optical switching in transport networks applications requirements architectures technologies and solutions

... protection switching in optical networks, please refer to [2-8, 13, 14] This paper focuses on the routing issue for protection switching In particular, we study the problem of finding a pair of disjoint ... Suurballe and R Tarjan, “A quick method for finding shortest pairs of disjoint paths,” Networks, vol 14, 1984, pp.325-336 [17] D Sidhu, R Nair and S Abdallah, “Finding disjoint paths in networks, ” in ... node-disjoint and edge-disjoint paths problems, by defining F in different ways For example, if each Si in F contains exactly one edge in G such that each edge in the graph is represented by a set in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 23:20

... 2005 [12] Sushant Jain, Kevin Fall, and Rabin Patra Routing in a delay tolerant network In Pro­ eedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for c Computer ... Harras and Kevin C Almeroth Inter-regional messenger scheduling in delay tolerant mobile networks In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks ... LAN In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM Mobicom), pp 170–184, 2005 [11] Sushant Jain, Mike Demmer, Rabin Patra, and Kevin Fall Using...

Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 00:52

... the intra-domain routing, and one for carrying the inter-domain label through the tunnel In multiprotocol label switching ATM networks, the tunnel label is mapped onto the VPI field and the inter-domain ... of the binding at the incoming interface to the VPI/VCI of the binding at the outgoing interface The LIM block keeps these connections current with existing label bindings Layer-3 forwarding The ... labelbinding information, to support unicast destination-based routing with forwarding based on label-swapping; • to specify standard protocol(s) for the maintenance and distribution of labelbinding...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2014, 08:29

... Internet applications have become more demanding and versatile Among today’s applications are interactive applications demanding a quick response time, bulk data transfer applications requiring ... link The TCP receiver in Freeze-TCP advertises a zero window in case of an imminent link failure The sender reacts to the zero window advertisement by freezing all retransmit timers and entering ... networking is becoming a new way of gaining access to the Internet The wireless link is known to be unreliable and improving the performance of applications over such links continues to be a concern...

Ngày tải lên: 28/11/2015, 13:43

... segments A and B: Let the maximum-indexed input among those falling into segment A be iA , and the minimum-indexed and the maximum-indexed inputs among those falling into segment B be iB1 and iB2 ... reached by any k inputs without distinguishing the order Finally, we show that the design of WDM optical switching networks in this section is optimal Theorem 5: A single stage WDM switching network ... designs for permutation and multicast switching networks under the single stage and three-stage implementations Since single stage switching networks for permutation and multicast have the same...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 04:15

... switching Wavelength switching Subwavelength switching Optical circuit switching (OCS) Optical burst switching (OBS) Optical packet switching (OPS) Optical switching networks 25 same incoming fiber ... categorize connections in optical switching networks is to look at the switching granularity (Finn and Barry, 1996) In optical switching networks, connections between source and destination may be switched ... backbone networks in order to cope with the ever-increasing amount of traffic originating from an increasing number of users and bandwidth-hungry applications As shown in Fig 2.1, optical switching networks...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:15

... Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing NGI Next Generation Internet OCS Optical Circuit Switching OPS Optical Packet Switching OBS Optical Burst Switching OS Optical Switching OXC Optical Cross-Connects ... NGI: optical circuit switching (OCS, in some literatures, is referred as wavelength switching or wavelength routed) [3], optical packet switching (OPS) [4] and optical burst switching (OBS) [5] In ... 1.1.3 Optical Burst Switching (OBS) 1.2 RESOLVING CONTENTION IN OPTICAL SWITCHING TECHNOLOGIES 1.2.1 Contention resolution in the space domain by using deflection routing ...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... application software mainly finishes sending disposing and controlling information; The FPGA software is principal part of the system software, and responsible for finishing the realization of ... Mr Do Dinh Duc for his kind assistant, suggestion on explaining FPGA implementation, and for providing an excellent atmosphere at Arrive technologies Lab, and guidance especially in using AT ... fed into MAC in the FPGA The Gigabit Ethernet interface operates at 125MHz, providing a Gbps halfduplex throughput The main blocks in this interface include MAC controller, RXFIFO and TX-FIFO, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/11/2015, 23:35

... Principles o Traffic shaping l l leaky bucket token bucket o Scheduling strategies l l l l l FIFO Priority Round Robin Fair Queueing RED o IntServ o DiffServ Queue Management Improving QOS in ... in IP Networks o IETF groups are working on proposals to provide better QOS control in IP networks, i.e., going beyond best effort to provide some assurance for QOS o Work in Progress includes ... above); o PRINCIPLE 2: provide protection (isolation) for one class from other classes o Require Policing Mechanisms to ensure sources adhere to bandwidth requirements; Marking and Policing need...

