ngram language model example
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation" doc
... 5-gram/2-SLM+2-gram/4-SLM+5-gram/PLSA language model improves both signif-icantly. Bear in mind that Charniak et al. (2003) in-tegrated Charniak’s language model with the syntax-based translation model Yamada and ... Large language models in ma-chine translation. The 2007 Conference on EmpiricalMethods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP),858-867.E. Charniak. 2001. Immediate-head parsing for language models. ... Dis-tributed language modeling for N-best list re-ranking.The 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natu-ral Language Processing (EMNLP), 216-223.Y. Zhang, 2008. Structured language models for...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Smoothing a Tera-word Language Model" doc
... Goodman. 2001. A bit of progress in language modeling. Computer Speech and Language. R. Kneser and H. Ney. 1995. Improved backing-off form-gram language modeling. In International Confer-ence ... Bauman Peto. 1995. Ahierarchical Dirichlet language model. Natural Lan-guage Engineering, 1(3):1–19.Y.W. Teh. 2006. A hierarchical Bayesian language model based on Pitman-Yor processes. In Proceed-ings ... sure the probabilities are normalized. Theinterpolated models always incorporate the lower or-der distribution Pr(c|b) whereas the back-off modelsconsider it only when the n-gram abc has not beenobserved...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Succinct N-gram Language Model" ppt
... -gram language models are com-pressed into 10 GB, which is comparable to a lossyrepresentation (Talbot and Brants, 2008).2 N -gram Language Model We assume a back-off N-gram language model ... language model structure and word iden-tifiers. In Proc. of ICASSP 2003, volume 1.A. Stolcke. 1998. Entropy-based pruning of backoff language models. In Proc. of the ARPA Workshopon Human Language ... representation withblock compression. N-gram language models of42.65GB were compressed to 18.37GB. Finally,the 8-bit quantized N -gram language models arerepresented by 9.83GB of space.Table...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Phonotactic Language Model for Spoken Language Identification" pptx
... statistical language modeling, and language identification. A typical LID system is illustrated in Figure 1 (Zissman, 1996), where language dependent voice tokenizers (VT) and lan-guage models ... Tokenization at different resolutions 2.2 n-gram Language Model With the sequence of tokens, we are able to es-timate an n-gram language model (LM) from the statistics. It is generally agreed ... the 1996 NIST Language Recognition Evaluation database. 1 Introduction Spoken language and written language are similar in many ways. Therefore, much of the research in spoken language identification,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Japanese OCR Error Correction using Character Shape Similarity and Statistical Language Model " pptx
... efficient. 5 Experiments 5.1 Training Data for the Language Model We used the EDR Japanese Corpus Version 1.0 (EDR, 1991) to train the language model. It is a corpus of approximately 5.1 million ... dictionary. 3.2 Word Model for Unknown Words We defined a statistical word model to assign a rea- sonable word probability to an arbitrary substring in the input sentence. The word model is formally ... correction candidate is selected by the word segmentation algo- rithm using the OCR model and the language model. For simplicity, we will present the method as if it were for an isolated word...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Structured Language Model" ppt
... Derivational Model. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Workshop, 272-277. ARPA. Raymond Lau, Ronald Rosenfeld, and Salim Roukos. 1993. Trigger-based language models: a maximum ... 2 P(wk/Wk-ITk 1) = P(wjho) models, re- ferred to as H and h, respectively; h0 is the previous exposed (headword, POS/non-term tag) pair; the parses used in this model were those assigned man- ... word wk and they were implemented using the Maximum Entropy Model- ing Toolkit 1 (Ristad97). The constraint templates in the {W,H} models were: 4 <= <*>_<*> <7>; P- <=...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Intelligent Selection of Language Model Training Data" ppt
... domain-specific and non-domain-specifc language models, for each sentence of the textsource used to produce the latter language model. We show that this produces better language models, trained on less data, ... approachto statistical language modeling for Chinese.ACM Transactions on Asian Language Informa-tion Processing, 1(1):3–33.Dietrich Klakow. 2000. Selecting articles fromthe language model training ... language model, we score them bythe difference of the cross-entropy of a text seg-ment according to the in-domain language model and the cross-entropy of the text segment accord-ing to a language...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Optimizing Language Model Information Retrieval System with Expectation Maximization Algorithm" doc
... its original parame-ters are given by the basic language modeling approach calculation. Figure 2. HMM model for EM IR We define our HMM model as a four-tuple, {S,A,B,π}, where S is a ... calculated with the simple language modeling approach. Even if the query term is not in the document, it will be assigned a small value according to the basic language modeling method. The rest ... (1999), for example, was the first to bring up a model with bi-grams and Good Turing re-estimation to smooth the docu-ment models. Latter, Miller et al. (1999) used Hidden Markov Model (HMM)...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Discriminative Language Model with Pseudo-Negative Samples" pptx
