pollution prevention and waste minimization

... community Pollution prevention opportunity assessment (PPOA) A tool for a company to identify the nature and amount of wastes and energy usage, stimulate the generation of pollution prevention and ... hazardous waste streams as a necessary concomitant to industrial production and focusing on the treatment and disposal of that waste Pollution prevention, as opposed to hazardous waste treatment and ... States and England had time to deal with waste issues, our continued use and development of agricultural land has diminished our resources, and places high stress on those agricultural lands to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland In order to carry ... prevention and emergency response policies at the source, the regulated substances handled, and the worstcase release scenarios and alternative release scenarios, including administrative controls and ... chemical and hazardous waste tracking and reporting, but they have two critical shortcomings which have prevented them from significantly improving the lot of environmental scientists and planners...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... biomass, and water 2.2 Council Directive on Landfill of Waste The aim of the Directive on landfill of waste is, by way of stringent operational and technical requirements on the waste and landfills, ... health, from landfilling of waste, during the whole life cycle of the landfill In principle, each landfill shall be classified in one of the following classes: Landfill for hazardous waste Landfill ... in a landfill The landfill permit shall state at least the class of the landfill and the list of defined types and the total quantity of waste which are authorized to be deposited in the landfill...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... agricultural lands, forests, and areas of historical and geological value, and resulted in the dislocation of communities and loss of wildlife (6) Dam failure can cause catastrophic floods and thousands ... solar heating and cooling function with few or no mechanical devices; primarily they involve designing the form of landscape and building in relation to each other and to sun, earth, and air movement ... should demand steady improvement in the efficiency of appliances and technologies, and in building design, automobiles, and transportation systems [In the United States, efficiency standards for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... New Mexico The prevention of waste and pollution requires an understanding of numerous technical disciplines, including thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, fluid mechanics, and chemical kinetics ... results for waste minimization Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved Heat transfer innovations are improving energy handling in industrial processes, reducing pollution and wastes ... engineering practices These practices should include pollution control and waste minimization Heat transfer equipment is subjected to fouling and corrosion, which are among the major hurdles for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... produces the waste can be substituted with one that either minimizes the waste or yields a viable product, then the waste minimization goal has been realized Furthermore, waste minimization is ... mentioned throughout this text, waste minimization encompasses recycling/ reuse, waste reduction (material substitution, process changes, good housekeeping, etc.), and waste treatment on-site (1,2) ... demonstrated success with conventional municipal wastewater They have also been used for dairy waste, nonpesticide agricultural waste, pharmaceutical waste, and low-strength singular solvents in industrial...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... Cohen and F Giralt, Strategies in Pollution Prevention: Waste Minimization and Source Reduction AFINIDAD, vol 53, no 462, pp 80–92, 1996 G E Tong, Integration of Biotechnology to Waste Minimization ... Treatability of Pharmaceutical and Yeast Industry Wastewater Water Sci Technol., vol 38, no 4– 5, pp 37–44, 1998 63 I Kabdasli, M Gurel, and O Tunay, Pollution Prevention and Waste Treatment in Chemical ... Pickett, and J Montgomery, Biotechnologies for Metal and Toxic Inorganic Mining Processes and Waste Solutions In N McPherson and R Nora, (eds.), Randol Gold Forum Conf Proc., pp 143–146 Golden CO: Randol...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... Level Type Waste Type Waste Type Waste Level One Map Element Waste Type Stream Mission Level Map Element … Type N Waste Waste Waste Stream Defined For each Waste Type Waste Type Stream Waste Type ... generation of waste These diagrams are used to decompose each waste type into specific waste streams For example, a waste type may be sanitary waste, and waste streams within that type may be food waste, ... laboratory pollution prevention goal of substantially eliminating waste generation and pollutant release by the year 2010 The purpose of the roadmap was to identify: Areas in which waste minimization and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... Corporation, Chandler, Arizona BASIC PRINCIPLES OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MINIMIZATION Beginning in the mid-1970s, environmental management of industrial air emissions and wastewater discharges ... reports are not due until July, and loading and analyzing the data takes about a year ROLE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT As methodologies for waste minimization improved in ... a pollution prevention opportunity assessment, followed by a discussion of life cycle assessment (LCA) UNDERSTANDING OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION Briefly stated, industrial pollution prevention...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... management, product development and R&D, and liability assessment, as well as pollution prevention CALCULATION 3.1 Measurement of Pollution Prevention Accurate and meaningful measurement systems ... transportation, processing, and final disposal) Quantity of solid, liquid, and/ or gaseous waste released to air, water, and/ or soil/land, causing environmental pollution Waste recycling factor after ... quantity of waste generated is y = (1 − U)r Managed waste is further quantified by a waste management factor M, which is defined as the ratio between waste managed and waste generated: M = g y and can...