations in a single variable We prove the generalized Ulam-Hyers stability of the single variable ... 1.8 , the stability for the following generalized functional equation of the square root spiral f p−1 p x k f x hx 1.9 is obtained Thereafter, we present the generalized Ulam-Hyers stability of ... direct consequence of this result, the generalized Ulam-Hyers stability of the linear equation f x g x ·f η x h x is highlighted Notice that in all these equations, f is the unknown function and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... remarks on changing populations,” in The Kinetics of Cellular Proliferation, Grune and Stratton, New York, NY, USA, 1959 [9] M E Gurtin, “A system of equations for age-dependent population diffusion,” ... Biology [4] A M Nakhushev, Equations of Mathematical Biology, Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow, Russia, 1995 [5] P F Verhulst, “Recherches math´ matiques sur la loi d’accroissement de la population, ” M´moires ... Mathematical Models in Population Biology and Epidemiology, a vol 40 of Texts in Applied Mathematics, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2001 [2] N Keyfitz, Introduction to the Mathematics of Population, Addison-Wesley,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 11:20

... 2 Generalized orthogonal stability of some functional equations for ε ≥ 0, p ∈ R, and asking about a stability result in this ... triangle inequality, we have additionally y ≤ x , x − y ≤ x , x ≤ y Generalized orthogonal stability of some functional equations In case p is a nonnegative real number, we have the approximations ... X → Y such that f (x) − b(x) ≤ βε sgn(p − 2) x p, 2p − x ∈ Xp, (2.22) Generalized orthogonal stability of some functional equations where β = + · p + · p + p in case p is nonnegative and β = +...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 21:20

... a complete material of more than 000 red responses based on a population close to 820 000 inhabitants, about 20% of the Norwegian population In nearly 90% of all situations we retrieved records ... a total of 69 581 km (21% of the total area ofNorway) and 816 000 inhabitants (18% of the total population) Data registration was performed prospectively during a period of three months, from ... accounted for 11% of the patients Cardiovascular Discussion Based on our comprehensive, prospective and population based study, estimated rate of red response patients was about 25 per 000 inhabitants...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 09:56

... adverse effect on lung function in a general adult population Methods Study population The KORA F4 study is a follow-up of the KORA S4 study, a population- based health survey conducted in the city ... However, as this was a random sample, we consider that our population sample is highly representative for this age group of the Augsburg population Moreover, the cross-sectional study design makes ... surrounding counties between 1999 and 2001 A total sample of 6640 subjects was drawn from the target population consisting of all German residents of the region aged 25 to 74 years Of all 4261 participants...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:45

... unselected patients with CAD treated with either ZES or PES in southern Turkey METHODS Patient Population The study population consisted of 217 patients who had undergone coronary Zotarolimus- (n:116) ... larger patient population and the rate of MACE was 10.8% Interestingly the TAXUS VI trial which was designed to show whether this benefit will be reproducible in subsets of the patient population ... patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease of simple to moderate complexity (4) Since the population used in our study was an unselected, high-risk group, four patients in c P < 0.05 defined...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... reported for the general population Since OAB is a compilation of lower urinary tract symptoms, the prevalence of LUTS should be higher Irwin et al.2 in their 5-country population study reported ... OAB is expected in our study population, the increase may also be compounded by variation in OAB definition Most http://www.medsci.org Int J Med Sci 2010, reported population studies had used ... veterans is almost five fold higher than that reported for the general population OAB is under-diagnosed and under-treated This patient population may benefit from routine screening Furthermore, our...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:35

... coronary artery disease that was treated with either the SES or the PES METHODS Patient Population The study population consisted of 204 consecutive series of all patients who had undergone coronary ... unrestricted use of paclitaxelversus sirolimus-eluting stents for coronary artery disease in an unselected population: one-year results of the Taxus-Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (T-SEARCH)...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 08:57

... Indiv Diff 2006; 41: 167-176 19 Dupuy JB, & Ladouceur R Cognitive process of generalized anxiety disorder in comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder J Anx Disord 2008; ... healthy volunteers would In addition, given the high prevalence of anxiety/depression in the general population, it might be interesting to compare the levels of anxiety/depression between our patients ... corrected to normal Table Age (in years) and gender distribution in healthy subjects (n = 56), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD, n = 47) and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD, n = 52) patients...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 08:57