pathogens parasites and algal toxins

... most pathogens Washing your hands before and after handling food, and in between handling different foods, is one of the most important steps you can take Do the same with equipment, utensils, and ... touching cooked foods and surfaces used for cooking or eating It’s also important to wash raw foods in sanitary water and wash hands, equipment, and cooking and food-handling surfaces; and keep food ... things like fishcakes and 165°F for stuffed fish It’s important to wash raw foods in sanitary water and to wash hands, equipment, and cooking and food-handling surfaces, and to keep food refrigerated...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20

... toxin structure and function Each of the ER-trafficking toxins CTx, STx, PEx and ricin has a catalytic (toxic) A chain associated with either one (PEx and ricin) or five (CTx and STx) cell binding ... pro-form, and are subsequently activated by proteolytic cleavage This releases the A subunit from its A-B precursor (PEx and ricin) or separates a precursor A polypeptide into A1- and A2-chains (CTx and ... kDa Figure ficking toxins and viruses Generalised simplified retrograde routes available to ER trafGeneralised simplified retrograde routes available to ER trafficking toxins and viruses Association...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Overexpression and/ or acquisition of novel spatio/temporal regulation Transposase (c) Gene A Overexpression and/ or acquisition of novel spatio/temporal regulation Transposase (d) Gene B Overexpression and/ or ... transcription factor (blue sphere), resulting in ectopic and/ or overexpression of Gene A (d) Transposition into multiple genes brings Genes A, B and C into a regulatory network under the control of ... many of the MER85-associated genes are downregulated by UV irradiation and CSB, suggesting that the CSB-PB fusion protein and its binding sites embedded in the dispersed MER85 elements might constitute...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... Species1 Calliandra depauperata Benth *Calliandra debilis Renvoize *Calliandra elegans Renvoize Calliandra duckei Barneby *Calliandra erubescens Renvoize *Calliandra fernandesii Barneby *Calliandra fuscipila ... *Calliandra ganevii Barneby *Calliandra hirsuticaulis Harms Calliandra imperialis Barneby *Calliandra involuta Mackinder & G.P.Lewis Calliandra leptopoda Benth Calliandra lintea Barneby Calliandra ... are mostly deep and sandy, usually classified as latosol, podzolic, and quartz sand soils, but those on the crystalline basement are predominantly shallow, clayey and rocky, and usually classified...

Ngày tải lên: 31/08/2014, 17:54

... Species1 Calliandra depauperata Benth *Calliandra debilis Renvoize *Calliandra elegans Renvoize Calliandra duckei Barneby *Calliandra erubescens Renvoize *Calliandra fernandesii Barneby *Calliandra fuscipila ... *Calliandra ganevii Barneby *Calliandra hirsuticaulis Harms Calliandra imperialis Barneby *Calliandra involuta Mackinder & G.P.Lewis Calliandra leptopoda Benth Calliandra lintea Barneby Calliandra ... are mostly deep and sandy, usually classified as latosol, podzolic, and quartz sand soils, but those on the crystalline basement are predominantly shallow, clayey and rocky, and usually classified...

Ngày tải lên: 31/08/2014, 17:59

... financial cost and resistance patterns of leading nosocomial pathogens (gram) and number of boxes were calculated from two databases, 1) Hospital pharmacy computer databases, and 2) International ... analysis Materials and Methods Results Hospital setting and antibiotic policy: NARP was initiated in Turkey in February 2003 by a central regulation of Ministry of Health and was announced nation-wide ... before and after the initiation of NARP can be seen in table A negative correlation was observed between the ceftriaxone consumption and the prevalence of ceftriaxone resistant E.coli and Klebsiella...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:00

... foodborne giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis (Tables 17.2 and 17.3), and are due to poor personal hygiene standards of that food handler The hygienic practice of washing hands before preparing ... Rodent faeces Food handler 13 88 10 – Noodle salad Sandwiches Fruit salad Tripe soup Food handler – Food handler Infected sheep 27 26 Ice Raw sliced vegetables Food handler Food handler Reference ... Smith, 1998 and O’Grady and Smith, 2002) can be undertaken in vitro by (a) excystation (Bhatia and Warhurst, 1981; Smith and Smith, 1989), (b) fluorogenic vital dyes (Schupp and Erlandsen, 1987a,b;...

