methanol production from biomass gasification

... Btu/ft 3 ). 3.1 Gasification Reactions The chemistry of biomass gasification is complex. Biomass gasification proceeds primarily via a two-step process, pyrolysis followed by gasification (see ... Compositions of Biomass- Derived Syngas 19 Table 9. Syngas Compositions Summary 19 Table 10. Biomass Gasification Emissions 21 Table 11. Gasification Capital Costs 22 Table 12. Gasification Supporting ... search on biomass gasification technology was done to determine the current status of biomass gasification commercialization, identify near-commercial processes and collect reliable gasification...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

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Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... biodiesel production: a comparison of di.erent homogeneous catalysts systems. Bioresour. Technol. 92, 297–305 (2004). [6] Minowa, T., Yokoyama, S.Y., Kishimoto, M., Okakurat, T. Oil production from ... Species Program—Biodiesel from Algae (1999). [9] Zhu, M. and Zhou, P.P., and Yu, L.J., Extraction of lipids from Mortierella alpina and enrichment of arachidonic acid from the fungal lipids, ... MAKARA, TEKNOLOGI, VOL. 13, NO. 1, APRIL 2009: 47-51 47 47 LIPID PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE AS A PROMISING CANDIDATE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Arief Widjaja Department of Chemical Engineering,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 10:20

... MAKARA, TEKNOLOGI, VOL. 13, NO. 1, APRIL 2009: 47-51 47 47 LIPID PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE AS A PROMISING CANDIDATE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Arief Widjaja Department of Chemical Engineering, ... been suggested as very good candidates for fuel production because of their advantages of higher photosynthetic eficiency, higher biomass production and faster growth compared to other Table ... indicating that the algae recovered from low pH due to exposing at very high CO 2 concentration. At this condition, the pH was monitored to increase from about 5 to 6.4 and constant around...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 10:20

... ethanol, up from 4 billion gallons in 2004. Production of ethanol in Brazil utilizes sugar and molasses from sugarcane as a primary feedstock. In addition to Brazil, production of ethanol from sugarcane ... million acres in 2005. Yield per acre increased from 46.3 10 Table 8. U.S. beet and cane production, 1980/81 – 2005/06 Total sugar production Share of production Crop Year Beet Cane Total Beet ... the energy used in the production of ethanol from corn. In order to estimate the costs of processing raw and refined 1 The Economic Feasibility Of Ethanol Production From Sugar In The United...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... sugar production. All of Brazil’s sugar production is from sugarcane. The European Union, the world’s leading sugar beet producer, is ranked second with 21.233 million metric tons of sugar production. ... are used in the production of sorghum. Total production of sorghum increased from 579 million bushels in 1980 to a record high of over one billion bushels in 1985. Sorghum production declined ... ethanol production. For this report, production and processing costs of sugarcane and sugar beets were updated from published USDA estimates in order to estimate the cost of producing ethanol from...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... hydrolysis. Energy Biomass Wastes 13:1281- 93. 16. Green M, Kimchie S, Malester I, Shelef G, Rugg B. 1990b. Ethanol production from municipal solid waste via acid hydrolysis. Energy from Biomass and ... MSW from green bins In the West Valley MRF and Transfer Station alone, the daily amount of MSW collected from different bins is as high as about 400 tons from blue bins, about 2000 tons from ... from green bins. MSW from blue bins contains recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, plastic, glass and cans, while that from green bins contains grass and woody wastes. Comparing with MSW from...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... fuel source begins to reflect various economic factors differently as biomass crops for energy production arc taken under consideration. Ethanol production from plant biomass is being slutlicc.f I:xlcnsivcly by various rc- search laboratories throughout the world. BellamyH and Brooks et ... basic considerations in search of microorganisms with potential for microbial production of methanol. No attempt will be made to discuss the voluminous literature relative to the microbial production of methanol. Since petroleum feedstocks ... as an intermediate in chemical manufacture. Methanol can be produced by the destructive distillation of wood: however, most methanol is derived from carbon monoxide with hydrogen reaction. ,. In nature. meth- anol arises from the breakdown of methyl...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... metric tpd biomass- to -methanol plant based on gasification, with a production cost of $15/GJ ($0.90/gal of methanol) , is reported by Williams et al. [16] in 1991$ for $45/dry metric ton of biomass. ... results from these studies is usually ±30% of the actual cost [5]. Previous studies of gasification- based biomass- to-liquid production plants estimate the cost of transportation fuels to range from ... Reactions Occurring within the Reduction Stage of Gasification 3 Table 2. Previous Techno-Economic Studies of Biomass- Gasification Biofuel Production Plants 15 Table 3. Process Configurations...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... developed to produce methanol from various sources, the most recent being from conversion of natural gas or coal. Traditionally, the primary uses of methanol have been for chemical production, as either ... Industry Applications of methanol in the energy industry may be via four approaches: methanol- to-gasoline conversion, methanol to MTBE for reformulated gasoline, neat methanol or methanol blends as ... methanol and oxygenates provide ample opportunities and challenges for business and research and development. 1.5.1 Production of Methanol Global methanol demand will increase about 8%/year from...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:01

