period 1 monopoly of breakthrough drug

Essays on TRIPs, pharmaceuticals and developing countries with special reference to india

Essays on TRIPs, pharmaceuticals and developing countries with special reference to india
Ngày tải lên : 12/09/2015, 10:54
... 0 16 .8 20.8 7 .1 4.6 10 0 73.9 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 76.3 10 0 10 0 90.9 99.2 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 93.7 10 0 10 0 73.3 76.9 41. 2 10 0 10 0 73.5 23.2 68.9 10 0 81. 4 10 0 10 0 88.9 49.9 10 0 10 0 ... 20.7 16 .3 0 0 10 .5 0 0 48 .1 0 77.8 23.4 0 0 41. 7 0 13 .6 0 5.9 0.2 0 0.6 19 .1 21. 3 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 31. 9 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 51. 9 6.7 10 0 20.2 76.6 99 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 16 .6 10 0 10 0 86.2 10 0 10 0 10 0 ... 48 .1 0 0 0 36 .1 0 33.7 38.9 0 10 0 54 .1 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 75.3 10 0 50.7 58.8 10 0 92.6 90.9 95 10 0 10 0 46.7 10 0 10 0 10 0 85.7 10 0 37 .1 52 10 0 93.5 10 0 10 0 10 0 81. 6 56.9 10 0 77.3 10 0 66.3 78.9 61. 1 10 0...
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ICTs for e-EnvironmentGuidelines for Developing Countries, with a Focus on Climate Change pptx

ICTs for e-EnvironmentGuidelines for Developing Countries, with a Focus on Climate Change pptx
Ngày tải lên : 28/06/2014, 12:20
... 82 11 .10 KEY ICTS 83 11 .11 KEY ORGANIZATIONS 83 11 .12 KEY APPLICATIONS 83 11 .13 ISSUES AND TRENDS 84 11 .14 RELEVANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ... 59 10 USE OF ICTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION 61 10 .1 10.2 10 .3 10 .4 10 .5 10 .6 OVERVIEW 61 BACKGROUND 61 INTELLIGENT BUILDING SYSTEMS ... 11 3 14 .5 EXAMPLE 3: NATURESERVE – BIOTICS‐4 11 4 Application Description: 11 4 Categories covered: 11 4 Ranking 11 4 14 .6 EXAMPLE 4: GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) MONITORING, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING – ENVIRONMENT CANADA...
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E – GOVERNMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES doc

E – GOVERNMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES doc
Ngày tải lên : 23/03/2014, 05:22
... NA 4.0 NA 1. 6 1. 4 1. 5 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.9 91- 95; 96-99 90-95; 95-99 90-95; 95-00 2.2 2.5 2.6 2 .1 0.4 0.5 90-95; 95-00 0.5 2.2 1. 6 1. 1 0.2 0.3 90-95; 95-00 UK 1. 4 3 .1 3.0 1. 5 0.4 0.6 ... 0.4 0.6 89-94; 94-98 Canada 1. 5 4.9 NA NA 0.4 0.7 88-95; 95-00 1. 9 4.8 0.3 0.5 91- 95; 96-00 NA NA 2 .1 3.7 0.7 1. 3 89/90-94/95; 1. 8 4.9 2.2 4.2 0.9 1. 3 94/95-99/00; 91/ 95; 96-00 USA Germany France ... actions of a large number of interested stakeholders (Mansell and Wehn, The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, http://www.ejisdc.org EJISDC (2004) 18 , 1, 1- 24 12 19 98)...
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Tài liệu The and Social EffEconomic ects of Financial Liberalization: A Primer for Developing Countries pdf

Tài liệu The and Social EffEconomic ects of Financial Liberalization: A Primer for Developing Countries pdf
Ngày tải lên : 23/12/2013, 13:15
... Plaza, Room DC2 -14 28 New York, N.Y 10 017 , USA Tel: (1- 212 ) 963-47 61 • Fax: (1- 212 ) 963-4444 e-mail: esa@un.org http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers The Economic and Social Effects of Financial Liberalization: ... the capital account of the balance of payments, there is a wide range of possibilities and methods of regulation or direction of capital flows There is already a large set of controls which have ... attributable to an excessive growth of money supply relative to an exogenously given “real rate of growth of output” and can be moderated by reducing the rate of growth of money supply These postulates...
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Tài liệu The Economic and Social Effects of Financial Liberalization: A Primer for Developing Countries pptx

