... grown out ofthe discovery ofthe cosmic microwaveradiation background in 1965. Of course, the theory ofthe expansion ofthe universe isan essential ingredient in our present view ofthe early ... 'classic' part ofthe subject, which hasto do mostly with the large-scale structure ofthe presentuniverse: the debate over the extragalactic nature of the spiral nebulae; the discovery ofthe red ... imaginable oftheoriginofthe universe. Just asin the Younger Edda, there is an embarrassing vaguenessabout the very beginning, the first hundredth of a second orso. Also, there is the unwelcome...
... convergent) originof the insert itself (Fig. 3B). Apart from theoriginofthe pro-eukaryote, ValRS data shed light on the intriguing question of the extent and evolutionary significance of LGT[52,53,75,76]. ... ER-specificproteins by means of paralogous multiplication mayindicate theoriginof ER per se. Similarly, multiplication of the enzymes of DNA metabolism may be tied to the origin ofthe nucleus with multiple ... theoriginofthe nucleus,endomembrane, and cytoskeleton. Nonetheless, phylo-genetic methods can still be applied to proteins, the appearance of which might have accompanied the origin of the...
... similarity and the position ofthe intron to the vertebrate type of arrestin (Fig. 1). Therefore, it may bepresumed that the function was lost in vertebrate visualarrestin during the evolution. The branch ... arrestins.Fig. 1. Comparison ofthe amino acid sequences of Ci-Arr with some types of arrestins. The alignment ofthe deduced amino acid sequence of Ci-arrand the typical animal arrestins was ... constructed the correspond-ing mutant for Ci-Arr (V55D). This mutant, however,showed that the extent ofthe internalization was almost the same as that ofthe control (Fig. 2B) in spite ofthe samelevels...
... –gelid, there forge –steam Under naessas genipap, neither gaited Flod under foldan.Modern English Lonely and waste is the land they inhabit, Wolf –cliffs wild and windy headlands, Ledges of ... And flow unseen.Beowuef (printed in the modern alphabet) The history of English begins a little after A.D. 600. English is a Germanic Language of the Indo –European FamilyIndo – EuropeanEnglish ... hollow to his bones, and threadbare, too. ãModern English (1500-now) :the change was the elimination of a vowel sound and the Great Vowel Shift . ...
... in the physical sciences similarto that ofthe theory of evolution in the life sciences. What is intriguingis that the predictions of one seem to contradict the predictions of the other. The ... and theOriginof LifeWalter L. Bradley1.introductionDarwin’s theory of evolution and the development ofthe Second Law of Thermodynamics by Clausius, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs are two of the ... understandhow living systems are able to sustain themselves against the downward pull of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and how thermodynamics affects the originof information-rich, living systems. Finally,...
... amplitudes and rate constants of the two other phases. The above should be gov-erned by the balance between the rate of reductionand oxidation ofthe acceptor side of PSII by the avail-able electron ... correspond to the end ofthe J–I phase [8,28,29]. It is likely that the emergence of a peak for I in the FI curves depends on the relative amplitude and rate constant ofthe J–Iphase compared to the amplitudes ... when the temperature is raised. The effect of DCMU on the traces was to increase the amplitude of step J with the concurrent decline of stepI, and to retard the rise to Fm. With dPQ, the J...
... in the genome of this snake.These findings provide clues to the evolutionary position of the neurotoxic V. a. aspis population with respect to the other snakes studied. The genome of one of these ... with the neutral evolutiontheory, which states that the strong conservation of exonsserves to maintain the function ofthe mature protein [26]. The protein-coding regions ofthe PLA2 genes of ... expected to impair the formation orstabilization ofthe complex, or both, thereby affecting the toxicity ofthe protein. This is probably the case for changesin the residues involved in the interaction...
... proportion of nickel, overlaid by a silicate mantle. The interpretation of their densities is in terms ofthe relative size ofthe core to that ofthe whole bodyand also the total mass ofthe planet ... scientific theory and there are many examples in the history of science that tell us so. The geocentric theory ofthe solar system, the phlogistontheory of burning and the concept of chemical ... by the approaching spacecraft. Altogether eight volcanoes have been observed on the satellite. The basis ofthe prediction was the 2:1 ratio ofthe periods of Io andEuropa. Because of this the...
... scorneth the multitude ofthe city, neither regardeth he the voice ofthe driver. The range ofthe mountains is his pasture. The magnificent description ofthe unicorn and of leviathan, in the ... in the names they give them, and in their reasonings about them. Many are ofthe opinion, that pain arises necessarily from the removal of some pleasure; as they think pleasure does from the ... state criminal of high rank is on the point of being executed in the adjoining square; in a moment the emptiness of the theatre would demonstrate the comparative weakness ofthe imitative...
... other words, there is a propagation of this feature to the subject, where the sense of locative becomes more abstract, e.g. menta/. These types of extensions give rise to other verbs with the ... mappings for the exceptions. For example, the tem- plate consists of two rows, one of thematic roles, and the other of syntactic positions. A canonical mapping exists if no lines joining the two ... Similarly, the first argument position ofthe pred- icate GO is interpreted as Theme, as in GO(=,y,z). The second argument here is the SOURCE and the third is called the GOAL. The model...
... affects the lung but, from the initial focus of infection the bacilli can spread mainly through the blood, but also via lymphatic to other areas ofthe lung and other organs (Leung, 1999). The ... isoniazid (INH) treatment ofthe latent TB infection (LTBI) according to the dynamic hypothesis. This treatment allows the drainage ofthe nonreplicating bacilli, and in the case of endogenous reinfection ... to the mannan backbone of ManLAM. The mannan of LM is directly attached to position C-6 ofthe myo-inositol of its MPI anchor. The M.tb ManLAM and LM MPI anchor is indistinguishable from the...
... coordinates ofthe phenylalanine analog3-(2-thienyl)-L-alanine bound to BH4ặPAH. Preserving intheir model both the position ofthe main chain and the orientation ofthe ring structure, the authors ... equivalent. The equivalence ofthe two conformations was underscored by the fact that the orientation ofthe pterin cosubstrate did notaffect the subsequent placement of amino acid substrates in the ... displayed the expected coordination of the tyrosine aromatic ring towards the iron atom. However, the hydroxyl group ofthe aromatic ring was placed trans toHis290. In contrast to the anchoring of the...
... (2002) Ó FEBS 2002 the activity ofthe TRH-DE released into the culturemedium, suggesting that the increase in the enzymaticactivity is due to the increased synthetic a ctivity of hepatocytes and ... ay be of liver origin. At present we do not have an explanation for the latedevelopment ofthe serum TRH-DE or for the extremelylow activity of this enzyme in some species. Nevertheless,these ... serumTRH-DE are derived from the s ame gene. These studies alsosuggested that the serum enzyme is of liver origin. The present study was undertaken to verify these hypotheses. Indifferent species,...