pharmacogenetics of the androgen metabolic pathway

... which the first three digits of the EC number are the same as that of the corresponding missing enzymes This strategy is based on the following properties of the EC numbers The first three digits of ... perform the supervised inference of the metabolic gene network [24,31] As opposed to the direct approach, these methods require a partial knowledge of the true metabolic network An advantage of using ... j is defined by the number of nucleotides between the end of the i-th gene and the start of the j-th gene along the chromosomes We then derived a distance kernel using the formula Kposition (xi,xj)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 09:20

... and in the range of the CV of the NADPH determination Discussion Obvious tendencies found by characterization of the wild-type In the exponential phase of the ammonium cultures all of the PPP ... [26] Overproduction of 6PGDH resulted in an increase of synthesis of pyridine nucleotide cofactors, as the total pool of these increased Whether the synthesis is regulated by the NADPH concentration ... Figure 4B shows the X-loading weights of the X-variables (measured variables other than NADPH) and the Y-loading of NADPH on the two PCs As NADPH is in the first quadrant of Fig 4B (the four quadrants...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... RPN13 The potential involvement of the hydrophobic patch in the UBL of hHR23b was also examined The UBL variants constructed for analysis of the association of RPN10 with human hHR23b and the DSK2 ... which each of the UBAs of Arabdopsis RAD23 contributes additively to the binding of K48-linked ubiquitin chains (Table and data not shown) The roles of the UBAs in ubiquitin chain binding of human ... Interestingly, the interface of the PRU of human RPN13, which is critical for the interaction with ubiquitin and PLIC1, is not required to bind hHR23b Because the conserved residues of the PRU domain of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... However, all the above-mentioned structural changes in receptor glycans are located in the core portion of N-glycan, and whether alteration of the terminal residue on the outer chain of either N- ... expression of InR (including the a- and b-subunits) and EGFR both on the cell surface and in cells (Fig 2A,C), as well as the SLex content of the glycans of EGFR were unchanged, but the SLex content of ... be of interest to study whether the SLex level of InR on insulin-responsive cells in diabetic patients was changed This may reveal the role of the sugar chains on InR in the pathogenesis of diabetes...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... the AR coactivators ARA54 and ARA70, suggesting a specific role of these motifs in AR function [44–47] The increasing number of proteins found to interact with the AR LBD raises the question of ... fragment from pAR34 [23] into the corresponding sites of pGEX-2TK-CHB yielded pGSTAR.LBD Insertion of the AR LBD BamHI/SalI fragment of pGST-AR.LBD into the corresponding sites of pCMVGST [25] yielded ... triplicate, the mean of the highest AR.NTDwt value was set at 100% Each bar represents the mean (± SEM) luciferase activity of three independent experiments Fold induction is shown to the right of each...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... formed between the carbonyl group of the ketose substrate (f6p, s7p) and the e-amino group of a lysine residue of the active site of the enzyme, leading to the formation of either g3p or e4p ... from MFA, the information richness of 13 C-labeling data also permits verification of the topology of metabolic network models Furthermore, shortcomings in the stoichiometry of the metabolic network ... pools generated by the half-reactions Genetic organization of the nonoxidative branch of the PPP In recent years, the genes encoding the enzymes of the nonoxidative branch of the PPP have been...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:21

... that the actions of the Akt pathway are more pronounced than the Erk pathway in granulosa cells and vice versa in the in theca cells None the less, administration of inhibitors of these pathways ... [15] It is the differential regulation of these pathways and the potential for cross talk between the pathways that is important in mediating the effects of these hormones In addition to the gonadotropins, ... study might not relate directly to inhibition of the Akt and Erk pathways but rather the indirect effect of inhibition of these pathways on regulation of activin-A production/secretion Granulosa...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... role in the PI3K signaling pathway Recombinant microRNA-126 was shown to downregulate the expression of p85b (a regulatory subunit of PI3K related to the stabilization and transmission of the PI3K ... Finally, we detected the possible signal pathway involved in the effects of bostrycin on A549 cells We showed by western blots that there was a decrease in the expression of p110a protein over ... (locally weighted regression) For two-color experiments, the ratio of the two sets of detected signals (log transformed; balanced) and P values of the t test were calculated Differentially detected...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... Reminder of the complexity of the control of the activity of an enzyme In the bottom metabolic pathway, the generic metabolite γ can be: (a) a positive- or negative-feedback effector of the generic ... names (enzyme s names) in the metabolic system across the top of the columns of the matrix The matrix is often gigantic, having as many columns as there are enzymes, and the metabolite names (reactants), ... fraction of the cells were transformed? What is the minimum fraction that would lead to “rescuing” the metabolic state of the whole organ(s) and hence the individual?’ Quantitative prediction of metabolic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... and 0.3 for the alignment of the other 134 proteins (B) Frequency of residues at position 90 to 93 of the R2R3 domain covering 168 MYB TFs of Arabidopsis, rosaceous species, and other dicot sequences ... Arabidopsis All of the isolated MYB TFs were able to trans-activate the DFR promoter in the presence of at least one of the four bHLHs tested Only the apple MYB10 gene responded equally to either apple ... conjunction with the promoters of structural genes [13] For example, the R2R3 MYB C1 protein, that regulates the anthocyanin pathway in maize, interacts with a bHLH TF (either of the genes termed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... presents the result of one gene The top line indicates the gene name and symbol The upper part of each subfigure shows the exon-intron structure of the gene and the localization of the genotyped ... between SNPs in the vitamin D receptor gene and asthma in the SLSJ study The upper part of the figure shows the exonintron structure of the gene and the localization of the genotyped SNPs The coding ... association of SNPs in the vitamin D pathway genes with asthma and atopy in the SLSJ study Each subfigure presents the result of one gene The top line indicates the gene name and symbol The upper part of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... Fas-mediated apoptosis is the major death pathway ery of leukocytes attends highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [12] Some of these changes may be related to release of sequestered lymphocytes ... apoptotic pathway but it is controversial whether apoptotic death of uninfected cells exceeds virus-mediated killing of infected cells Detailed studies of viral burden and the rising proportion of SIV+ ... cytolysis involves the Fas/FasL pathway [64] and rapid progressors had higher baseline levels of cell killing through this pathway In corroboration of these findings, high levels of lymph node cell...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... stimuli [11-13] However, in spite of the relevance of these reservoir cells in the control of viral persistence, the mechanisms responsible of apoptosis resistance of persistently-infected cells ... independent of the magnitude of viral replication Apoptosis resistance is independent of the magnitude of viral replication A) Jurkat and J1.1 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of 1000 ... independent of the magnitude of viral replication Apoptosis resistance of HIV persistenly-infected cell lines involves modulation of the mitochondrial pathway In order to dissect the mechanisms...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 06:20

