... *Corresponding authors: h
Performance evaluation of
space–time–frequency spreading for MIMO
OFDM–CDMA systems
Haysam Dahman
∗
and Yousef Shayan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Concordia ... wireless communications systems. An important advantage of using STF-
domain spreading in MIMO OFDM–CDMA is that the maximum number of users supported
11
D. PerformanceEvaluation for Zero Forcing ... This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted
PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon.
Performance evaluationof space-time-frequency...
... number of
users.
D. PerformanceEvaluation for Zero Forcing Receiver
In this section, we will calculate probability of bit error
for Zero-Forcing receiver (ZF) [18,19] to examine the
performance of ... 2011:139
http://asp.eurasipjournals.com/content/2011/1/139
Page 12 of 13
RESEARCH Open Access
Performance evaluationof space-time-frequency
spreading for MIMO OFDM-CDMA systems
Haysam Dahman
*
and Yousef Shayan
Abstract
In ... for OFDM-CDMA system with 4Tx, 2Rx of the prop osed scheme (solid) and 2D OFDM-C DMA (dotted) in a
slow fading frequency-selective environment.
S
N
R
dB
Number of Users
Proposed OFDM-CDMA
2D OFDM-CDMA
0
2
46
8
10...
... 4.5). Finally, the model evaluation is
made by means of stochastic simulation (Section 4.3).
4.3. Evaluation. The evaluation is made by means of sim-
ulation. The facilites of CPN Tools have been ... using sharpe,” in Proceedings of
the 11th Internat ional Conference on Computer Performance
Evaluation. Modelling Techniques and Tools, vol. 1786 of
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 345–349, ... contribution of this work
was the development of a computational tool to automate
same steps of the proposed methodology. The tool was
named PECES (Performance and Energy Consumption
Evaluation of Embedded...
... lines. Thus one of the most treasured prizes of the
80s hacker is a phone number to some mystery computer.
Computers of this era might be running any of dozens of arcane operating systems and ... their computers have been attacked.”
Besides, of the computer crimes that *are* reported, few are ever solved.
SO, ARE HACKERS A BIG CAUSE OFCOMPUTER DISASTERS?
According to the Computer ... to put computer criminals behind bars.
COMPUTER CRIMES: HOW COMMON? HOW OFTEN ARE THEY REPORTED?
The FBI’s national Computer Crimes Squad estimates that between 85 and 97 percent of computer...
... 64MB of memory, and 2 GB of disk
space. On newer computers the performanceof the operating system is extremely fast. The list
below gives some idea of the capabilities, but complete lists of ... diskless computer with a few MB of memory. On the other end of the spectrum,
Linux will run on most high end computer systems. An average user would expect reasonable per-
formance on a computer ... many lower priced computers. By
the end of the 1980s most universities were making use of Unix computers in computer science
and engineering programs. This created a wealth of graduates who...
... book offers a comprehensive coverage to the mechanics of
microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are analyzed from a
mechanical engineer’s viewpoint as devices that transform an input form of
energy, ... solid understanding of the principles governing the mechanics of
MEMS, and would hopefully enhance the efficiency of modeling and
designing reliable and desirably-optimized microsystems. The work
represents ... review of the main
tools enabling stiffness/compliance characterization of MEMS as it lays the
foundation of further developments in this book. Included are basic topics
from mechanics of materials...
... the animation of both the systems
along with the graphs of Displacement Vs. time just below the animation window of each of the suspension
system. By comparing the performanceof the passive ... objectives of this project have been
achieved. Dynamic model for linear quarter car suspensions systems has been formulated and derived. Only one
type of controller is used to test the systemsperformance ...
[5] Prof. Dr. Yahaya Md. Sam, “Robust Control of Active Suspension System for A Quarter Car Model”, Thesis from University
Teknology Malaysia, December 2006.
PerformanceEvaluationof Active...
... [47]
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PERFORMANCEEVALUATION
OF MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES OF INDIAN COMPANIES
Prof. Kalpesh P Prajapati,
Assistant Professor,
S.V Institute of Management,
Gujarat Technological ... source of data is website
of Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI). The study period is 1
st
January 2007 to 31
st
December, 2011. The results ofperformance measures suggest that most of ... Characteristics & performanceevaluationof selected Mutual Funds in India .
9th Indian Institute of Capital Market Conference.
[4] Michael, C. J. (1967). The Performanceof Mutual Funds in...
... reflect proper-
ties of individual systems and application scenarios.
Acknowledgments
We thank Nuance Communications Inc. for the use
of their speech recognition and synthesis software
and Alexander ... Predict Recognition
Performance in Spoken Dialogue Systems
Malte Gabsdil
Department of Computational Linguistics
Saarland University
Germany
gabsdil@coli.uni-sb.de
Oliver Lemon
School of Informatics
Edinburgh ... distinction between out -of-
grammar (WER ≤ 50) and out -of- grammar (WER
> 50) in the gold standard for the classification
of (whole) user utterances. We split the out -of-
grammar class into two...
... to be popular today.
Other, extrinsic, types of human evaluations
of NLG systems include measuring the impact
of different generated texts on task performance
(Young, 1999), measuring how much ... 2005 NIST MT evaluation exercise, used
BLEU-4 as the only method of evaluation. BLEU
is a precision metric that assesses the quality of a
translation in terms of the proportion of its word n-
grams ... and Human Evaluationof NLG Systems
Anja Belz
Natural Language Technology Group
CMIS, University of Brighton
UK
A.S.Belz@brighton.ac.uk
Ehud Reiter
Dept of Computing Science
University of Aberdeen
UK
ereiter@csd.abdn.ac.uk
Abstract
We...
... the issue ofperformance and assessing performance for different
types of computing environments in Section 1.5 on page 25).
Embedded Computers
Embedded computers, the name given to computers ... be driven to opti-
mize price -performance. This combination ofperformance (measured primarily
in terms of compute performance and graphics performance) and price of a sys-
tem is what matters ... of
small numbers of off-the-shelf microprocessors. Even high-end supercomputers
are being built with collections of microprocessors.
Freedom from compatibility with old designs and the use of...
... task-
based evaluations of NLG systems over the Internet
is a valid alternative to more traditional laboratory-
based evaluations. Specifically, we have shown
that an Internet-based evaluationofsystems ... increased
amount of data also makes it possible to compare
the quality of NLG systems across different evalua-
tion worlds and users’ language proficiency levels.
We believe that this type ofevaluation ... argue that
an evaluation that is based almost exclusively on na-
tive speakers in universities leads to overly benign
judgments about the quality of NLG systems.
One advantage of the Internet-based...
... average number of reached nodes—
it is a sort of approximated indicator of the “depth” of the propagation process. Since the RE can be
interpreted as the ratio between the average number of reached ... approach is extensively described, for the evaluationof D,
in Appendix 4, but can be directly re-adapted for the evaluationof RE and TE. In the remainder of this
subsection, we outline the final ... conditions—
this is the very idea of IF. The shape of p, as a function of d, is shown in Figure 5, for different values of c
and ρ
s
. It can be observed that the PAF of SIF is monotonically increasing...
... is the sum
of the fixed time from the grant time of the tagged i-packet
to the start of transmission of the i-packets in the next frame
and the transmission times of the random number of i-
packets ... statistical behavior of the BS grant
buffer of a particular SS is independent from the behavior of
those of the other SSs. Therefore, we model the stochastic
behavior of the BS grant buffer of a particular ... range of loads. In this case, the
optimal value of the total amount of real-time capacities can
be determined.
In case of a more general QoS requirement (delay con-
straint), the optimal set of...