ogata k discretetime control systems 2nd ed pdf

... described using the histogram entropy. For example, let the eigenpairs for G[f] be denoted by λ k , φ k for k =1, ,N. Add up all of the eigenvectors φ k for which λ k =0: φ =  λ k =0 φ k . Normalize ... result is known as Mathieu’s equation, and its solutions are either bounded or unbounded, as for Hill’s viii Contents 2 Dynamical Systems 27 2.1 SystemsofTwoEquations 28 2.1.1 LinearSystems 28 2.1.2 ... introduced a famous iteration that describes the dynamics of an age-structured population. In Fibonacci’s case, a population was studied, geometric growth was deduced, and the results were used to describe...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:09

... Adaptive Backstepping Flight Control for Modern Fighter Aircraft 27 3.1 Inertial position control We start the outer-loop feedback control design by transforming the tracking control problem ... derivatives of ( ) r y t are assumed to be known. The adaptive backstepping design procedure is similar to the normal backstepping procedure, only this time a control law (static part) and a ... completely defined. However, care must be taken because the desired virtual control des,0 μ is undefined when both 0 x and 0 y are equal to zero, making the system momentarily uncontrollable....

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 23:20

... answered numerous questions about QBE semantics and commercial systems based on QBE. Ron Fagin, Krishna Kulkarni, Len Shapiro, Jim Melton, Dennis Shasha, and Dirk Van Gucht re- viewed the book and ... material. I’d like to thank the many students who helped in developing and checking the solu- tions to the exercises and provided useful feedback on draft versions of the book. In alphabetical ... executor) produced by the CS764 class project. Ranjani Ramamurty considerably extended Bill’s work on cleaning up and integrating the various modules. Luke Blanshard, Uri Shaft, and Shaun Flisakowski worked...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 20:10

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... temperature is needed. This can be approximated by: 82 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities (lex'i continued from page 79} FIRED HEATER Direct-fired combustion equipment ... brackish water services. How- ever, because of the design of plate-and-frame exchangers, wherein flu- ids are separated and retained across gasketed surfaces, they are limited to ... used if desired. It is important to select the gasket materials to be compatible with the fluids and temperatures being handled. AERIAL COOLERS Aerial coolers are often used ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... acid with the condensed water. The capacity of a gas stream for holding water vapor is reduced as the stream is compressed or cooled. Thus, water can be removed from the gas stream ... used to separate the acid gases from the condensed water. The water is accumulated and pumped back to the top of the stripper as reflux. With the vapor and liquid rates known, the ... shut-in and dumped to a waste disposal. Thus, the impurities are removed but the MEA bonded to the salts is also lost. For DEA systems a reclaimer is not required because the ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... downward through the bed and water displaces the previously adsorbed gases until 214 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities Figure 8-14. Structured (matrix) packing, (from Koch Industries.) Contactor ... GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities mit some of the wet gas to bypass the desiccant bed. Only a small amount of wet, bypassed gas is needed to cause freezeups in cryogenic plants. Ledges ... back in service to dehydrate gas. The cooling gas could either be wet gas or gas that has already been dehydrated. If wet gas is used, it must be dehydrated after being used ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... have aided, instructed, cri- tiqued, and provided us with hours of argument about the various topics covered in this volume. In particular we would like to thank Folake A. Ayoola, ... Benjamin T. Banken, Jorge Zafra, Santiago Pacheco, and Dinesh P. Patel. We also wish to acknowledge Lukman Mahfoedz, Fiaz Shahab, Hol- land Simanjuntak, Richard Simanjuntak, Richard ... verification. No warranties of any kind, whether expressed or implied, are made in connection therewith. The user is specifically cautioned, reminded, and advised that any use or interpretation ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... Point Therminoi is a registered trademark of Monsanto Company. Dowtherm ami Syltherm are registered trademarks of Dow Chemical Company. UCON is a registered trademark oj Union Carbide. ... viscosity, lb/hr-ft K = coefficient from Table 2-7 Table 2-7 Value of K for Fluid Flow Perpendicular to a Bank of Staggered Tube "N" Rows Deep N K 1 0.24 2 0.27 ^ '"} 0.29 4 0.30 5 0.31 6 0.32 10 0.33 Approximate ... Btu/lb-°F 75°F 240°F 400°F 600°F Therminol 55 Medium Temp. Range Alkylated Aromatics 635°F 550°F -15°F to 550°F 350°F 425 °F 690°F 7.25 6.74 6.22 5.69 f 0.459 0.537 0.612 0.682'' Therminoi 59 Wide Temp. Range Alkylated Aromatics 650°F 600°F -50 D F to ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... flow. J is a divided flow. K is a kettle type reboiler, which is a special type and is best explained by looking at the example "AKT" in Figure 3-9. Kettle types are ... are needed for corrosion control, because the materials would be needed only on the tubes. If the corrosive material is in the shell, both the tubes and the shell would need to ... liquid or where gas is liberat- ed from shell fluid as it is heated. The weir controls the liquid, making sure the tubes are always immersed in liquid. Gas that flashes ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... EXPANSION Choking, or expansion of gas from a high pressure to a lower pressure, is generally required for control of gas flow rates. Choking is achieved by the use of a choke or a control ... stream referred to earlier were reduced from 105 Ib/MMscf to 50 Ib/MMscf, the dew point would be reduced from 150°F to 127°F. That is, its dew point will be depressed by 23°F. Figure ... is eventually reached. 94 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities If the composition of the stream is known, the hydrate temperature can be predicted using vapor-solid...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... calculated as: Table 5-1 Maximum Coil Working Pressure from API 1 2K Maximum Working Maximum Working Nominal Pressure* Pressure* Pipe Nominal Grade B Grade C Size Wall Thickness ... wall thickness may be selected. Very often, the coil length downstream of the choke (L 2 ) is of a different diameter and wall thickness than the length upstream of the choke (Lj). Coil ... hydrate plug or other blockage at the choke, Lj could be subjected to total well- head shut-in pressure unless it is protected by a relief valve. The wall thickness of the coil can...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... or stage. Structured Packing A bed of structured packing consists of a bed support upon which ele- ments of structured packing are placed. Beds of structured packing typi- cally have ... and modified bed heights have made the application of packing to large-diameter, high-pressure distillation towers more common. A properly designed packed bed system (packing, liquid distributors, ... ser- vice and the bed regenerated or replaced. Since the bed must be removed from service to be regenerated, some spare capacity must be provided. There are three commonly used processes...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

... sweetened and dehydrated to pipeline quality. In general, this process is used for bulk removal of CO 2 and is not used to treat to less than 3% CO 2 , as may be required for ... be removed with cartridge filters. Hydrocarbon liquids are usually removed in the flash tank. Degradation products are removed in a reclaimer as previously described. Storage tanks and ... MEA must have inert blanket-gas systems. Sweet natural gas or nitrogen can be used as the blanket gas. This is required because MEA will oxidize when exposed to the oxygen in air. As ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 02:20