Tài liệu The Economic and Social Effects of Financial Liberalization: A Primer for Developing Countries pptx
Ngày tải lên : 20/01/2014, 19:20
... Indonesia 5 .1 71. 5 8.2 2.0 13 .2 Nhật Bản 79.8 9.7 0.8 6.5 3.2 Hàn quốc 43.2 48.4 1. 6 0.7 6 .1 Malaysia 10 .3 67.2 13 .4 2.3 6.7 Philippines 19 .2 44.6 2 .1 7.5 26.7 Singapore 5.4 55.4 23.5 4 .1 11. 5 Đài ... 26.2 48.2 2.8 5.3 17 .4 Thái Lan 6.6 61. 6 8.0 8.6 15 .3 4 /1/ 2009 Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman Gia đình kiểm sốt Sở hữu nhà nước Sở hữu doanh nghiệp khác 19 .8 17 Slide #14 -17 Corporate bond ... Chi phí gián tiếp: uy tín, khác hàng… Cần có cấu tối ưu vốn nợ? g 4 /1/ 2009 Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman 11 Slide #14 -11 Cấu trúc tài (Q (Quản trò tài chính) ò ) Trong quản trò tài : Xác...
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Health Expenditures and the Elderly: A Survey of Issues in Forecasting, Methods Used, and Relevance for Developing Countries doc

Health Expenditures and the Elderly: A Survey of Issues in Forecasting, Methods Used, and Relevance for Developing Countries doc
Ngày tải lên : 22/03/2014, 13:20
... ‘i’ in period t -1, (2) (1+ rate of growth of population), (3) (1+ rate of growth of utilization (per capita) indicator), (4) (1+ rate of growth of GNP deflator), (5) (1+ rate of growth of medical prices ... Demography 31( 1):95 -11 3 Waldo, Daniel, Sally Sonnefeld, David McKusick and Ross Arnett III 19 89 “Health expenditures by age group, 19 77 and 19 87.” Health Care Financing Review 10 (4) :11 620, Summer ... the rate of growth of total population, ru is the rate of growth of utilization per capita, rp is the rate of growth of the general price level, rr is the rate of growth of the ratio of the medical...
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Finance and Economic Development Policy Choices for Developing Countries

Finance and Economic Development Policy Choices for Developing Countries
Ngày tải lên : 21/04/2016, 13:21
... 0 .13 7 0 .13 2 0.075 7, 910 37.33 3.6 0. 316 0.395 0.029 37,628 211 .23 0.9 Std Dev 0.207 0. 214 0.028 294,8 01 54.00 0.9 Std Dev 0.0 91 0 .13 6 0.039 40,830 39.73 0.8 0 .10 1 0. 019 0. 018 11 2 53.85 1. 0 1. 306 ... 1. 0 1. 306 1. 470 0 .15 0 16 2,953 7 71. 80 5.0 Min Max 0.029 0.005 0. 011 72 4.44 1. 5 1. 018 0.844 0 .12 7 2,045,992 249.60 5.0 Min Max 0.008 0.004 0.025 20 4.50 2.5 0.399 0.529 0.240 296,826 98 .11 5.0 Figure ... R.W 19 98 “Law and Finance.” Journal of Political Economy 10 6, 11 13 11 55 La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R.W 19 97 “Legal Determinants of External Finance.” Journal of...
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Uses of geothermal energy in food and agriculture bopportunities for developing countries

Uses of geothermal energy in food and agriculture bopportunities for developing countries

Ngày tải lên : 22/07/2016, 22:53
... heating 15  742 17  864 20 6 61 23 264 Aquaculture pond heating 13  493 11  733 10  976 11  5 21 1 12 4 1 038 2  013 1 635 Industrial uses 10 12 0 10  220 10  868 11  745 Bathing and swimming 15  742 79 546 83  018 ... Mexico 19 90 95 45 14 5 545 215 45 700 19 95 10 5 50 310 632 414 45 2000 16 1 17 0 590 785 547 2005 15 1 202 797 7 91 2007 204 4 21 992 2 010 204 575 2 015 290 800 New Zealand Source: Íslandsbanki, 2 011 figure ... States 283 8 91 2 775 753 286 1 227 2  817 45 755 437 1 909 2 228 535 12 9 953 435 1 930 2 564 811 535 12 9 953 472 1 970 2 924 1 19 7 863 536 16 7 958 628 1 904 3 087 3 500 920 535 530 1 14 0 1 240 2 500...
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The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries

