note on the implementation and monitoring of livelihood programs

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:22

... impact on the microbial populations in the associated culture medium and eventually in the fish/shrimp’s gut flora, and consequently on the health status and the digestive capability of the larva ... permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food ... based on a number of criteria (Fig. 1.5.). Most of the criteria as identified from the viewpoint of the larva have already been discussed above with the exception of the criterion ‘purity’. One...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... growth depends upon the species and culture conditions of the algae making up the diet, and the bivalve culture conditions. Under practical hatchery conditions, high food rations are often fed, which ... rate and in this way the growth rate and not the cell density is kept constant. Laing (1991) described the construction and operation of a 40 l continuous system suitable for the culture of flagellates, ... between the culture medium and the air. The latter is of primary importance as the air contains the carbon source for photosynthesis in the form of carbon dioxide. For very dense cultures, the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... generations of offspring before they eventually die. The reproduction activity of Brachionus depends on the temperature of the environment as illustrated in Table 3.1. The life cycle of Brachionus ... called the lorica. The shape of the lorica and the profile of the spines and ornaments allow the determination of the different species and morphotypes (see 3.4.). The rotifer’s body is differentiated ... consisting of the head, trunk and foot (Fig. 3.1.). The head carries the rotatory organ or corona which is easily recognized by its annular ciliation and which is at the origin of the name of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... determining the population growth rate, and the rate of colonisation of new environments with limited nutrient resources. Consequently, if environmental preferences and nutritional factors don’t interfere, ... North America and seemed to be unlimited. However, with the expansion of aquaculture production in the 1970’s, the demand for Artemia cysts soon exceeded the offer and prices rose exponentially, ... and of eventual local populations, as well as the study of prevailing environmental conditions. Uncontrolled introduction of Artemia may thus lead to a decrease of natural variability. Therefore,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... over 80% of their cellular water, and upon interruption of the aeration, the now coffee- bean shaped decapsulated cysts settle out. After harvesting of these cysts on a mesh screen they should ... mg.l -1 . The optimal aeration rate is a function of the tank size and the density of cysts incubated. Excessive foaming can be reduced by disinfection of the cysts prior to hatching incubation and/ or ... determined by the conditions and techniques applied for harvesting, cleaning, drying and storing of the cyst material. The impact of most of these processes can be related to effects of dehydration or...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... and may be satisfied through the consumption of seawater, the main concern regarding the mineral composition of Artemia is whether they meet the requirements of fish or crustacean larvae reared ... enhanced the survival of P. monodon PL-15 and the osmotic resistance of PL-10. This has recently been confirmed with the production characteristics of P. monodon PL-10 and PL-20 being significantly ... of cover) and focusing a light source on the transparent conical part of the bottom. Nauplii should not be allowed to settle for too long (i.e., maximum 5 to 10 min.) in the point of the conical...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... and highest production capacities. Application of an that takes profit of the specific aspects of ongrown Artemia: instead of adding the enrichment emulsion at the end of the culture, it is ... colonies fix on the exoskeleton, by preference on the thoracopods, and become only visible from the instar V/VI-stage onwards. The brine shrimp suffer physically, as the movements of their ... advantage of the surface respiration behaviour of the animals. When the aeration in the culture tank together with the flow-through and the automatic feeding are interrupted, oxygen levels in the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... blooms are common, not the least because of the increase of nutrient concentration with evaporation. The presence of algae in low salinity ponds is beneficial, as they color the water and thus assure ... in the pond also depends upon ratio surface: volume). At the onset of the season a ratio “pond surface: pond volume” larger then 3:1 seems acceptable (pond surface expressed in m 2 , pond ... Furthermore, accumulations of dying algae which turn black when oxidized, may also contaminate the salt and be the reason for the production of small salt crystals. In extreme situations the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... frame of the plankton net may be fixed to the pond gates. The amount of zooplankton collected depends on the zooplankton concentration in the water flowing out of the reservoir and on the volume ... However, one should be aware that the greater the surface area of the net the more effective and rapid the filtration. Hence, the upper limit of the dimensions of the nets depends on the ease of handling ... along distribution pipes to the place of consumption, the normal practise is to concentrate and transport the harvested zooplankton in 50 l containers. Under these conditions the survival of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... animals, lower temperatures and short photoperiods. These conditions are generally obtained with aging populations at the end of the season. Collection of the ephippia from the wild can be carried ... resulting in anoxic conditions and consequently in high mortalities and/ or ephippial production. 6.1.4.3. Autotrophic system Autotrophic systems on the other hand use the addition of cultured algae. ... particles from the water. The efficiency of the filter allows even the uptake of bacteria (approx. 1àm). In a study on the food quality of freshwater phytoplankton for the production of cladocerans,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 00:15

... to consider carefully the connections between the chemistry of the atmosphere and climate. These connections are complex and their nonlinearity is exemplified by the fact that concentrations of ozone ... Description and Validation of the MIT Version of the GISS 2D Model Sokolov & Stone June 1995 3. Responses of Primary Production and Carbon Storage to Changes in Climate and Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration ... gas). Consideration of these effects, which may be very important, will require calculation in the EPPA model of the impacts of NO x , CO, VOC and SO x emission reductions on the cost of using...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... preservation to the exclusion of all other uses - generally incompatible as land is set aside for reservation to the exclusion of all other uses - constraints on the collection of plants and ... person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for the use of this document or of the information contained within. Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and ... legal regulations, etc.) ã analysis/evaluation: o Outcomes in relation to the objectives of the innovation o Role of the innovation in the overall economic strategy of the organisation (e.g. specialisation,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20