... increased from 77.49% to 90.59% when the molar ratio was increased from 6:1 to 14:1. However, beyond the molar ratio of14:1,the excessivelyaddedmethanol had nosignificant effect on the production ... increase of methanol content. Therefore, we could concludethatto elevatethe biodiesel productionyield an excess methanol feed was effective to a certain extent and the optimum molar ratio of methanol ... heterogeneous WO 3 /ZrO 2 catalyst for production of biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 2010;101:S59e61. [10] Lou WY, Zong MH, Duan ZQ. Efficient production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid-containing...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 08:42

... acid from milk permeate in anaero- bic thermophilic fermentation was demonstrated with a mixed culture of C. thermolacticum and M. thermoautotrophica ; the former for lactic acid production from ... for acetic acid production from lactic acid. In batch culture experiments without pH control, an ac- etate yield of 4.83 mol per mol lactose fermented was obtained. The overall acetate yield from lac- tose ... hyperther- mophilic obligate anaerobic bacteria from extraction juices of beet sugar factories. Int. Sugar J. 75, 237–241; 271–275. Huang, Y., Yang, S.T., 1998. Acetate production from whey lactose using co-immobilized...

Ngày tải lên: 05/05/2014, 08:44

... Aldrich Cat# B103500 - ≥99% Butanol: Sigma Aldrich Cat# 360465 - ACS reagent, ≥99.4% Butanol Production from Clostridia Fermentation David L. Hanson Chem 4101 December 9, 2011 Studies Needed to ... and measure butanol concentration over time to determine if production is stable and continuous. Problem: Currently, butanol production is a discontinuous process. The acetic acid and butyric ... acids are then reintroduced to restart the process. This discontinuity adds to the high cost of production. Hypothesis: By determining the individual rates at which the carboxylic acids are utilized...

Ngày tải lên: 15/05/2014, 01:28

... K., 2006. An overview of hydrogen production from biomass. Fuel Processing Technology 87, 461–472. Nigam, P.S., Singh, A., 2010. Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources. Progress ... biomass- de- rived syngas. In general, hydrogen can be produced from biomass by different routes, such as gasification, hydrogen from biomass- derived methanol and ethanol via steam reforming (Milne et al., 2002; ... catalytic cracking. For catalysts used for hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis oil, Ni-based catalysts were favored in hydrogen production from biomass- derived pyrolysis oil (Milne et al., 2002; Ni...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 14:02

... in production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Chem. Eng. Technol., 32: 517-526. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800442 Latif, F. and B.I. Rajoka, 2001. Production of ethanol and xylitol from ... Invensys, equipment donation from Falcon Engineering (Pty) Ltd, South Africa, raw material supply from SABMiller of Alrode, South Africa and moral and technical support from John Cluett of IBD ... bioethanol production. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 43: 120-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.02.007 Cao, N.J., M.S. Krishnan, J.X. Du, C.S. Gong and N.W.Y. Ho et al., 1996. Ethanol production from...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 18:20