The Global Apparel Value Chain, Trade and the Crisis Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries
Ngày tải lên : 29/08/2016, 09:37
... 3, 412 2,508 2,238 2, 412 1, 6 91 1,620 1, 505 1, 443 -1, 645 2009 Value 28,2 01 6,405 5,332 4 ,15 4 3,580 3,580 3 ,12 6 1, 950 1, 765 1, 646 1, 467 1, 319 1, 300 1, 0 71 7 91 - 73,470 72,744 72,064 % 39 .1 8.9 ... 677 1, 005 2008 Value 86,935 34,6 01 19 ,13 9 5,739 3,536 2,998 2,526 2,089 1, 982 1, 185 947 899 1, 035 813 717 642 529 582 510 2009 Value 81, 300 31, 507 19 ,4 91 5 ,13 7 3,800 3 ,13 8 2 ,19 6 1, 809 1, 5 21 1,335 ... 3.6 3.5 -1. 0 -2.6 5.0 1. 0 3.5 2008 Value 3 61. 9 12 0.0 11 2.4 13 .6 10 .9 10 .9 9.0 6.3 4.9 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 33.2 31. 1 3.8 3.0 3.0 2.5 1. 7 1. 4 1. 2 1. 2 1. 1 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 232.6...
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Controlling Cancer in Developing Countries - Prevention and Treatment Strategies Merit Further Study pdf

Controlling Cancer in Developing Countries - Prevention and Treatment Strategies Merit Further Study pdf
Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 01:20
... Cost per year of life saved $11 3 $15 5 10 ,399 10 ,235 $33 $40 Number of deaths averted per million screened MADAGASCAR Lifetime cost Cost per year of life saved $16 7 $332 Number of deaths averted ... as morphine) are often scarce or unavailable because of regulatory obstacles, lack of knowledge, or misconceptions about these drugs Other palliative care treatments include drugs to alleviate ... important cause of and treatment have not proven effective cancers of the lung and respiratory system and the esophagus, and it contributes to several other cancers For a second group of cancers—large...
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Lifelong Learning in the Global Knowledge Economy - Challenges for Developing Countries pptx

Lifelong Learning in the Global Knowledge Economy - Challenges for Developing Countries pptx
Ngày tải lên : 15/03/2014, 10:20
... 19 80 19 79 1. 29 1. 16 1. 33 1. 47 19 89 19 86 19 89 19 87 1. 35 1. 19 1. 46 1. 52 19 90s Canada Sweden United Kingdom United States 19 92 19 92 19 92 19 92 1. 62 1. 60 1. 71 1.64 19 97 19 98 19 99 19 99 1. 48 1. 36 1. 59 1. 83 ... (higher/secondary) 19 70s Canada Sweden United Kingdom United States 19 70 19 68 19 74 19 69 1. 65 1. 40 1. 64 1. 49 19 80 19 81 1980 19 78 1. 40 1. 16 1. 53 1. 35 19 80s Canada Sweden United Kingdom United States 19 80 19 81 1980 ... 0 .19 0.00 0.00 0. 21 0 .19 – – 0 .10 0.33 19 95–99 19 95–99 19 95–99 19 95–99 19 96–99 19 95–99 19 95–99 19 77–97 19 80–95 19 96–99 19 96–98 0.57 0.36 0 .14 0 .11 0 .10 0 .12 0.29 1. 50 2.50 0.30 0.82 – Not available...
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Guidelines for developing eco-efficient and socially inclusive infrastructure doc

Guidelines for developing eco-efficient and socially inclusive infrastructure doc
Ngày tải lên : 24/03/2014, 21:20
... Page Part 1: Addressing the urban challenge 10 WHY we need eco-efficient and socially inclusive urban infrastructure? 11 1. 1 Why focus on cities? 13 1. 2 Why focus on infrastructure? 17 1. 3 Why focus ... years 21 areas are around five times denser than, for YEAR 2 010 instance, Canada’s, and the use of energy per capita in Japan is around 40% of Canada’s .18 2030 2050 2070 2090 211 0 213 0 215 0 217 0 ... Stage D: Are we getting there? 11 0 Part 4: Case studies 11 6 WHO is making the change? 11 9 Eco-industrial park in Ulsan, Republic of Korea Integrated resource management 12 7 Taehwa River restoration...
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Diaspora Bonds as a New Funding Vehicle for Developing Countries pdf

Diaspora Bonds as a New Funding Vehicle for Developing Countries pdf
Ngày tải lên : 29/03/2014, 03:20
... average rate % 14 12 10 fixed rate 2007 2005 2003 20 01 1999 19 97 19 95 19 93 19 91 1989 19 87 19 85 19 83 19 81 1979 19 77 19 75 19 73 19 71 1969 19 67 19 65 19 63 19 61 1959 19 57 19 55 19 53 10 -year U.S Treasury ... 17 4 0 .10 0.22 16 8 0.38 0. 61 168 0.63 1. 35 16 4 1. 88 7.08 15 5 0.22 0.38 14 9 1. 82 8.78 14 8 0. 51 3.93 14 1 4.07 9 .15 13 8 2.03 10 .67 12 8 1. 22 3 .12 12 4 9.37 18 .35 12 0 2.99 7.76 333 1. 92 4.93 15 3 0 .13 ... May 1, 2005 Figure 1: Total bond sales in Israel US$ million 1, 569 1, 600 1, 400 1, 310 1, 283 1, 202 1, 200 1, 000 1, 145 982 1, 119 1, 049 1, 000 924 872 785 800 600 400 200 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 2000 2001...
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A Green Venture Fund to Finance Clean Technology for Developing Countries potx