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... Pollution Prevention In Harry M Freeman (ed.), Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995 L Case, L Mendicino, and D Thomas, Developing and Maintaining a Pollution Prevention ... operations The main goal of pollution prevention is to reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants and wastes at the source in order to reduce costs and to meet or exceed federal and state regulations ... pollutants or wastes at the source Pollution prevention opportunity assessment The systematic process of identifying areas, processes, and activities which generate excessive waste streams or waste by-products...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... includes pollution prevention and waste minimization Waste minimization is defined as pollution prevention measures that reduce Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste (2) ... interrelatedness of pollution prevention/ waste minimization with risk reduction and how risk assessment can be generally applied to the field of pollution prevention and waste minimization While ... important and integral part of this pollution prevention technology and of identifying interim protection measures is ecological risk assessment” (3) POLLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MINIMIZATION...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... including petroleum wastes, petrochemical wastes and off-spec products, and solid waste disposal (old garbage dumps) These activities led to numerous acts to control and mitigate pollution from dumping, ... States and England had time to deal with waste issues, our continued use and development of agricultural land has diminished our resources, and places high stress on those agricultural lands to ... Clearly, then, minimization is the first choice and the optimal one from an environmental standpoint However, society demands a certain standard of living, so for those wastes remaining from minimization, ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... hazardous waste streams as a necessary concomitant to industrial production and focusing on the treatment and disposal of that waste Pollution prevention, as opposed to hazardous waste treatment and ... Unlike the RCRA and CERCLA, which provide at best indirect liabilitydriven disincentives to the use and production of toxic and hazardous substances and wastes, the Pollution Prevention Act attempts ... units (both active and inactive) at operational solid and hazardous waste management facilities 2.4 The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 and a New Way of Managing Hazardous/Toxic Waste Streams In...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... prevention and emergency response policies at the source, the regulated substances handled, and the worstcase release scenarios and alternative release scenarios, including administrative controls and ... hand, there may not be unique analytical solutions to the problem at hand, leaving heuristic approaches the only game in town There is usually a specific objective of the decision at hand, and ... chemical and hazardous waste tracking and reporting, but they have two critical shortcomings which have prevented them from significantly improving the lot of environmental scientists and planners...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... biomass, and water 2.2 Council Directive on Landfill of Waste The aim of the Directive on landfill of waste is, by way of stringent operational and technical requirements on the waste and landfills, ... wastes and the waste management strategy EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES ON WASTE MANAGEMENT 2.1 European Parliament and Council Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste The Directive on packaging and packaging ... health, from landfilling of waste, during the whole life cycle of the landfill In principle, each landfill shall be classified in one of the following classes: Landfill for hazardous waste Landfill...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... agricultural lands, forests, and areas of historical and geological value, and resulted in the dislocation of communities and loss of wildlife (6) Dam failure can cause catastrophic floods and thousands ... and 2020, without policy changes The Outlook estimates that fossil fuels will meet 95% of additional global energy between 1995 and 2020 and that two-thirds of the increase in energy demand and ... oxides and sulfur dioxide), and carbon monoxide], photochemical oxidants, unintentional releases of raw and refined petroleum, mining-related pollution (i.e., acid mine drainage), methane, and thermal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... results for waste minimization Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved Heat transfer innovations are improving energy handling in industrial processes, reducing pollution and wastes ... when feasible, in order to eliminate waste generation Corrosion protection of heat transfer surfaces is a suggested practice for pollution control and waste minimization In order to prevent corrosion, ... engineering practices These practices should include pollution control and waste minimization Heat transfer equipment is subjected to fouling and corrosion, which are among the major hurdles for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... 1998 F P Incropera and D P DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed New York: Wiley, 1990 10 D R Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 80th ed Cleveland, OH: CRC Press, ... chemical potential and aA is the activity of species A The activity is defined as the ratio of the fugacity ƒA to a standard-state fugacity ƒ˚A: aA = ƒA ƒ˚A (84) Activities and standard states are ... Schmidt number (see Table 3) Many standard handbooks and heat transfer textbooks list dimensionless transport relationships for engineering systems (9,10) STOICHIOMETRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS Stoichiometry...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22