nomenclature and properties of carboxylic acids

... of female Japanese beetle) Preparation of Esters Fischer esterification (Sections 15.8 and 19.14) from acyl chlorides (Sections 15.8 and 20.3) from carboxylic acid anhydrides (Sections 15.8 and ... increasing number of carbons 20.8 Reactions of Esters: A Review and a Preview Reactions of Esters with Grignard reagents (Section 14.10) reduction with LiAlH4 (Section 15.3) with ammonia and amines ... water maximize ester hydrolysis by having large excess of water equilibrium is closely balanced because carbonyl group of ester and of carboxylic acid are comparably stabilized Example O CHCOCH2CH3...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:13

... introduction of ester functions of dicarboxylic acids or mixed derivatives containing aliphatic ester moieties and ester functions of dicarboxylic acids, 4.1 Acylation with Carboxylic Acid Chlorides and ... important polysaccharide ester of a carboxylic acid, and is prepared industrially or at the laboratory scale by conversion of cellulose with a mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride (10–40% ... [116] [116] [116] [110] Ref 4.1 Acylation with Carboxylic Acid Chlorides and Anhydrides 51 52 Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods carboxylic acid esters with unsaturated side chains,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 16:20

... (VZV) VZV: Chickenpox VZV: Shingles Re-activation of latent infection Suppression of cell mediated immunity Bacteria  Unicellular,  DNA and RNA  Binary  No prokaryotes fission mitochondria ... reducing opsonisation and protecting from phagocytosis  E.g Streptococcus pneumoniae in RTI  vaccination: pneumococcal; meningococcal A and C  GLYCOCALYX loose meshwork of fibrils extending ... cephalosporins and vancomycin lipoteichoic acid, septic shock Beta-lactamases    hydrolyse penicillins and cephalosporins secreted by Gram positive bacteria Within periplasm of Gram negative...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 17:15

... Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipU Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV ... Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Cloning of sipV Construction of pOpacVh Construction of pOpacVh Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW Cloning of sipW ... Construction of pOpacWh Construction of pOpacWh Construction of pOpacSh Construction of pOpacSh Construction of pOpacTh Construction of pOpacTh Construction of pOpacBh Construction of pOpacBh Construction...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... moiety of Arg51 and three atoms of FMN (N1, O2 and O3) In both FeR and M acetivorans avoredoxin, the corresponding residue is asparagine (Asn47 and Asn52, respectively) to which only the O2 atom of ... the Km and kcat values of E coli Fre for riboavin are reported as 2.5 lm and 52.4 s)1 with NADPH as the electron donor and 1.3 lm and 30.6 s)1 with NADH [13] For FMN, Km and kcat values of E coli ... of the logarithms of the concentration ratios for oxidized and reduced forms of the mediator versus that of recombinant avoredoxin Reduction titration of avoredoxin by NAD(P)H The reduction of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... purification yield of the enzyme may be due to several reasons Copper and several other divalent ions stimulated the activity of the tetrathionate hydrolase and they and other cofactors may be present ... hydrolase of A caldus (Eur J Biochem 271) 279 The biochemical properties of tetrathionate hydrolase of A caldus were similar to those of other acidithiobacilli (Table 4) The specific activity of tetrathionate ... method of Lowry et al [27] using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA) The molecular mass and subunit structure of the tetrathionate hydrolase were determined using MALDI-TOF MS and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... mitochondrial isoform (referred to henceforth as MiTK) as described below The cDNA for the cytoplasmic TK consists of 1811 bp with an ORF of 1098 bp and 5¢ and 3¢ untranslated regions of 21 and 692 bp, ... other hand, mitochondrial TK showed activity for taurocyamine, lombricine (30% of that of taurocyamine) and glycocyamine (7% of that of taurocyamine) Recombinant Arenicola MiTK was incapable of phosphorylating ... Alignment of mitochondrial targeting sequences of vertebrate and invertebrate MiCKs and Arenicola MiTK Sequences correspond to ubiquitous (uMiCK) and sarcomeric (sMiCK) MiCKs from man and chicken and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... the method of Baayen and Elgersma [13], with a 500-lL drop of Fod conidial suspension at a concentration of · 106 conidiaÆmL)1; 20 additional plants, inoculated with a 500-lL drop of double distilled ... NaPi buffer, pH 3, and acetonitrile (6 : 1, v/v); separation was performed isocratically, at a flow rate of mLÆmin)1, and the volume of injected samples was 10 lL The amounts of the residual initial ... by the addition of two drops of 10 M HCl Aliquots of each reaction mixture were analyzed through column chromatography [7] to separate and purify both the assayed substrates and the respective...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... lg of platelet protein and 0.5 lg of GST and GST±Rab proteins; (B) an [a-32P]GTP overlay [17] of a nitrocellulose blot of a gel containing 40 lg of platelet protein, 0.5 lg of GST and 0.5 lg of ... form of Rab32 (see Discussion) Fig Puri®cation and properties of wild-type and mutant Rab31 and Rab32 expressed as GST±fusion proteins Samples of platelet particulate fraction protein and of puri®ed ... immunoblot of a gel containing 20 lg of platelet protein and 0.1 lg of GST and GST±Rab proteins, using a : 1000 dilution of anti-Rab31 antiserum; (D) a similar immunoblot using a : 1000 dilution of anti-Rab32...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... Ventricle Robert Anderson Morphologically Left Ventricle VENTRICULAR TOPOLOGY – Robert Anderson Right hand Left hand The Great Arterial Position • The viscera and atria: The types of visceroatrial ... space the position of the heart and the orientation of its apex Cardiac Description the segmental anatomy of the heart the classification of the cardiac lesion the description of the cardiac lesion ... segmental anatomy of the heart the classification of the cardiac lesion the description of the cardiac lesion Left and Right For cardiac chambers: ‘‘left’’ refers to morphologically left and ‘‘right’’...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... The effect of geometrical parameters and material properties of face sheets and core are studied on the face wrinkling of sandwich plates Comparison of the present results with those of plate theories ... anisotropic properties of strength and stiffness of masonry in horizontal and vertical direction, tensile and shear stiffness of cracked masonry, • Concrete yielding in compression, opening of cracks ... tension, mechanism of opening and closing of cracks in concrete under dynamic load, tensile and shear stiffness of cracked concrete, • Strain rate effect of the material properties of masonry, reinforced...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... the cloning and expression of the M tuberculosis tps gene in E coli, and the production of active TPS in these cells The properties of the recombinant enzyme have been determined, and are compared ... regions of the protein with very high homology, for example the sequence of 20 amino acids starting at position 397 of the M tuberculosis TPS, and another sequence of about 16 amino acids starting ... identity and 6% similarity Fig shows the predicted amino acid sequence of the M tuberculosis TPS and its sequence alignment with those of homologous ORFs from several other mycobacteria and OtsA of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... spectra of samples S2 (a) and S3 (b) can be exclusively indexed to ␣-Fe2 O3 , according to standard data (JCPDS 33-0664) In Fig 1(b) and (c), the reflection peaks of XRD patterns of S2 and S3, ... in sample S3 (e and f) B Lv et al / Particuology (2008) 334–339 and outer and inner diameters of 70–120 nm and 45–80 nm, respectively Fig 3(c) and (d) show the morphologies of Fe3 O4 nanotubes ... López-Urías, and Mu˜ oz-Sandoval (2005) n simulated the micromagnetic property of iron nanorings, and they found large coercive fields for din /dout > 0.5 (din and dout are the inner and outer diameters of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:06

