optical fibers and their applications

... light and pumping light carefully aligned and without the use of a polarizer (see Figure 3) Measurements of input probe light were taken with an optical power meter and of output power with an optical ... the coupler, and the states of polarization of the pumping and signal at input into the HNL-DSF are in alignment The output was measured by an optical spectrum analyzer to find idler optical power ... could be carried out by all -optical means 23), 24) This was because it was realized that as dispersion-managed systems become more widely used and the demand for RDF and other fiber having normal...

Ngày tải lên: 16/07/2014, 08:55

... Cl (1.6) (1.7) In Equations (1.6) and (1.7) Ll and Cl represent the inductance and capacitance per unit length of the line, and ε and µ are the permittivity and permeability of the transmission ... developed using standard thin-film deposition techniques such as sputtering, and physical or chemical vapor deposition Their use in sensors and actuators is inherently limited by the quality and repeatability ... capacitance and resistance, and mechanical mass and friction, the constitutive relations for this device can be derived for the current (i) and force (F ), in terms of displacement (x) and flux linkage...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:18

... years, and we are increasingly leaning towards their applications in microwave and millimeter wave systems, and even in optical systems Apart from having the advantages of bulk production, and being ... 1943– RF MEMS and their applications / Vijay K Varadan, K.J Vinoy, and K.A Jose Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-470-84308-X (alk paper) Radio circuits–Equipment and supplies ... RF MEMS and Their Applications RF MEMS and Their Applications Vijay K Varadan K.J Vinoy K.A Jose Pennsylvania State University,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:18

... elements, their rejecter and retainer minors, their simple and scaled cofactors, their row and column vectors, and their derivatives have all been expressed in a notation which we believe is simple and ... space and will be used exclusively in this and later chapters However, many properties of particular determinants can be proved by performing a sequence of row and column operations and in these applications, ... adjective first and to refer simply to minors and cofactors and it is convenient to regard Mij and Aij as quantities which belong to aij in order to give meaning to the phrase “an element and its cofactor.”...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:29

... manure from agriculture and wildlife or leaves [12] This is performed by bacteria and fungi The released ammonium ions and gaseous ammonia is again converted to nitrite and nitrate by bacteria ... photon-counting optical sensor [89] or optical waveguide structures [87] to quantify the coloration, resulting in very sensitive, ppt range, ammonia detectors 4.4.2 Optical absorption ammonia detection Optical ... less than ppb Some optical gas sensors are suitable and the indirect method has a sufficiently low detection limit [24,87,90,99] However, the optical gas sensors are large and expensive, making...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... bands are equal to each other and they merge into one wide band ranging from 476 nm to 533 nm The blue and green bands are characterized by radiation transition of electrons from conduction band ... in ZnS and Co in ZnO, the self-activated luminescence bands characterized by vacancies of zinc and oxygen are extinguished or their intensities decrease In PL spectra of ZnS:Cu, ZnS:Mn and ZnO:Co ... green band decreases Because at high concentration of Cu, it is possible that interaction between Cu2+ ions and ions of the lattice and between Cu2+ each other make the intensity of the green band...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... (2003), 253–321 Sum rules for Jacobi matrices and their applications to spectral theory By Rowan Killip and Barry Simon* Abstract We discuss the proof of and systematic application of Case’s sum rules ... the right-hand side of (1.23) is finite, then the left-hand side is also finite and LHS ≤ RHS Theorem If µ is a probability measure that obeys the Blumenthal Weyl criterion and the left-hand side ... F with F ∈ L1 (dν) and log F ∈ L1 (dµ) 292 ROWAN KILLIP AND BARRY SIMON Suppose first that µ is ν-ac with dµ = f dν and F is positive and continuous Let A = {x | f (x) = 0} and define ν by (5.13)...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... elements, their rejecter and retainer minors, their simple and scaled cofactors, their row and column vectors, and their derivatives have all been expressed in a notation which we believe is simple and ... space and will be used exclusively in this and later chapters However, many properties of particular determinants can be proved by performing a sequence of row and column operations and in these applications, ... adjective first and to refer simply to minors and cofactors and it is convenient to regard Mij and Aij as quantities which belong to aij in order to give meaning to the phrase “an element and its cofactor.”...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:02

... and C.T.C Wall 57 Isotropy of quadratic forms and field invariants Detlev W Hoffmann 73 Quadratic forms with absolutely maximal splitting Oleg Izhboldin and Alexander Vishik 103 2-regularity and ... Richard G Swan 287 Quadratic forms and normal surface singularities C.T.C Wall 293 ix Preface These are the proceedings of the conference on “Quadratic Forms And Their Applications which was held ... a great loss to mathematics and in particular to quadratic form theory We shall miss his brilliant and original ideas, his clarity of exposition, and his friendly and good-humoured presence The...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:06

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:24

... Branch -and- bound Methods and Their Applications, Springer Optimization and Its Applications 63, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1951-8_1, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 Principles and basic ... Scholz, Deterministic Global Optimization: Geometric Branch -and- bound Methods and Their Applications, Springer Optimization and Its Applications 63, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1951-8_2, © Springer ... Skriver and Anderson (2003), Fern´ ndez and T´ th a o (2009), and Scholz (2010) 2.3 The geometric branch -and- bound algorithm 17 2.2 Notations Before we present the geometric branch -and- bound...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 15:25