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2013, 16:14

... structure and function [4] In this minireview, we focus on how diarrheic shellfish toxins (OA, dinophysistoxins and analogs) affect Ser ⁄ Thr protein phosphatases and their effects on cell adhesion and ... compilation ª 2008 FEBS 6061 DSPs and the cytoskeleton C Vale and L M Botana Diarrheic shellfish toxins and cell adhesion The adherence of cells to each other and to the elaborate mesh that comprises ... adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization [10] Interaction of diarrheic shellfish toxins with cytoskeletal dynamics and organization Although there have been numerous studies employing DSPs, and mainly...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... clupeotoxism) and respiratory intoxications Palytoxin enters the food chain and accumulates mainly in fishes such as sardines, 6068 herrings and anchovies from tropical seas, causing neurological and gastrointestinal ... Scarus ovifrons Toxicon 42, 29–33 Vale C & Ares IR (2007) Biochemistry of palytoxins and ostreocins In Phycotoxins Chemistry and Biochemistry (Botana LM, ed.), pp 95–118 Blackwell Publishing, Ames, ... Symptoms include a bitter and metallic taste followed by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, with mild to acute lethargy Several hours later, burning sensations around the mouth and in the extremities,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... SA, and both have been detected in shellfish from Portugal [6], Ireland [2], New Zealand [4] and Croatia [3] Besides PTX-2, four other oxidized forms of this toxin, PTX-11, PTX-12, PTX-13 and ... Polyether toxins produced by dinoflagellates In Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins ‘88 (Natori S, Hashimoto K & Ueno Y, eds), pp 375–382 Elsevier, Amsterdam Actin cytoskeleton disruption by pectenotoxins ... Beuzenberg V, Mackenzie AL, Cooney JM & Holland PT (2006) Isolation and identification of pectenotoxins-13 and -14 from Dinophysis acuta in New Zealand Toxicon 48, 152–159 16 Suzuki T, Beuzenberg...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol For example, mm dithiothreitol caused 72% and 85% inhibition of BHLmL2 and BHAb, respectively, while mm 2-mer- captoethanol caused 85% and 97% inhibition of BHLmL2 and ... resulted in 55% and 51% loss of the initial activities of BHLmL2 and BHAb, respectively These results strongly suggest that Ser is involved in the catalytic activity of BHLmL2 and BHAb and are consistent ... BHAb is a dimer Identification and chemical modification of the purified enzymes To identify BHLmL2 and BHAb, the bands obtained from SDS ⁄ PAGE were digested with trypsin and then analyzed by LC-MS...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... [35,36,41] Detection of native AsPPase activity and inhibition by IDP and NaF of larval development and molting Native enzyme activity in L3 soluble extracts and in ES products was detected by PPase-activated ... development and molting process of A suum larvae and to test whether this could be targeted by inhibitors We used IDP, a nonhydrolyzable PPi analogue, and NaF, a well known inhibitor of Family I and ... DNA, RNA, proteins and polypeptides [8] In addition, several investigators have demonstrated that both IDP and NaF selectively inhibited the plant and protist H+-PPases [42–45] and other potential...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... which are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine Although salmonella and campylobacter spp are the predominat foodborne pathogens associated with poultry and are frequently implicated in ... for almost all major foodborne outbreaks in Europe and the USA In England and Wales ,the first case involving this organism occurred in 1982 and reported cases have increased steadily since then ... on Campylobacter and 16 on Listeria, including completed and on-going studies in both developed and developing countries, as well as those undertaken by FAO/WHO on Salmonealla and Campylobacter...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:20