... incorrect examples indepen-dently in training.3 Discriminative Language Model withPseudo-Negative samplesWe propose a novel discriminative language model; a Discriminative Language Model with ... propose a novel discrim-inative language model, which can be ap-plied quite generally. Compared to thewell known N-gram language models, dis-criminative language models can achievemore accurate ... discriminative language models have been used only forre-ranking in specific applications becausenegative examples are not available. Wepropose sampling pseudo-negative examplestaken from probabilistic language...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Language Model Based Arabic Word Segmentation" pdf
... applicable to various language families including agglutinative languages (Korean, Turkish, Finnish), highly inflected languages (Russian, Czech) as well as semitic languages (Arabic, Hebrew). ... inferred. We would like to thank Martin Franz for discussions on language model building, and his help with the use of ViaVoice language model toolkit. References Beesley, K. 1996. Arabic Finite-State ... Prefix*-Stem-Suffix* 3 Morpheme Segmentation 3.1 Trigram Language Model Given an Arabic sentence, we use a trigram language model on morphemes to segment it into a sequence of morphemes...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Automatic Acquisition of Language Model based on Head-Dependent Relation between Words" pdf
... Preliminary experiments We have experimented with three language models, tri-gram model (TRI), bi-gram model (BI), and the proposed model (DEP) on a raw corpus extracted from KAIST corpus ... useful than the naive word sequences of n-gram, for language modeling. We are planning to experiment the perfor- mance of the proposed language model for large corpus, for various domains, and ... Based n-gram Models of Natural Language& quot;. Computational Linguistics, 18(4):467-480. C. Chang and C. Chen. 1996. "Application Is- sues of SA-class Bigram Language Models"....
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Preference-first Language Processor Integrating the Unification Grammar and Markov Language Model for Speech Recognition-ApplicationS" potx
... Markov language model, and a simple set of unification grammar rules for the Chinese language, although the present model is in fact language independent. The system is written in C language ... The language processor consists of a language model and a parser. The language model properly integrates the unification grammar and the Markov language model, while the parser is defined based ... summarized. The Laneua~e Model The goal of the language model is to participate in the selection of candidate constituents for a sentence to be identified. The proposed language model is composed...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining a Statistical Language Model with Logistic Regression to Predict the Lexical and Syntactic Difficulty of Texts for FFL" potx
... astatistical language model and a measure of tensedifficulty.4.1 The language model The lexical difficulty of a text is quite an elaboratephenomenon to parameterise. The logistic regres-sion models ... linguistic unit toconsider. The equations introduced above use216.1 The language model: probabilities andsmoothingFor our language model, we need a list of Frenchlemmas with their frequencies of ... B2 C1 C2 MeanPO model 91% 91% 67% 68% 53% 55% 56% 86% 68% 70%MLR model 93% 90% 69% 51% 59% 56% 64% 88% 73% 71%Table 2: Mean adjacent accuracy per level for PO model and MLR model (on the test...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Flexible POS Tagger Using an Automatically Acquired Language Model" potx
... and the language model can be easily extended, improving the results. The tagger has been tested and evaluated on the WSJ corpus. 1 Introduction In NLP, it is necessary to model the language ... kinds of constraints are unrestricted, and the language model can be easily extended. The structure of the tagger is presented in figure 1. Language Model . I~:.i:;:;~: I / le~ed | t wri.e. | ... performed and the results obtained can be found in sections 5 and 6. 2 Language Model We will use a hybrid language model consisting of an automatically acquired part and a linguist-written...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "On-line Language Model Biasing for Statistical Machine Translation" docx
... and Richard Schwartz.2008. Language and translation model adaptation us-ing comparable corpora. In Proceedings of the Confer-ence on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Pro-cessing, EMNLP ... Linguistics.Bing Zhao, Matthias Eck, and Stephan Vogel. 2004. Language model adaptation for statistical machinetranslation with structured query models. In Proceed-ings of the 20th international conference ... across language pairs(English-Dari and English-Pashto).1 IntroductionWhile much of the focus in developing a statisticalmachine translation (SMT) system revolves aroundthe translation model...
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- a structured language model
- combining a statistical language model
- processor integrating the unification grammar and markov language model
- ngram language model for spoken language processing
- succinct ngram language model
- discriminative ngram language model
- ngram language model wiki
- ngram language model tutorial
- ngram language model java
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