overview and design of a campus network

... 217 7.5.2 Multirate Traffic Analysis 220 7.6 Traffic Analysis of CDMA Networks 226 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 Capacity Analysis of CDMA Network Calculation of the Soft Capacity Numerical Analysis 227 233 ... includes as partners ARIB/TTC from Japan, TIA from North America, TTA from South Korea, and CWTS from China The 3GPP2 efforts are based on standardization of cdma2000 for the air interface and an IP-based ... location management, attach/ detach), packet routing, logical link management, authentication, and charging functions GGSN acts as an interface between the GPRS packet network and external packet-based...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 00:20

... appropriate and reasonable empirical data are available for calculating the necessary sample size that would allow a high chance to detect a significant difference across conditions Because of ... rehabilitation (CR) and who will meet inclusion criteria of having had a medical diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and being affected by major cardiovascular risk factors will be asked and ... study) and to a situational concurrent format The first study to establish the validity and reliability of the measure indicated that the a priori scales had adequate internal reliability (from a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:23

... CDMA, GSM, and TDMA The main reasons for the standardization of 3G are higher data rates in the air interface via implementation of a wideband technology, and introduction of new packet-based ... burstiness of some traffic types (e.g., video traffic) and the random mobility of users, as well as a lack of analytical analysis in a closed form, we perform simulation analysis Simulation analyses of ... service area Its main tasks are mobility management (including location management, attach/ detach), packet routing, logical link management, authentication, and charging functions GGSN acts as an...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks TE AM FL Y communication) Examples of background applications are e-mail, SMS, download of databases, and reception of measurement records Table ... in a more transparent way Using the standards, a few large global companies, vendors, and organizations control the wireless market It is expected that interface standards and frequency bands ... systems: UMTS standardized by 3GPP, and cdma2000 standardized by 3GPP2 In both concepts the mainstream is towards: 36 Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks Packet-based radio-access (with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... fluctuations of the random variable is a discrete set of values, the variable is a discrete random variable When the range of variation of a random variable is continuous, the variable is called ... of IP packets in four different AF classes (class to 4) Each DS node allocates a certain amount of resources (i.e., buffer space and bandwidth) for each AF class Classification and policing are ... “Vertical Handoffs in Wireless Overlay Networks,” ACM Mobile Networking (MONET), Special Issue on Mobile Networking in the Internet, 1998 [35] Caceres, R., and V Padmanabhan, “Fast and Scalable Handoffs...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... schemes are applied at the link level for data transfers Also, combinations of FEC and ARQ can be used for better performance Both redundancy of FEC and retransmissions of ARQ increase the traffic ... handover call is resumed nearly transparently to the user Otherwise the handover call is dropped So, a channel in cellular wireless networks may be occupied by an arrival of a new call or a handover ... amount of resources and their utilization Low utilization means bad economy Also, losing traffic Table 4.1 Offered Traffic for a Given GoS ≤ 2% and Average Channel Utilization at Normal Traffic Load...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... University of California, San Diego, CA, 1994 Team-Fly® Characterization and Classification of IP Traffic 165 [5] Feldmann, A. , et al., “The Changing Nature of Network Traffic: Scaling Phenomena,” ACM ... Normalized autocorrelation function of WWW traces: (a) correlation coefficients of wwwtrace1; and (b) correlation coefficients of wwwtrace2 Team-Fly® Characterization and Classification of IP Traffic ... aggregate TCP or WWW traffic Aggregation of traffic lowers the covariance and burstiness In addition, an increase of traffic intensity causes a decrease of these statistical parameters The same...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... soft capacity as an upgrade of the hard capacity So, if we denote with CHard and CSoft Erlang capacity of a cell with hard and soft blocking, respectively, then we may write Relative soft capacity ... traditional telecommunications networks we usually analyze two main parameters: call duration and call arrival rate (or call interarrival time), but in mobile networks, mobile terminals may allocate and ... handover call blocking probability PFh (Pbn and PFh parameters define Analytical Analysis of Multimedia Mobile Networks 201 the grade of service), average number of handovers per call, and call...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... λn,k and λh,k be new call arrival rate and incoming handover rate of traffic class k Also, we assume exponential distribution of call duration for each traffic class Let µc,k and µh,k be call ... the analytical frame for analysis of the hybrid admission control algorithm 8.4 Analytical Frame of HAC TE We assume that A1 and A2 calls arrive according to the Poisson process with a given average ... that is demanded by applications So, a mini-class consists of all flows that belong to the same traffic class or subclass and have equal bandwidth demands per call Traffic class B is compatible with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... probability are considered as QoS parameters of A1 and A2 subclasses, while average packet delay is a parameter of A3 The algorithm bounds call dropping probability of A1 and A2 subclasses and the average ... for A3 traffic) Let E[Di] denote the average packet delay of A3 packets at the base station when there are i logical channels occupied by A1 and A2 flows Then, one can calculate average packet ... Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks viewed as near constant in the analysis of A3 or B applications since the connection duration of A1 and A2 flows is much longer than the packet...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... gateway Class -A call arrival or Class-B packet arrival Class-B packet arrival Class -A call arrival Class-B packet arrival Idle state On-line state Class-B route-timeout Busy state Class -A call ... performance degradation We compared hard and semi-soft handover through simulation analysis It was shown that hard handover experiences a higher level of packet losses than 296 Traffic Analysis and ... technologies are based on their combinations (e.g., GSM radio access is TDMA/FDMA, UTRA-FDD is FDMA/ CDMA, and UTRA-TDD is FDMA/TDMA/CDMA) We may apply hard handover in all cases However, the soft handover...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... [10] Nandagopal, T., S Lu, and V Bharghavan, A Unified Architecture for the Design and Evaluation of Wireless Fair Queueing Algorithms,” ACM Mobicom ’99, Seattle, WA, August 1999 [11] Ramanathan, ... for A1 and A2 traffic subclasses under given constraints on call dropping probabilities of A1 and A2 and average delay of A3 packets So, we integrated the requirements on call-level and packet-level ... and P Agrawal, “Adapting Packet Fair Queuing Algorithms to Wireless Networks,” ACM Mobicom’98, Dallas, TX, October 1998 [12] Lu, S., T Nandagopal, and V Bharghavan, A Wireless Fair Service Algorithm...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... CDMA, GSM, and TDMA The main reasons for the standardization of 3G are higher data rates in the air interface via implementation of a wideband technology, and introduction of new packet-based ... burstiness of some traffic types (e.g., video traffic) and the random mobility of users, as well as a lack of analytical analysis in a closed form, we perform simulation analysis Simulation analyses of ... service area Its main tasks are mobility management (including location management, attach/ detach), packet routing, logical link management, authentication, and charging functions GGSN acts as an...