Ngày tải lên: 06/04/2013, 11:05

... flexible, and scalable With its 65-year history of innovative solutions for managing the physical cable plant, ADC is bringing all its experience to bear in the outside plant (OSP) and fiber-to-the-premises ... link or insertion loss; optical return loss (ORL); and link mapping or characterization via OTDR trace development These tests require certain network features for adequate data collection, including ... including a well-defined path that can be measured with an OTDR and connector interfaces for link loss and ORL Another argument for cascaded splitters deals with the benefit of saving money by using...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2013, 05:15

... context of demand modeling and provisioning For instance, [27] is using a ΔT = interval when measuring the point-to-point traffic matrix in the IP backbone Data are analyzed e.g regarding the mean-variance ... typeset using L TEX To my family Abstract Wireless and Mobile Internet have changed the way people and businesses operate Communication from any Internet access point, including wireless networks ... limitations in the opposite direction at least to a certain extent (and vice versa) 28 3.2 AVERAGING INTERVAL VERSUS OBSERVATION INTERVAL 3.2 Averaging Interval versus Observation Interval The averaging...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 12:15

... phenomenologically be interpreted in terms of interband relaxation Thus, combining the interaction with the optical wave giving rise to absorption and stimulated emission, intraband relaxation due ... direct-transition model result The band-tail effect can also be taken into account by identifying it as an intraband relaxation and including it in  r The refractive index change induced by the carriers ... levels E1 and E2 in the valence and conduction bands, respectively, are given by f1 and f2 in Eq (3.6) Therefore, there are (1/4p3) f2 dk initial states for photon emission, in unit volume and in dk...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:15

... protocol introduced in [46] is aimed at eliminating the instability and periodic losses inherent in both RLC and RLM This is due to the bandwidth inference in these protocols caused by the join experiments ... participating nodes are entire domains instead of individual routers BGMP builds and maintains group shared trees with a single root domain, and can optionally allow domains to create single-source ... multiple incoming links feed into a single outgoing link (e.g., several Local Area Networks (LANs) links are connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN) link) The core routers of the backbone networks...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 17:15

... by using Cisco PIX Device Manager (PDM) or by using the command-line interface as described in the following steps: Step Define the VPN group and password by entering the following command: vpnclient ... Configuring the PPPoE Client Username and Password • Enabling PPPoE on the PIX Firewall • Using PPPoE with a Fixed IP Address • Monitoring and Debugging the PPPoE Client • Using Related Commands ... will use by entering the following command: dhcpd domain example.com Cisco PIX Firewall and VPN Configuration Guide 5-8 78-13943-01 Chapter Using PIX Firewall in SOHO Networks Using the PIX Firewall...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 07:15

... flexible, and scalable With its 65-year history of innovative solutions for managing the physical cable plant, ADC is bringing all its experience to bear in the outside plant (OSP) and fiber-to-the-premises ... link or insertion loss; optical return loss (ORL); and link mapping or characterization via OTDR trace development These tests require certain network features for adequate data collection, including ... splice points and/ or access point connectors, to the optical network terminals (ONTs) at 32 homes The cascaded splitter approach is normally configured with a 1x4 splitter residing in the OSP...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2013, 13:15

... significance, and must be unique within all interconnected network segments TCP/IP uses IP addresses as the logical addressing method The following sections look at IP addresses in more detail IP Addressing ... identifying from a global perspective What we mean by global perspective is that the address is unique on all interconnected networks, such as all internal networks in an organization, or in a truly ... 2,097,152 total networks (221) with each network containing 256 host IDs (28) In addition to the public address space, there are two additional address spaces, one for use in multicasting and the other...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 06:15

... flexible, and scalable With its 65-year history of innovative solutions for managing the physical cable plant, ADC is bringing all its experience to bear in the outside plant (OSP) and fiber-to-the-premises ... link or insertion loss; optical return loss (ORL); and link mapping or characterization via OTDR trace development These tests require certain network features for adequate data collection, including ... including a well-defined path that can be measured with an OTDR and connector interfaces for link loss and ORL Another argument for cascaded splitters deals with the benefit of saving money by using...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 22:15

... reading the following documentation for more information on MTU and fragmentation in IPv6 A good starting point for understanding MTU and Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) for IPv6 is with RFC 2460 and ... and marking of ingress packets from the access layer), for security (controlling DoS, snooping and unauthorized access for ingress traffic in the access layer), and for a combination of QoS and ... that the links between the access layer and distribution layer are now routed links instead of trunked Layer links IPv6 addressing and routing is configured on the new links, and the hosts in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 06:16

... values in connectors include Insertion Loss, Reflectance, Core Alignment (Apex Offset), and End Face Polishing Insertion Loss is the measure of reduction in signal caused by inserting a component, ... understand why APC connectors are used in a PON optical network, it is important to understand the theory and technology involved when converting an analog RF video signal to an analog optical ... remains in an analog format and is not digitized The inherent qualities of an analog RF video signal remain when converted the optical signal, but there are some disturbing effects when a high optical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 08:17

... thoroughly investigating the problem domain With an understanding of the privacy risk environment in information networks, we have a good starting-point for recognising, mitigating or preventing intrusions ... technologies and infrastructures are being rapidly introduced into the daily lives of users, complexity is rising Vulnerabilities in Internet systems and networks are therefore more eminent and greater in ... is the individual’s right to choose Given this, the definitions by Brandeis and Warren, and by Westin have been used as starting points in order to define national and international rules and regulations...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33