nickel metal and alloys

... increases for all the metals Section 3.4 (Cobalt Aluminium and Nickel Aluminium Metal Alloys) describes the precise electron density distribution and bonding in metal alloys CoAl and NiAl is characterized ... and Vanadium Metals 4.2 Aluminium, Nickel and Copper 4.3 Magnesium, Titanium, Iron, Zinc, Tin and Tellurium 4.4 Cobalt Aluminium and Nickel Aluminium Metal ... some significant metals and important alloys have been analyzed and reported in this book This introduction chapter deals with the significance and applications of metals, alloys and semiconductors...

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 00:31

... between the conduction band and the hybridized valence band VBi is 2.2 eV, which is the direct band gap; and the band gap between the conduction band and the oxide valence band VBj is 3.1 to 3.5 ... in Metals 2,2.1 Energy bands and the Fermi level Electron occupation in the frontier bands of metal crystals varies with different metals as shown in Fig 2-7 For metallic iron the frontier bands ... valence band mainly comprises the frontier orbitals of oxide ions and the conduction band contains the frontier orbitals of metal ions In forming an ionic metal oxide crystal from metal ions and oxide...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:36

... transition metals, for example, Fe, Co and Ni, rare earths such as Y and Gd, and platinum group metals such as Rh, Ru and Pt [25–32] In this respect, the graphite anode is doped with such metal catalysts ... metal particles used for nanotube synthesis The bimetallic catalyst contains one metal from Group VIII including Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, and one metal from Group VIB including Cr, W, and ... nanotube [58–60] Figure 1.9(a) and (b) Figure 1.9 TEM images of CNTs synthesized using the catalyst with 10% nickel at 450  C [(a) and (b)], and at 650  C [(c) and (d)] Reproduced with permission...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 15:04