... that determine the particle size in sonoelectrochemistry are temperature, sonication intensity, and the electric pulse width Its main synthetic advantage is the ability to reduce metals for which ... For example, preparing metallic Mg nanoparticles.The last technique was named by us RAPET It stands for Reaction under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperatures RAPET is being used in our laboratory...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:29

... [0, ) and (3.14) implies (3.15), and the conclusion of Corollary 3.3 follows from Corollary 3.2 (b) Theorems 3.1-3.4 and Corollaries 3.1 and 3.2 all generalize and improve [5, Theorem 3.4] and ... Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011, 2011:84 http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2011/1/84 Page of 13 Lemma 2.1 [5,8,19,20,22] Let (X,d) be a metric space and p: X × X ® [0, ... He et al Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011, 2011:84 http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2011/1/84 Page of 13 Then, p is nonsymmetric, and hence, p is not a metric It...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... independent random variables and NOD random variables are END Joag-Dev and Proschan [3] pointed out that NA random variables are NOD Thus, NA random variables are END Since END random variables ... Probability inequalities for END sequence and their applications Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011 2011:98 Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefit from: Convenient online submission ... independent random variables, NA random variables and NOD random variables, studying the limit behavior of END sequence is of interest Throughout the article, let {X n , n ≥ 1} be a sequence of END random...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... Zheng and Feng Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:20 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/20 Page 11 of 15 Then z(x0 , y) ≤ J−1 [v(x0 , y)], (41) and ... dsdt ∈ Dom(Y −1 ), Zheng and Feng Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:20 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/20 Page 12 of 15 and β(y) u(x, y) ≤ φ −1 ... finite time Then T = ∞, and the solutions of (46) are global Zheng and Feng Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:20 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/20...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... Inequalities and Applications 13 Since then, many results related to this conjecture have been obtained We refer the reader to Bruck 23 , Gundersen and Yang 24 , Yang 25 , Chen and Shon 26 , Li and Gao ... Zealand Journal of Mathematics, vol 34, no 1, pp 61–65, 2005 K S Charak and J Rieppo, “Two normality criteria and the converse of the Bloch principle,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, ... 164, no 3, pp 239–259, 1979 16 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 19 X Pang and L Zalcman, “On theorems of Hayman and Clunie,” New Zealand Journal of Mathematics, vol 28, no 1, pp 71–75, 1999...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Biocompatible CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots and Their Applications as Fluorescent Biological Labels Nanoscale Res Lett 2011 6:31 Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefit from: Convenient online ... was cooled to room temperature, and 19 mg of Se powder was added Finally, the mixture was heated to 240°C and kept for a certain period of time such as 1, 5, 60, and 120 Synthesis of CdSe/CdS QDs ... room temperature and precipitated by ethyl acetate The resultant solid products were further purified by dialysis and ultrafiltration for cell imaging In Vitro Cell Viability and Cell Imaging...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... contributions HWC and CHL presided over and fully participated in all of the work HWC and CHL conceived and designed the experiments CHL and SWR wrote the paper All authors read and approved the ... powders were washed thoroughly with distilled water and 0.1 M HCl and subsequently filtered and dried at 80°C for day To achieve the desired TNT size and crystallinity, the powders were calcined in ... H2PTCl6 solution onto the FTO glass and heating at 450°C for 30 The dye-adsorbed TiO2 electrode and the PT counter electrode were assembled into a sandwich-type cell and sealed with a hot-melt sealant...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... no 1, pp 1–13, 2008 13 Z Yuan, X Yuan, F Meng, and H Zhang, “Some new delay integral inequalities and their applications, ” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol 208, no 1, pp 231–237, 2009 ... from 3.5 and 3.21 3.21 Journal of Inequalities and Applications Remark 3.7 If T R, then Theorem 3.6 becomes 13, Theorem If T following Corollary Z, we can have the Corollary 3.8 Let T Z and assume ... f s uq s g s ur s t0 then z t0 0, and 3.26 can be written as 3.5 s t0 h τ um τ Δτ Δs, 3.29 10 Journal of Inequalities and Applications Therefore, from 3.6 and 3.29 we have zΔ t w σ t , t f t...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... Algebra and Its Applications, vol 428, no 7, pp 1725–1739, 2008 [7] J Peng, X.-Y Hu, and L Zhang, “Two inverse eigenvalue problems for a special kind of matrices,” Linear Algebra and Its Applications, ... Theorems 11 and 12, we have d j ≤ λ(Q) ≤ d j , that is, λ(Q) = d j In this sense, the lower and upper bounds given in Theorems 11 and 12 are sharp Remark 15 When Q in Theorems 11 and 12 has size ... have λ1 (Q) = d1 + f1 Using the improved upper and lower bounds for the arrowhead matrix, we will now examine their applications to hub matrices and MIMO wireless communication systems The concept...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20