A Green Venture Fund to Finance Clean Technology for Developing Countries potx
Ngày tải lên : 30/03/2014, 12:20
... following organizations and experts were interviewed in preparation of this paper (listed in alphabetical order): 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Actis (Lucy Heintz and Ritu Kumar) Asian Development ... Environment Fund IV Nature Elements Capital Fund Vintage 2 010 2009 2 010 2009 2 011 2 010 2 010 2 010 2 010 2 010 Target Size (Mn USD) 2,949 2,923 1, 475 1, 4 61 500 500 500 400 350 350 Fund Status First Close ... 2 011 a Clean Energy Investment Storms to New Record in 2 010 Press release, 11 January 2 011 Available from: http://bnef.com/Download/pressreleases /13 4/pdffile/ Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2 011 b...
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Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 1 pdf

Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 1 pdf
Ngày tải lên : 09/08/2014, 14:22
... prices of oil, see Figure 1( a), which shows that, in 19 60 the oil prices were well below the cost -of living curve1 (Qurashi, 19 83), whereas they M.M Qurashi, “Sci & Tech in Islamic World”, 1, 19 83, ... fifth of world’s population consume four-fifths of world’s fossil fuels In 19 73, the oil-producing countries decided to increase the price of crude oil by a factor of five from dollars to 10 dollars ... 1, 19 83, pp 11 9 -12 6 Figure 1( a) were well above it in the late nineteen seventies, and still continue to rise, although with some fluctuations from time to time substantial inputs of Power are...
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Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 2 pdf

Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 2 pdf
Ngày tải lên : 09/08/2014, 14:22
... be in the range of (billions of tones of carbon) 550-750 750 -1, 100 970 -1, 270 1, 090 -1, 430 1, 220 -1, 610 Average emission in 19 90- 210 0 would be in the range of (billions of tones of carbon per year) ... year) 5.7-5.9 7.9-9.0 10 .2 -10 .8 10 .0 -11 .8 12 .7 And peak emissions (billions of tones of carbon per year) 9.5 11 12 .5 13 .5 15 In the year 2 012 2030 2050 2060 2075 Table 2 .1: IPCC Scenarios for ... October 19 82) Figure - : Showing the schematic representation by C Marchetti of the rise and fall of the market shares of varius energy-forms over the period from 18 50 to 210 0 A.D The development of...
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Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 3 ppt

Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 3 ppt
Ngày tải lên : 09/08/2014, 14:22
... gigajoule) 20-40 35-70 50 -10 0 Comments Costs declined fivefold from 19 85 to 19 95 Steam cycle of 25 megawatts Brazil data Declined by factor of three since 19 80s Based on costs of $ 5 -10 /peak watt Costs ... challenges of Sustainability” 2000 UNDP Report, p 396 - 20 - Source : World Bank 19 96 Figure 11 : Use of Biomass as a cooking fuel relative to GNP per capita in 80 countries The cumulative impact of ... estimate of 1. 1 Million Solar Home System and Solar lanterns exist in rural areas of developing countries Solar Home Systems The figures in some developing countries are as follows : - 18 - India...
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Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 4 potx

Renewable energy technologies for developing countries phần 4 potx
Ngày tải lên : 09/08/2014, 14:22
... Tobacco Sticks 13 8 .11 13 8 .11 0. 01 242,359. 51 5,469.87 47, 212 .96 295,042.34 15 .50 82 .14 1. 85 16 . 01 100 Total % Share 8.88 Total T.E.C (millions) Domestic Source : Renewable Sources of Energy ... reached the level of $300/kWe where such generators can be regarded as economically viable - 34 - Country 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 2000 20 01 Japan 16 .5 16 .4 21. 2 35 49 80 12 8.6 17 1.22 US 25.64 ... in table 3.7 19 98 Short term (to 2005) Medium term (2005 -15 ) Long term (after2 015 ) Modules 3-4 1- 2 0.5 -1. 0 ≤0.5 Balance of system 2-6 1- 2 0.5 -1. 0 ≤0.5 Turnkey systems 5 -10 2-4 1- 2 1. 0 Element...
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