organic commodity chemicals from biomass

... 40 40 40 20 Organic Chemi als from Biomass INTRODUCTION This article will deal primarily with (he current methods available to generate organic chemicals via fermentation from crop biomass starch ... to chemicals Tong" has recently described fermentation routes for the production of C, and C chemicals from spccific available raw materials The major organic chemicals that are produced from ... ccollumk\ ,J~ ailabilil~ pniluliilll, anti !>OUh:C IV '" 30 Organic: Chemicals {rom Biomass Table CHEMICALS FROM FERMENTATION PROCESSES Chemicals Produced by Structure Elhanol CH,CH,OH n.Oulanol...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... ITS: Organic Commodity Chemicals ABSTRACT This report addresses trade and industry conditions for the organic commodity chemicals, also known as petrochemicals, a category of chemicals derived from ... by Gary F Stolz Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Branch Energy, Chemicals, and Textiles Division Additional input provided by Elizabeth R Nesbitt Chief, Organic and Inorganic Chemicals Branch ... organic commodity chemicals under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) of the United States The United States currently has zero tariffs on eight of the organic commodity chemicals imported from...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... Appendix A of Control of Volatile NR 421.07 Organic Compound Emissions from Reactor Processes and Distillation Operations Processes in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry, EPA−450/4−91−031, ... produced on equipment separate from normal production lines for passenger type tires (b) The requirements of sub (3) not apply provided the combined total VOC emissions from all undertread cementing, ... system that reduces emissions from the surface condenser or equally effective device by 85% An equivalent system or approach demonstrated to reliably control emissions from a process that does not...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... reference plants 426 Organic Fine Chemicals xxv Scope SCOPE The BREF on Organic Fine Chemicals (OFC) focuses on the batch manufacture of organic chemicals in multipurpose plants Specifically ... emissions from the biological WWTP viii Organic Fine Chemicals Executive Summary IV Concluding remarks The information exchange on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals ... Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC Production of Polymers POL Chlor – Alkali Manufacturing Industry CAK Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... characterization of water samples Volatile organic compounds Nonvolatile organic compounds RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Volatile Organic Compound Data Nonvolatile Organic Compound Data CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES ... Concentrations of benzenes in samples collected from well V1 M in April 1987 Concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds collected from well V2M in June 1987 10 13 13 TABLES Depth, ... collect representative sam-pIes from the groundwater monitoring weIJs The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time for sampling volatile organic compounds from wells finished in fine-grained...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... application, and spraying equipment cleanup Emissions of VOC's from automobile refinishing operations are the result of organic solvent evaporation from these process steps Table 4-1 presents the major ... methodology to calculate VOC emissions from their area if enough information from an area shop survey is available 4-5 4-6 4.4 REFERENCES FOR SECTION Letter from R Hick, DuPont, Wilmington, Delaware, ... emissions from automobile refinishing operations will allow planners to: The information in this document (1) identify available alternative technologies for reducing VOC emissions from automobile...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... result from reductions in attainment areas, although the most certain health effects from ozone exposure below the 2-38 NAAQS appear to be both transient and reversible The closure letter from ... volatile organic compounds (VOC) from automobile refinishing is being promulgated under the authority of Section 183(e) of the Clean Air Act This document contains comments received from the ... commercial products study includes a broad inventory of VOC emissions from consumer and commercial products The study showed that emissions from consumer and commercial products in 1990 were large an...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... an economic feasible product from biomass- derived syngas In general, hydrogen can be produced from biomass by different routes, such as gasification, hydrogen from biomassderived methanol and ethanol ... derived from the lignin fractionation of the biomass Lignins are much more thermally stable than cellulose and hemicellulose during biomass pyrolysis (Bridgwater, 1999) The compounds obtained from ... catalytic cracking For catalysts used for hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis oil, Ni-based catalysts were favored in hydrogen production from biomass- derived pyrolysis oil (Milne et al., 2002; Ni...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 14:02

... University of Manchester Do Duy Phai PhD Quantifying organic carbon fluxes from upland peat 21st March 2012 Present organic carbon fluxes from an upland peat catchment were quantified through ... by Bellamy et al (1985) from organic- rich UK soils Indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were quantified through the mass flux of suspended organic carbon (SsOC) drained from studied catchments ... yr from Moore et al (1996) The natural cycling of C can be disrupted by anthropogenic activities Burning fossil fuel is the most well known: global CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels from...