... http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/5/1/5 of patients with asthma [5], the skin of patients with urticaria [6], and the joints of patients with arthritis [7], illustrates the association of mast cells in these inflammatory ... analysis to examine the cytoplasmic levels of IκBα in HMC-1 after treatment with IL1β or TNF-α in the presence or absence of BAI (30 μM) The data showed that in the presence of BAI, the IκBα protein ... 4A) The intensities of the cytokine and house keeping gene (HPRT) bands were measured by densitometry, and the ratio of the cytokine to the house keeping gene was calculated and assigned as the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:22

... as well as the physiology and pathology of the brain The functions of the CNS are mainly excitation and conduction as reflected in the continuous electrical activity of the brain The fact that ... states, and the redistribution of corresponding fluxes in both cell types is indicative of the relative activity of the interactions Potential of the reconstructed model in the analysis of neural ... metabolism of the astrocytes that monitors the activity of the cycle In other words, although no perturbation was applied to neurons, astrocytic oxygen deprivation led to the cessation of the uptake of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... venous end of pulmonary capillaries minus the diastolic pressure in the left atrium (denoted PLA) The output of oxygen by the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta is equal to the input of oxygen ... Therefore, the scaling of Fmax with body size depends largely on the scaling of Ip The impedance of the pulmonary venous network is a consequence of its physical structure and the viscosity of ... where the entire output of the heart's right ventricle flows before blood enters the left atrium of the heart The driving force for pulmonary venous return to the heart is the pressure at the venous...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... exacerbate the problem, there is no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for dengue The high prevalence of dengue, together with the absence of specific therapeutics and lack of effective ... (Kramer & Ebel, 2003) These barriers are thought to be controlled by at least two sets of genes, one controlling the MIB and the other controlling the MEB although the identity of these genes have ... impair the quality of T cell responses significantly Also, a temporal mismatch with the production of CD8+ T cells to the time of onset of vascular leakage in children with DHF suggested that the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:20

... region of approximately 2760 bp The number of bp for each exon is indicated above the exon boxes The exon codes for the TAD, the exons and for the DBD, part of the exon for the hinge region, and the ... function The length of the CAG tract correlates inversely with the age of onset of the disease (La Spada et al., 1991) but it still uncertain if the length correlates with the severity of the disease ... polymorphism within the AR, the aim of this thesis was to investigate if the length of the CAG tracts within the nonpathological range or normal have an effect on the intrinsic activity of the AR To study...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:05

... al., 2007) Epithelium serves as the main barrier for the airways; abnormal barrier function of the epithelium has been linked to high incidences of asthma, suggesting the role of epithelium dysfunction ... of NFκB in the airway epithelium is sufficient to provoke AHR and cause the thickening of ASM (Pantano et al., 2008) AHR, as a constant feature of the asthma, is the result of a combination of ... inhibition, but there might be other mechanisms for this drug The major limitation of theophylline is its narrow therapeutic index Therefore, theophylline is now considered as the second-line therapy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:03

... measured Quantification was done only in the red pulp of spleen Bortezomib treated mice showed significantly reduced number of DENV infected cells in the red pulp of the spleen at 24 and 48 hpi compared ... hpi On the other hand, no significant changes were observed for the platelet count 24-72 hpi, and hematocrit levels 0-72 hpi in mice after bortezomib treatment, suggesting the efficiency of the ... exocytosis To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we show in Section 3.3 that perturbation of the UPP leads to ER stress-induced UPR that represses translation of key proteins of the exocyst complex...

Ngày tải lên: 22/09/2015, 15:18