once through air handling systems

... path of stability through differentiation Implications for cancer control Systems in chaos are amenable to stabilizing change through a process of differentiation Similarly, systems descending ... affecting the system All terms expressing concepts of this model and systems, complexity, and chaos are italicized for emphasis Figure 1: This model conceptualizes the existence of zones of order ... Int J Med Sci 2007, Concepts This model conceptualizes the existence of zones of order and chaos, with ongoing pendulum-like transitions of life entities through them, from the initial...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... for the Air Force and other services to improve the acquisition of future systems RAND Project AIR FORCE RAND Project AIR FORCE (PAF), a division of the RAND Corporation, is the U.S Air Force’s ... Organization Naval Air Systems Command, Cost Department, AIR- 4.2 Naval Cost Analysis Division Missile Defense Agency xxiii xxiv Impossible Certainty: Cost Risk Analysis for Air Force Systems • Office ... organizations we met with were as follows: • • • • • • • • • • • Air Force Aeronautical Systems Center, Cost Group Air Force Cost Analysis Agency Air Force Space and Missile Command, Cost Group Assistant...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 07:20

... Behavior 97 System Components 98 Single-Component Systems 99 Multicomponent Systems 101 Lean Gas Systems 103 Rich Gas Systems 103 Retrograde Systems 104 Application of Phase Envelopes 105 Black ... Production Operations This page intentionally left blank Surface Production Operations Design of Oil Handling Systems and Facilities Ken Arnold AMEC Paragon, Houston, Texas Maurice Stewart President, Stewart ... 1—Design of Oil and Water Handling Facilities A real debt is owed to the 45,000-plus professional men and women of the organizations that I’ve taught and worked with through my 35-plus years in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:08

... energy systems, photovoltaic-thermal energy systems, wind-hydrogen-fuel cell systems, etc Combined heat and power (CHP) systems have been known for quite some time as a part of hybrid systems ... Cogeneration Systems Based on Fuel Cells and Sorption Air Conditioning 6.2.1 Coupling of Technologies 6.2.2 Concepts of Efficiency 6.3 Modeling of Cogeneration Systems Using ... electric appliances, and a more appropriate handling of air conditioning systems Another strategy consists of the diversification of the use of the conventional systems of refrigeration, based on mechanical...