Ngày tải lên: 11/10/2016, 23:08

... regarding NEMO and MANET, are also introduced, such as Multihoming, Route Optimization, and MANEMO 2.1 VANET Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) are a particular case of MANET, but they are characterized ... every packet being encapsulated and decapsulated both at MR and HA (3) Bottlenecks in HA is an important problem, since a significant amount of traffic for MNNs is aggregated at HA, particularly when ... reports the amount of transferred data and used bandwidth Additionally, the GPS patch appends location information (latitude and longitude) as well as the offset and distance from the starting point...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... is the farad; farad = coulomb per volt; typical capacitances are measured in microfarads or picofarads) 5.2.1 The Virtual Capacitor To implement the law of Coulomb, a TinyOS application was developed ... 5.3.1 Battery Emulation For a battery emulation of 3.49 V and 2000 mAh, we could define a full battery with initial voltage of 3.49 V and a harverster which is equal to zero and a capacitor of 2063 ... 3B37 3A2 8 3B49 3B50 3A2 6 3B53 3A2 7 Controller 3A3 1 3A2 2 3A2 3 3A1 4 3A1 1 3A1 9 3B51 3B54 3A2 0 3A7 3B35 3B38 3A4 3A1 3A1 0 3A1 5 3A8 3A1 6 3B42 3B46 3A2 1 3A1 8 3A9 3A2 3A6 3A3 Figure 12: Spatial distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... channel measurements which can be used for channel characterization and capacity analysis [2] Apart from a general overview of OpenAirInterface, in this paper we present OpenAirMesh a specification ... to transport data traffic corresponding to a particular flow Table 4: Transport and physical channels Each of the transport channels is mapped to a corresponding physical channel of the same name ... norm of a matrix A is denoted by A F E denotes expectation, and EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Table 1: Hardware characteristics of the CardBus MIMO1 card FPGA Components...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... connection and data reliability mechanism A UDP datagram has a header and a payload The application data is carried as payload and the header carries the necessary information for protocol operation A ... parameter to determine the total data transfer rate and packet loss ratio RBUDP separates the signaling control and data communication channel to achieve higher data transfer rate The analytical ... potential Examples of such applications are email, multimedia, distributed computing, and e-commerce As a result, the demand for storage has grown at an amazing speed The amount of data stored is at...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... have been primarily in the areas of cost and capacity rather than performance There are two components of disk performance: transfer bandwidth and access time Although both of these factors are ... simulates the actions of a cleaner until a threshold number of clean segments is available again In each run the simulator was allowed to run until the write cost stabilized and all coldstart variance ... separate data area of these database systems means that they not need the segment cleaning mechanisms of the Sprite LFS to reclaim log space The space occupied by the log in a database system can...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

... processes and variables are modelled mathematically Furthermore, the MATLAB program can convert a MATLAB design into a C-code design in a relatively straightforward manner Hence, this stage of the ... Therefore, data acquisition, debugging and fault logging are realized • × fast A/ D (Analogue to Digital) converters with 10-bit resolution make the computation of accurate, real-time phase current measurements ... to generate a means of instantaneously controlling the torque and flux Field-orientated controllers require control of both magnitude and phase of the AC quantities and are, therefore, also referred...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 23:15

... estimated value is calculated assuming a total sensing capacitance of 60fF Parasitic capacitance and mismatch of sensing capacitance is measured in a way as shown in Figure 5.4 The capacitance ratios ... first-generation accelerometer were performed on a probe station Table lists major parameters of the device Only the ratio of parasitic capacitance and sensing capacitance can be measured, and the ... Integrate During the Sample phase, Vs+ and Verror are sampled to sampling capacitor Ci1, and Vs- is sampled to Ci2 At the same time, integration capacitors Cf1 and Cf2 are reset to zero charge, and...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 23:15