... the effect of a mutation in this part of the molecule on the structure and properties of human sHsp Oligomeric structure of HSP22 and its mutants All samples of recombinant HSP22 and its mutants ... The N- and C-terminal domains are indicated by N and C correspondingly All b-strands are numbered and the b5 and b7 strands are shown in red and blue, respectively G104 (equivalent to K137 of human ... loop and in the N-terminal part of the b7 strands destabilize the structure of HSP22 Limited trypsinolysis of the wild-type HSP22 and its K137E and K137,141E mutants Fig Far-UV CD spectra of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... solution and all run at the same time in the same solvent Standards of trehalose and maltose are applied to the sides of the paper to determine the locations of these sugars, and those areas of the ... 0.5, and 10 mM initial concentrations of maltose (left side) or trehalose (right side) Samples were removed at times up to 22 h Properties of the TreS purified from M smegmatis Effect of time and ... formation and characterization of the products The conversion of trehalose to maltose was measured by determining the amount of reducing sugar resulting from the production of maltose The amount of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... studies characterized the properties of GST in hydroxylapatite Peaks and from control liver Isoelectric focusing Isoelectric focusing of GSTs from liver of aerobic and anoxic turtles is shown ... hydroperoxide as a substrate was not detected in Peak off hydroxylapatite Substrate and inhibitor profiles of Peaks and GST isozymes off of hydroxylapatite from aerobic control liver are summarized ... activities, and kinetic properties of the enzyme The current data document the presence of two isozymes of GST in turtle liver that are separable by column chro3608 W G Willmore and K B Storey...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... toward medium and long chain esters of pNP Maximal reaction temperature is 55 °C and LipA shows strong activity in the presence of metals, inhibitors, and organic solvents Based on these properties, ... (1999) Cloning and sequence analysis of the lipase and lipase chaperone- encoding genes from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1, and redefinition of a proteobacterial lipase family and an analogous ... appearance of a zone of clearing Effect of pH on lipase activity and stability Concentrated lipase preparations were diluted fourfold in NaH2PO4-NaOH buffer (50 mM) at various pH values and incubated...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... buffer and 200-drop fractions were collected The absorbance values of these and of the chromatography fractions in subsequent steps were measured at 280 nm and their nonspeci®c proteinase and chymotrypsin/subtilisin-like ... 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 (Na acetate), pH 6.0, 6.5 and 6.9 (Na citrate), pH 6.9, 7.5, 7.9, 8.3, 8.7 and 9.1 (Tris/HCl) and pH 9.2, 9.6, 10.0 and 10.4 (Caps) All buffers were 80 mM The activities of the ... in 30 mM buffers: Na acetate, pH 4.1 and 4.9; Na citrate, pH 5.9 and 6.4; or Tris/HCl, pH 7.7 and 8.5 The activity of each sample was measured after and 90 of incubation For measuring its thermal...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

Ngày tải lên: 21/04/2014, 22:37

... discovery of fullerenes, and the structural perfection of lijima's nanotubes which implied a whole range of exciting properties CNTs have typical diameters in the range of ~1—50 nm and lengths of many ... This general concept of exploiting the inherent properties of nanoscaled materials is not limited to the mechanical properties of a material, since a wide range of physical properties also depend ... part of an 'interphase' In other words, the properties of the whole matrix may differ from the pure bulk polymer in terms of the degree of cure, chain mobility, chain conformation, and degree of...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:11