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 23:06

... Operations, Volume I: Design of Oil -Handling Systems and Facilities, it does present the basic concepts and techniques necessary to select, specify, and size gas -handling, -conditioning, and -processing ... oil- and gashandling production facilities, such as pressure relief systems; surface safety systems; valves, fittings, and piping details; prime movers; and electrical considerations Throughout ... Operations Design of Gas-Handing Systems and Facilities Ken Arnold Maurice Stewart SECOND EDITION Surface Production Operations VOLUME Design of Gas -Handling Systems and Facilities Copyright...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... 12 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and facilities Figure 2-2 Change in AT over distance, counter-current flow of fluids Since the temperature of both fluids changes as they flow through the exchanger, ... Fluid Inlet Hot Fluid Outlet Cold Fluid AT °F °F op 300 200 100 150 200 50 14 Design oj GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Counter-current Flow: Hot Fluid °F Cold Fluid °f AT Side Hot Fluid Inlet ... coefficient, and fouling factors That is, in order for the energy to be transferred through the wall of the tube it has to pass through a film sitting on the inside wall of the tube That film produces a...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... flows through a coil in a water bath, not only is the water bath exchanging heat with the process fluid, but it is also exchanging heat with the surrounding atmosphere 44 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems ... Association,© 1978.) 54 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities are best understood in conjunction with the example configurations given in Figures 3-7 through 3-9 The first letter designates ... procedure OH Sensible Heat Duty The sensible heat duty for the oil phase is: 42 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 2-16 Pseudo critical properties of natural gases (From Gas Processors...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... which case air would be blown horizontally through the cooler Forced -air exchangers have tube lengths of to 50 ft and tube diameters of % to IM-in The tubes have fins on them since air is non-fouling ... the discharge or suction side of a fan, depending on whether the fan is blowing air across the tubes or sucking air through them This type of exchanger can be used to cool a hot fluid to something ... 7.981 72 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 3-12 Double pipe exchanger (text continued from page 65) two fluid streams flow in parallel between alternate pairs of plates In addition...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... water through tubes and make the tubes 70/30 Cu/Ni Flow the gas through the shell Calculate LMTD: Correction factor (Figure 3-10): Calculate number of tubes: 90 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems ... was not expected may eventually require hydrate prevention, or vice versa 94 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities If the composition of the stream is known, the hydrate temperature can ... nbutane (From Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Engineering Data Book.} 95 96 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 4-2, Vapor-solid equilibrium constant for propane, (from Gas...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... 124 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities a Temperature drop through choke Flow tubing pressure, psig 4,000 Heater inlet pressure, psig 1.000 3,000 Pressure drop through choke, psia ... 114 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities The heat duty is best calculated with a process simulation program This will account for phase changes as the fluid passes through the choke ... 112 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities From a hydrate melting standpoint it is possible in the winter time...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... Engineering Services, Inc 151 152 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Table 7-1 Physiological Effects of H2S Concentrations in Air Concentrations in Air Percent by Volume 0.00013 Parts per ... up through the tower contacts the liquid by passing through bubble caps (Figure 6-7a) Each bubble cap assembly consists of a riser and a cap The vapor rising through the column passes up through ... tower and passes through the tray active area, bubbling up through (and thus contacting) the liquid flowing across the tray The vapor distribution 142 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... required Diisopropanolamine Systems Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) is a secondary amine used in the Shell ADIP® process to sweeten natural gas DIPA systems are similar to MEA systems but offer the following ... absorber The solution concentration for a potassium carbonate system is limited by the solubility of the potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) in the rich 168 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities ... of the sys- 172 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities tern compared to other physical solvents, but the heat requirements are much lower than for amine systems, A reclaimer is also required...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... the lean glycol concentration to between 98.5% and 98.9% 210 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 8-11 The higher the temperature the greater the lean glycol concentration, When ... dehydration systems that are the most common methods of dehydration used *Reviewed for the 1999 edition by Lindsey S Stinson of Paragon Engineering Services, Inc 195 196 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems ... minimize foaming and sludge build-up in the reconcentrator The glycol then flows through the glycol/glycol heat exchanger to the still column mounted on the reconcentrator, which operates at essentially...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... 212 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 8-12 Effect of stripping gas on glyco! concentration dehydrators are designed for approximately ... types of packing (Courtesy: McGraw-Hill Book Company.} 216 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 8-16 Glycol concentration vs glycol circulation when n = 1.5 theoretical trays where ... the circulation rate or lean glycol concentration required Figures 8-13, 8-16, and 8-17 can be used to relate these three parameters Figure 8-13 Glycoi concentration vs glycoi circulation when...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... oil from being lost with the overhead 246 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Thus the lean oil, in completing a cycle, goes through a recovery stage where it recovers light and intermediate ... (350 + 110)/2 or 230°F, Then the volume of gas required for heating will be 240 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities The regeneration gas heater load QH is then: For design, add 25% for ... Gas Processing Suppliers Association, Tenth Edition, Engineering Data Book 244 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities In deciding whether it is economical to remove liquids from a natural...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... for low hp vapor recovery or vacuum service 266 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Disadvantages • Must have clean air or gas «Takes to 20% more horsepower than reciprocating * Uses ... maintenance cost, greater fuel efficiency, and longer life than the high speeds 264 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities The major characteristics of low-speed reciprocating compressors are: ... 262 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 10-5 Integral engine compressor (Courtesy of Cooper Industries...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities facturers for a maximum continuous horsepower, speed (rpm), and rod load The rated horsepower is determined by the maximum horsepower that can be transmitted through ... low horsepower air compressors Single-acting process compressors are typically double-act- Figure 11-4 Single acting cylinders (Courtesy of Dresser-Rand.) 290 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and ... forth through packing that is contained within the distance piece The packing keeps the compressed gas from leaking out of the cylinder through the piston rod opening As the rod passes through...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... lubrication system Splash lubrication systems are 314 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities the least expensive and are used in small air compressors Forced-feed systems are used for almost all ... pressure 324 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities (a) Calculate required rpm to give desired throughput: (b) Calculate the clearance that would be needed to reduce the throughput from 106.9 ... 312 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities COOLING AND LUBRICATION SYSTEMS Compressor Cylinder Cooling Traditional compressor cylinder...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... vessels handling salt water and fluids containing signficiant amounts of H2S and CO2 require corrosion protection Common corro- 350 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities SIDE STEP THROUGH ... specification sheet Figure 12-5, Example of pressure vessel shop drawing 344 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 12-6 Nozzle projections (Reprinted with permission from Pressure ... Breaker Details (Source: Copyright © International Training & Development.) 346 Design of GAS -HANDLING Systems and Facilities (text continued from page 341) the smallest inlet and exit pressure...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20