oxygen deficiency tolerance mechanisms in plants

... receiver domain and a long C-terminal part containing a single-repeat MYB-type DNAbinding domain (Sakai et al 1998) called a GARP domain (Riechmann et al 2000) and the proline- and glutamine-rich ... cytokinins (zeatin and zeatin riboside) are decreased in the xylem in response to drought stress Surprisingly, in the same study, it was found that the level of the aromatic cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine ... Yoshida et al 2002) were determined as positive regulators in ABA signaling Gene encoding ABA-induced protein kinase (PKABA1), which is a serine– threonine type protein kinase, was isolated from wheat...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 12:20

... chilling-induced photoinhibition (Hogewoning & Harbinson, 2007) The individual leaves were divided into a shaded zone and two illuminated, chilled zones Chilling up to d in the dark did not influence ... response in plants 10 Abiotic Stress in Plants – Mechanisms and Adaptations subjected to ozone or inoculated with P setosa Indeed, in ozonated leaves fluorescence yield was lower in leaf veins than in ... margin exhibited a much slower induction of ΦPSII and a large increase of NPQ The obtained results indicate of an increase in sink strength in the vicinity of the wound Chl fluorescence imaging...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... limitations, mainly in regard to oxygen diffusion and equilibration In particular, within a hypoxia chamber oxygen reaches the cell surface after a protracted process, including transport in the chamber, ... detailed investigation of biological mechanisms associated with oxygen deficiency The established method for in vitro investigation of tumor hypoxia is the exposure of cultured cells to defined, oxygen ... in experiments investigating glucose metabolism Glucose oxidase (GOX) does not only consume oxygen but also leads to depletion of glucose in the incubation medium Previous studies investigating...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... iron-containing haem proteins, including cytochromes and NADPH oxidases, were proposed some time ago as potential O2 sensors in a variety of cellular systems In NEBs, a number of lines of evidence point ... [25], suggesting a potential interaction of different ROS-generating systems acting on different timescales Identity of the O2-sensing K+ channels An interesting parallel has arisen in CB and NEB ... reactive oxygen species; TASK, TWIK-related, acid-sensitive K2P channel; TWIK, tandem of P-domains, weakly inward rectifying K2P channel In NEBs, a similar controversy has arisen, in part owing to...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... in gray and light chains in pink Solid black lines indicate continuation of the polypeptide backbone (simple lines indicate the constant parts of the antibody, curly lines indicate the variable ... of Antibodies in Plants 39 Antigen Antigen Minibody Fab fragment Single chain Fv fragment (scFv) Camelid heavy chain Diabody Large single chain Bispecific scFv Single variable domain scFv-fusion ... subcellular targeting of the protein This is a general method to increase the yield of recombinant proteins because the compartment in which a recombinant protein accumulates in uences its folding, assembly,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... others being delphinidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and malvidin Of the flavonols, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and isorhamnetin are common in fruits, quercetin being the predominant ... apigenin, luteolin), flavonols (e.g., quercetin, myricetin), flavanones (e.g., naringenin, hesperidin), catechins or flavanols (e.g., epicatechin, gallocatechin), anthocyanidins (e.g., cyanidin, pelargonidin), ... 12 Regulating Phytonutrient Levels in Plants 311 12.5.4 Metabolic Engineering of the Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Tomato There is a growing interest in producing food plants with increased...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... pathways involved in freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis Freezing tolerance increases in many plants in response to low, non-freezing temperature, a process known as cold acclimation Cold acclimation in ... has been using complementary experimental approaches, including transcriptome profiling, and forward and reverse genetics, to identify mechanisms involved in acquired thermotolerance in plants Transcriptome ... for thought by providing just such an interdisciplinary forum, in which research results, including novel concepts such as environmentally induced increases in mutation rates in bacteria and a heritable,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... due to long range coupling involving vicinal isoprenoid moieties Due to the line broadening, the precision of signal integration is substantially reduced However, within the experimental limits, ... the two competing deprotonation paths is illustrated in Fig for the predominant ES complex A of a sample of IPP carrying a 13 C label in its methyl group; a similar scheme involving a less stable ... by Kleinig & Beyer [37] Inner coronae of N pseudonarcissus (80 g) were homogenized in 250 mL of 67 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, containing mM MgCl2, mM dithioerythritol, mM EDTA, 0.2% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... applied in numerous studies It is well suited for determining distribution constants between environmental media and water, and for the determination of protein-binding affinities (Heringa and ... modelling the uptake of organic compounds into plants any easier However, combining models and experiments gain a lot of insight into the topic, and models can be used to help design and interpret ... coating SPME Sampling Kinetics SPME sampling kinetics were determined for different sample matrices in both static and shaken mode (Table 2) The sampling rates were on average 36% higher in the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... monomer into the cutin In this context, it is interesting to note that inhibition studies allowed LeQueu et al [49] to demonstrate the involvement of a peroxygenase in the formation of cutin of ... generated in incubations of linoleic acid with microsomes from yeast expressing CYP77A4 Microsomes were incubated with 100 lM [1-14C]linoleic acid in the absence (A) or presence (B) of NADPH Incubations ... encoding a fatty acid x-hydroxylase, a putative epoxide hydrolase, several genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids in plastids, including the stearoyl acyl carrier protein...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... metal and wetland Emergent plants influence metal storage indirectly by modifying the substratum though oxygenation, buffering pH and adding organic matter (Dunbabin and Bowmer, 1992) The concentration ... complexation It is the process whereby a single ligand containing two or more electron donor sites binds a single metal ion This is the single most important factor in reducing copper toxicity (Hodson et ... name phytochelatins Phytochelatins are heavy metal complexing peptides composed of different amino acids (r- glutamic acid - cysteine)n - glycine n = to 7, which are involved in detoxication...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:06