... described in the Materials and methods phenolic compounds and alginates, etc and hence preserved the enzymatic activity of lamjapin But the efficiency of extraction was still low and the proteins could ... Fast and sensitive detection of protein and DNA bands by treatment with potassium permanganate J Biochem Biophys Methods 11, 13–20 Neuhoff, V., Stamm R & Eibl, H (1985) Clear background and highly ... proteins and also to the low efficiency of extraction Physical properties of lamjapin Lamjapin obtained from the Mono Q column migrated as a single band characterized by both 12% SDS/PAGE and isoelectric...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... strands and 2, and and (Fig 9B), which play a pivotal role in macromolecular selectivity of SVSPs The catalytically important residue Asp102 is also located in this domain and precedes strand ... bridges Cys22 ⁄ Cys157 and Cys91 ⁄ Cys245E are included The C-terminal subdomain encompasses the sixstranded b-sheet and contains two a-helices, one inserted between strands and 9, and the other located ... SVSPs (A) Cartoon and surface representations of SVSPs highlighting the two-six-stranded b-barrel structural lobes (in green and grey) The N-terminal domain contains six b-strands and a single short...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... agents and toxins to its current 82 CDC and USDA agents and toxins The current list includes 40 HHS-only agents, 10 overlap agents, and 32 USDA-only agents (24 animal pathogens and plant pathogens) .� ... SELECT AGENTS AND TOXINS of these most dangerous bacteria, viruses, toxins, and fungi have been officially listed by the U.S government as biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) and are subject ... agents and toxins that might be used as biothreat agents Policies and practices for work with biological select agents and toxins should promote both science and security Not all laboratories and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 15:20

... scutellatus: OS2 AAB33760; P australis: PA11 and PA13, P04056 and P04057; P porphyriacus: pseudexin A and B, P20258 and P20259; and O hannah: acidic I and II, P80966 and Q9DF33 cobra venom group IB PLA ... type I a-neurotoxin and orphan groups II, III, and XVIII In contrast, venoms of B multicinctus, B candidus and B flaviceps have special type II a- and j-neurotoxins [40,48] and orphan groups IV, ... 3FTx-orphan groups and strong type II neurotoxins and b-bungarotoxins, and before B flaviceps lineage split from other neurotoxic kraits including B caelurus, B multicinctus and B candidus [1,48]...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... procedure Gauthier et al [110] and Gauthier and Archibald [58] reported two studies of seven pulp and paper mills in Ontario and Quebec, Canada Total and fecal coliforms and enterococci were detected ... estuarine animals such as birds, frogs, fishes and shellfish, and survive and multiply on the surface of phytoplankton and zooplankton cells [8,21] V cholerae O1 and O139 strains are isolable from the ... principal habitats of type A are the soil and the intestines of humans, animals, and birds Types B, C, D, and E appears to be obligate parasites of animals and occasionally are found in humans [68,69]...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... competes with both a- and b -toxins for binding to rat brain synaptosomes and with excitatory anti-insect selective toxins in insect neuronal membranes We show that Lqhb1 affects insect and mammalian NaCh ... toxins The Lqhb1 group may have evolved after the separation of the continents to depressant toxins in the ÔOld WorldÕ, and to b -toxins in the ÔNew WorldÕ Since the forth disulfide bond in a and ... Agricultural Research and Development grant IS-3259–01 (D G and M G.); by the Israeli Science Foundation, grants 508/00 (D G.) and 733/01 (M G.); and by an EU grant QLK3-CT-2000– 00204 (D G and M G.) References...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... virens: SoilGard 12 G is one brand name For control of “damping off” and root rot pathogens of ornamental and food crop plants grown in greenhouses, nurseries and interiorscapes 48 Microbial ... brand name 53 Beauveria bassiana: BotaniGard ES, Mycotrol O and Naturalis H&G are brand names of this biological (fungal) insecticide 54 Spinosad: Montery Garden Insect Spray, Conserve SC and ... control of mosquitoes and black fly, Mosquito Dunks, Vectobac or other brands Neoseiulus (=Amblyseius) barkeri (= mckenziei): A predatory mite of thrips Dacnusa sibirica and/ or Diglyphus isaea:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 13:28