Ngày tải lên: 31/08/2014, 20:46

... Added Chemicals from Lignocellulose x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 World consumption of fossil resources 1990-2040 (taken from [2]) Figure 1.2 Price of crude oil in the period 2002-2012 (taken from ... (taken from [45]) 15 Table 2.3 Materials of Construction 16 Table 2.4 Capital investment factors (taken from [30, 31]) 16 Table 2.5 Fixed operating cost factors (taken from [23, ... period 2002-2012 (taken from [4]) Chapter Introduction 1.1 Biomass: Definition, Composition, and Source Biomass is defined as “any organic matter that is available on a renewable or recurring...

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 17:27

... DISCUSSION Stable water isotopes and concentrations of selected inorganic and organic chemicals from surface and ground water samples from OSPER ‘A’ and ‘B’ sites and adjoining areas in Osage County, ... Results to date, however clearly show that significant amounts of dissolved inorganic and organic chemicals and hydrocarbons from produced-water and oil releases still remain in the soils and rocks ... DOC, dissolved organic carbon; solute concentrations in mg/l;

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... WB8 is calculated from the amount of magnesium ions eluted from WB and the carbonization yield of 25.4%, the result is 19.7 mg/g However, the amount of magnesium ions eluted from WB8 exhibited ... magnesium ions eluted from WB2 was about the same as from WB, and there was almost no effect due to carbonization On the other hand, the amount of magnesium ions eluted from WB4 decreased compared ... and metal ions which are harmful to people In this research, an adsorbent was fabricated from vegetable biomass, to be used as a simple water treatment technology for developing countries, and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... reduce loads from farmland, water treatment equipment containing wood charcoal was devised to enable the charcoal to remove organic matter, nutrients and heavy metals in the drainage from a paddy ... the behavior of TP differs from that of TOC and TN in the equipment The CVs in heavy metals were larger than those of TOC, TN and TP Especially, the CV of Fe changed from 0.73 at IN to 1.47 at ... to remove organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals in a test paddy field was investigated The following results were obtained: (1) The TOC, TN, TP, Cr, Fe and Pb in the drainage from the paddy...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... collected from a closed landfill site in South Manchester, United Kingdom The paper specifically aims to estimate total annual mass emission rate of Nonmethane organic compounds (i.e VOCs) emitted from ... complaints received from the inhabitants of the halls concerning strange odours from the site There is also fear of potential hazards of explosion, asphyxiation and toxicity from methane, carbon ... Discussion As can be seen from Figures 1-3, rather than a absolute (deterministic) outcome, as obtained from the field estimates for the concentration of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) (ppm),...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... 42: Emissions from the exhaust gas incineration of the ozonolysis plants [DSM Fine Chemicals Austria, 1999] and [DSM Fine Chemicals Austria, 2000] 83 Table 43: Emissions from residue incineration ... specific for the production of “Large Volume Organic Chemicals It has been written in order to describe the state of art for the production of organic chemicals, which are produced in Austria The ... Working Group” on Large Volume Organic Chemicals, which was established by the European Commission For this purpose Austrian companies, which produce organic base chemicals have be contacted by...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... of organic solvent; • Cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, and benzene from the cyclohexanone plant; • Cyclohexane from tank vents and vacuum systems from the HPO plant; • Cyclohexanone and benzene from ... boiling organic The liquid effluents from this production plant include the compounds are burnt following: Organic and sulfuric wastes are produced from the esterification • Heavy bottoms from crude ... Guidelines LARGE VOLUME PETROLEUM-BASED ORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING WORLD BANK GROUP streams, pyrolytic gasoline (py-gas)], as valuable feedstock for organic chemicals manufacturing • Aromatics...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... of Organic Chemicals of Emerging Environmental Concern in Use in Auckland 2 2.1 Review of Chemicals of Potential Environmental Concern General introduction This report reviews major groups of organic ... definition also includes imported chemicals This TSCA inventory currently (2007) contains approximately 75,000 chemicals in use in the United States, both inorganic and organic, grouped into 55 general ... and humans Urban stormwaters and sediments are known to contain a multitude of inorganic and organic chemicals from numerous human sources While urban stormwaters in Auckland have been reasonably...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20