... GAL4 DNA-binding domain with CfEcR ligand-binding domain cloned under the control of the 35S promoter in the pKYLX80 vector A fusion of VP16 activation domain and LmRXR ligand-binding domain cloned ... Kozak sequence Interestingly, an increase in the ligandinduced activity of this switch containing the improved Kozak sequence was not accompanied by an increase in background activity in the absence ... containing wild-type LmRXR and CH9, as a partner of CfEcR, in inducing reporter gene expression in tobacco protoplasts The results observed in protoplasts were confirmed in Arabidopsis transgenic plants...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... reduction in seed production, indicating synergistic effects when both kinases are lacking [9] Additional interesting results were obtained by some gene-expression studies The lack of LTR in the ... ferredoxin ⁄ thioredoxin system (Fig 3) The interplay between the kinases and their substrates integrates these varying redox signals and initiates appropriate molecular acclimation responses in the ... thylakoid-associated kinase leads to alteration of light harvesting in Arabidopsis J Biol Chem 276, 32169– 32176 Vainonen JP, Hansson M & Vener AV (2005) STN8 protein kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana is specific in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... expression of foreign genes in plants Gene 61, 1–11 Tavva VS, Collins GB & Dinkins RD (2006) Targeted overexpression of the Escherichia coli MinC protein in higher plants results in abnormal chloroplasts ... Arabidopsis plants were transformed using the whole plant-dip method [42] Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were selected by germinating the seeds collected from the in ltrated plants on a medium containing ... expression in the absence of methoxyfenozide was indistinguishable from the background readings detected in the transgenic plants that were transformed with a two-hybrid gene switch containing wild-type...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... to help attract insect pollinators, giving CYP77A6 an indirect role in reproduction It is possible that the introduction of in- chain hydroxyl allows cross-linking of cutin, leading to reticulation ... x-hydroxylation x-hydroxylation in- chain hydroxylation in- chain hydroxylation x-hydroxylation x-hydroxylation in- chain hydroxylation Epoxidation Epoxidation in- chain hydroxylation in- chain hydroxylation x-hydroxylation ... key step in exine formation during plant evolution The apparent absence of the CYP77 family in the moss genome [58] might indicate that cuticles based on cutin polyesters containing in- chain hydroxylated...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... exists on the role of this protein in the biogenesis of heme-containing proteins in plants To gain insight into this process, we decided to study the role of frataxin using the enzyme catalase as ... demonstrated that frataxin serves as a potential donor to FC for insertion of iron into the protoporphyrin ring during heme synthesis Knocking down the expression of frataxin in human cells revealed ... aminomutase genes involved in the conversion of glutamate1-semialdehyde into 5-aminolevulinate were also determined GSA1 and GSA2 mRNA levels were reduced 50% in leaves from AtFH-deficient lines,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... [43,44] resulting in polyamines such as putrescine, spermine and spermidine show a strong enhancing effect on neurite outgrowth both in vitro and in vivo [45–47] Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) and ... GTPase-activating protein [143] Axonal injury results in a small up-regulation of rhoA, rac, cdc42, and a massive increase in TC10 [144] Inhibition of rhoA in vivo triggers a striking induction of ... Giannakopoulos P, Srinivasan A & Dubois-Dauphin M (2000) In vivo study of motoneuron death induced by nerve injury in mice deficient in the caspase ⁄ interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme Neuroscience...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... consist of an N-terminal domain involved in activation, a central DNA-binding domain (DBD) followed by a tau2 transactivation domain, and a C-terminal steroid-binding domain While in these early studies ... importins/ exportins/karyopherins/transportins), whose direction of movement is determined by Ran, a small GTP-binding protein (reviewed in refs 22, 48 and 50) NPC structure includes soluble proteins, ... early studies the domain required for nuclear matrix attachment was localized to the C-terminal steroid binding domain in hAR, both the DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal domain of hGR were found...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:52

... an intermediate A flow of into1 gas is maintained in the cathode compartment It is not essential to exclude oxygen during electrochemical oxidation but usually a flow of inert gas is maintained ... given in Table 1.1 The reti:rence electrode dips into a salt bridge containing the electrolyte used in the main electrochemical cell, The salt bridge can be te~inated either by a thin Luggin-Harbor ... ring products respectively but in contrast 32 failed to yield a five membered ring product, giving only intractable mixtures This difference in reactivities can be explained in terms of Baldwin's...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 11:20

... India, R Seshadri, 32 Second Main Road, CIT East, Madras 600035, India First edition 1994 © 1994 Chapman & Hall Typeset in 10/12pt Times New Roman by Thomson Press (India) Ltd., New Delhi Printed ... Cataloging -in- Publication data Christensen, P.A., 1960– Techniques and mechanisms in electrochemistry / P.A Christensen and A Hamnett 1st ed p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ... 1.3—Reaction Mechanisms 1.3.1—Homogeneous Electrochemical Mechanisms 1.3.2—Electrochemical Mechanisms with Adsorbed Intermediates 1.3.3—The Direct Detection of Intermediates Further Reading 2— Techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 11:21