... nickel- containing alloys) , oxidic nickel (e.g., nickel oxides, hydroxides, silicates, carbonates, complex nickel oxides), sulphidic nickel (e.g., nickel sulphide, nickel subsulphide) and water soluble nickel ... studies of male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to nickel subsulphide, nickel oxide and nickel sulphate hexahydrate [30-32]; and Wistar rats exposed to nickel metal powder [35] ... exposed to nickel subsulphide and nickel sulphate but not to oxidic and metallic nickel But it was associated with lung neoplasms found only in rats exposed to nickel subsulphide and nickel oxide...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Length and Femoral Offset discrepancies in Hip Resurfacing, Large Head Metal- on- Metal and Conventional Total Hip Replacement: a case series Katie A Herman1, Alan J Highcock2, John D Moorehead2 and ... [13] Altogether 19/20 patients with hip resurfacing and 4/20 patients with large head metal- onmetal and small head THR replacement met the set standard for leg length restoration This shows hip ... patients) and ≤4.62mm difference in femoral offset (10/20 patients) Hip resurfacing had the highest percentage of patients meeting these standards and the lowest average change in leg length and femoral...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... for transport and reducing the resistivity of the δ-doped layer Figure The two-terminal magnetoresistance at base temperature (T≈50 mK) for aluminium and nickel silicide contact metallizations ... Si:P δ-layers with both nickel silicide and aluminium ohmic contacts We have shown that a nickel silicide contact is comparable to aluminium, with the added advantage that nickel silicide does not ... Authors’ contributions CMP fabricated and measured the samples and wrote the manuscript WRC and MYS assisted in experimental design, measurement, data analysis and preparing the manuscript Competing...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... plates (105 cells/well) and cultured for 24 h at 37 °C with 5% CO2, then both quercetin and Ni nanoparticles were injected to cells and their concentrations were 5.0 and 2.0 lg/mL, respectively ... quercetin solution and cells exposed to Ni nanoparticles cocultured for h and e 50 lmol/L of quercetin solution and cells exposed to Ni nanoparticles incubated for h Here, C stands for SMMC-7721 ... and their relevant effects on cell proliferation have been evaluated by MTT and RT-CES assay The results suggest that Ni nanoparticles and quercetin have synergic effect on SMMC-7721 cells, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... materials, energy, technology, and information Metals and alloys are materials, which have been widely used by mankind for thousands of years, and this is no mere chance: metals have many remarkable ... value and have been described in books and reviews and important data are also scattered in numerous articles Previous investigations improved our knowledge High Temperature Strain of Metals and Alloys, ... Solidification and Crystallization 322 pages with 204 figures and 20 tables 2004 Hardcover ISBN 3-527-31011-8 Leyens, C., Peters, M (eds.) Titanium and Titanium Alloys Fundamentals and Applications...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... were pure metals, binary substitutional solid solutions and superalloys Metals with face-centered and body-centered crystal lattices were examined: nickel, copper, iron, vanadium, niobium and molybdenum ... → EI867 Intermetallic compounds Ni3 Al and Ni3 (Al,W) were vacuum-melted in a laboratory furnace Refractory metals (niobium and molybdenum) were produced in industrial arc-heating and electron-beam ... method at high temperatures Pure metals, solid solutions and nickel- based superalloys have been studied 25 Structural Parameters in High-Temperature Deformed Metals 3.1 Evolution of Structural...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... stage for face-centered metals are listed in Table 3.1 29 30 Structural Parameters in High-Temperature Deformed Metals Tab 3.1 Average substructure parameters in nickel and copper at steady-state ... quantities of z0 in nickel and niobium are 4–5 hn and 9–10 hn, respectively ¯ A comparison of the average distances λ between sub-boundary dislocations, determined by the X-ray method, and the spacings ... loops and helicoids: (a), (b) Iron tested at T = 973K and σ = 10MPa; ×46 000 (c) Niobium tested at T = 1508K and σ = 17.3MPa; ×39 000 39 40 Structural Parameters in High-Temperature Deformed Metals...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... creep rates ε under stress of 80 MPa (a) and of the ˙ mean-square atomic amplitudes (b) for nickel- based alloys The composition of alloys (at.%): 1, nickel; 2, Ni+9.9Al; 3, Ni+9.5Cr; 4, Ni+9.6W ... Velocity of screw dislocations in nickel The distance between jogs is 36nm 1, 2, 3: jogs generate vacancies; , , : jogs absorb vacancies and : 673; and : 873; and : 1073K 4.3 Dislocation Density ... of the experimental results (symbols and dotted lines) and computed data (solid curves) for nickel: 1, 673; 2, 873K Fig 4.9 The steady-state creep rate of nickel as a function of stress Comparison...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... understanding of dislocation processes in these ranges of temperature and stress is of great practical importance Most heat-resistant metals, steels and alloys operate at temperatures between 0.40 and ... strain for pure metals and solid solutions The upper stress limit of the sub-boundary stability depends upon the metal properties and temperature The lower the shear modulus µ and the higher the ... macroscopic behavior at high temperature In Ref [24] four crept metals with face-centered crystal lattices: aluminum, nickel, copper and silver were investigated The subgrain misorientations were...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... superalloys are in aircraft and industrial gas turbines, rocket engines, space vehicles, submarines, nuclear reactors and landing apparatus The structure of the majority of nickel- based superalloys ... 20 years) and this trend is expected to continue Other crucial material properties are crack resistance, stiffness, resistance to oxidation and an acceptable density Such alloys – superalloys – ... parameters, we deformed specimens of nickel by 3% and 7% at room temperature and then annealed them at 873K As a result we obtained the various average subgrain sizes and misorientations (Table 5.1)...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... diagonal [10¯ atoms of 1] aluminum and nickel are altered Atoms of Ni that are denoted as and of Al that are denoted as are located in the first slip plane Atoms of Ni and of Al are located in the ... particles occurs and the deforming dislocations can bow between the obstacles This results in accelerating tertiary creep and rupture 93 94 High-temperature Deformation of Superalloys Fig 6.15 ... stress for five superalloys are presented in Fig 6.16, where ln ε is plotted ˙ against σ Results for three alloys are shown in Fig 6.17 A linear dependence is observed for all superalloys Hence, the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... have been developed for aircraft and industrial gas turbines, rocket engines and space vehicles The structure of nickel- based superalloys consists of the γ matrix and the γ phase precipitations ... view to avoiding slip and fracture along grain boundaries The single-crystal superalloys have superior creep, fatigue and thermal properties compared to conventional cast alloys because the grain ... least 20–40% greater than that of polycrystalline superalloys Cast nickel- based single-crystal superalloys are utilized for blades in aircraft and in stationary gas turbines The blades of very complex...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... high-temperature and low-stress creep of single crystals 7.4 On the Composition of Superalloys Some data about the influence of alloying elements on the strength of nickelbased superalloys are available ... for superalloys which must withstand high stresses at temperatures from 1273 to 1373K (GMSX-4, GMSX-10, TMS-138, Rene N6 and others) The reason for the positive influence of the Re and Ru additions ... population of a/2 < 112 > dislocations has become established and if the shear stress is sufficiently high The addition of rhenium and ruthenium and the ageing heat treatment have an important effect...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... the refractory metal alloys The corresponding nominal compositions of alloys are presented in Table 8.3 Molybdenum-, niobium- and tantalum-based alloys have been developed, studied and utilized ... of nickel- based superalloys The authors investigated the strength behavior and the structure of some binary iridium-based alloys The systems Ir–Nb and Ir–Zr are found to be the most promising alloys ... development of superalloys for operation at temperatures up to 2073 K continues New classes of alloys attract investigators and engineers Refractory superalloys based on the platinum group metals have...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... and Diffusion in Solids, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980 23 K Momma, H Suto, H Oikawa, Relation between high-temperature creep and diffusion in nickel base solid solutions, 3: Diffusion nickel- 63 and ... tungsten-185 in nickel- tungsten alloys, J Jpn Inst Met 1964, 28 (4), 177–200 24 V.K Pishchak, The substructure evolutions and the high-temperature creep mechanisms of metals with face- and body-centered ... 101 – in pure metals 6, – in refractory metals 146, 147, 150 – in superalloys 101 activation volume – equation alloys – Ir–Nb, Ir–Zr 155 – Ni–Cr, Ni–Al, Ni–W 55 – of refractory metals 143, 149,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... of metallic nickel particles on AIF, cytochrome c, and caspase-3, -6, and -9 Effects of metallic nickel particles on AIF, cytochrome c, and caspase-3, -6, and -9 To determine the effects of metallic ... (Figure 6A and 6B) Discussion Nickel and nickel compounds are widely used in industries In occupational settings, workers are exposed to a variety of nickel compounds, nickel alloys, as well as metallic ... pathogenicity and carcinogenicity induced by the metallic nickel particles Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to compare the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by metallic nickel nano- and fine...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... of metal or metalloid elements surrounded by various types of ligands Metal alkoxides belong to a family of organometallic compounds which contain an organic ligand attached to the metal or metalloid ... on both the scientific and personal level, and for his amazing help with TEM, magnetization, and metal complex characterization Thank you to my SURP students David Fulks and Maggie Ashworth You ... Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 Preparation and Functionalization of Macromolecule -Metal and Metal Oxide Nanocomplexes For Biomedical Applications Michael L Vadala...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 16:16