neurotoxicity and behavioral effects of environmental chemicals

... effects of single chemicals, degradation products and mixtures External environmental effects must also be 280 EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS included as system parameters in evaluation of pollutant effects ... Ferrand, E.F., Effects of Air Pollutants, The Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, 4th Ed., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York 1998 Glasser, M., L Greenburg and ... resulting from pollutants Effects may EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS range from lessened health levels to death Chronic toxicity is of major interest here Included under effects of chornic toxicity are carcinogenicity,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... types of particulates, lead and other heavy metals, and various kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) The major source of air pollution is the combustion of fossil fuels for electricity and ... but rather an issue of conservation, aesthetics, and the preservation of natural beauty and resources Nevertheless, many of the world’s lakes, rivers, and streams have suffered, and are still suffering, ... Kandlikar, M and Ramachandran, G., The causes and consequences of particulate air pollution in urban India: A synthesis of the science, Ann Rev Energy Environ., 25, 629, 2000 He, K., Huo, H and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... depending on the types of toxicants, their concentrations, and species of exposed organisms 3.7.2 ACUTE EFFECTS A number of acute pollution episodes have occurred in different parts of the world since ... 1952, and was the result of fog and thermal inversion Many people suffered from shortness of breath Cyanosis, some fever, and excess fluid in the lungs were reported in many patients High levels of ... period between 1947 and 1951 and the number of deaths that occurred during the episode (Figure 3.2) Most of those affected were in the older age groups, and generally had disease of the heart or lungs...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... presence of a large amount of COHb in the blood disrupts the vital system for exchange of CO2 and O2 between the blood and the lungs and other body tissues Interference with the functioning of hemoglobin ... characteristics of these chemicals have been elucidated These chemicals are highly persistent, highly fat-soluble, and have a high potential to accumulate in fat tissue of animals and humans Some examples of ... uptake of sublethal amounts of toxicants over a long period Chronic injury is manifested by yellowing of leaves that may progress slowly through stages of bleaching until most of the chlorophyll and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... lungs and other tissues They engulf an organism or a particle by membrane invagination and pouch formation, and are one of the most important components of the immune response A number of environmental ... process of the glomeruli is physical, not chemical The area of the filtering surface of glomeruli of a single kidney is as large as the surface of the entire body, and the glomerular capillaries of ... very dilute, and is mostly water Out of some 200 l of filtrate a day, an average adult concentrates about 1.5 l of urine It is obviously essential that most of the filtrate and many of its dissolved...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants National Academy of Sciences, 1977 8.4.3 EFFECTS ON PLANTS Studies on the effects of O3 ... inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in vivo, and stimulation of peroxidase activity 8.3.4 HEALTH EFFECTS Studies on the pathological and physiological effects of NO2 ... production of fibrin in the airway, an increased number of macrophages, and altered appearance of the cells in the distal airway and adjacent pulmonary alveoli Terminal bronchioles showed hyperplasia and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... brain and nervous system, resulting in such problems as retardation and behavioral changes Of greatest current concern is the impairment of cognitive and behavioral development in infants and young ... application of fertilizers and fungicides, recycling of ferrous scraps and motor oils, and disposal and incineration of Cd-containing products Although aerial deposition is an important route of mobility ... bioaccumulation of Hg in fish and shellfish is depicted in Figure 12.5 12.4.5 12.4.5.1 TOXICITY OF MERCURY Effects of Mercury on Algae Very low concentrations of Hg can be lethal to some species of algae and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... 13.2.3.3 Environmental Toxicology Action of Acetylcholinesterase and Organophosphates The mode of action of organophosphorus insecticides in vertebrates and invertebrates is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase ... structure of aldicarb carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) The mode of action of the carbamates is the same as that of organophosphates, i.e., inhibition of AChE ... location and degree of chlorination of the biphenyl molecule The rate of metabolism and excretion decreases as the number of chlorines increases Therefore, mono-chlorobiphenyls are metabolized and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... formation and disruption of migration and segregation of chromosomes Removal of an amino group (NH2) from adenine, cytosine, or guanine Interference with biosynthesis of purines or pyrimidines and ... INDUCTION OF MUTATION Commonly found mutagens that are of most concern to humans include: ultraviolet (UV) light, ionizing radiation, microtoxins, and organic and inorganic chemicals Some common environmental ... x-rays Pyrolysis products of tryptophan, broiled meat, beer and whisky Cigarettes and wood smoke Textile dyes, manufacture of paper and leather Metal alloys, mines Cigarettes and wood smoke Peroxidized...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... radiation and to chemical, biological, and genetic factors (Table 16.2) For example, ionizing radiations, such as x-rays and grays, can produce DNA single- and double-strand breaks and various forms of ... activity of these chemicals is related to their interaction with a cellular receptor, the Ah receptor, which regulates the synthesis of a number of cellular Table 16.4 Chemicals, Groups of Chemicals, ... Preussmann, R., Eisenbrand, G and Spiegelhalder, B., Occurrence and formation of N-nitroso compounds in the environment and in vivo, in Emmelot, P and Kriek, E., Eds., Environmental Carcinogenesis,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... manager, the importance of acquisition of new data, and verification of the risk assessment and monitoring The discussion between the risk assessor and risk manager of societal goals and scientific reality ... strength of the evidence of the exposure and the nature of the outcomes, as well as quantitative assessment of the exposures, host susceptibility factors, and potential magnitude of the risk, and ... MING-HO YU Chap-017 Page: 297 295-302 298 Environmental Toxicology development of an understanding of future conditions, and assessment of risk for issues of concern The primary reason for conducting...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... #14-12 Cấu trúc tài (Q (Quản trò tài chính) ò ) – Trong đo: đó: EBIT (Earnings before interest and taxes) T : Ta es Taxes EBIT x (1- T)= Lợi nhuận sau thuế nợ vàø vốán cổå phầàn h ka : Chi phí ... dòng vốn p g ị g y g Các trung gian tài giảm chi phí giao dịch nào? Tạo kinh tế quy mơ (economies of scale) 2 Phát triển nghiệp vụ chun mơn làm giảm chi phí giao dịch (Puzzle 3) Copyright © 2000 ... Các nhà đầu tư khơng muốn mua chứng khốn xấu, thị trường khơng vân hành tốt g g Giải thích Puzzle and Puzzle Cũng giải thích Puzzle 6: Càng thơng tin bất cân xứng cho cơng ty hoạt động tốt vấn đề...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 19:20

... exposure to environmental and/ or occupational chemicals The CERHR is located at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) of the National Institutes of Health and Dr Michael ... pregnancy and gestation Complete details of the study, including a description of reproductive effects in parents and offspring, are included in Section In the F1 offspring there were no effects ... reports of levels in biological materials (blood, urine, etc.), and the environmental data consist primarily of estimates 2) Patterns of use, expected environmental levels, and vulnerability of exposed...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life Volunteers and ... moral character of men; that it often creates a thirst for spirituous liquors; that it allures to clubs, and grog-shops, and taverns, and thus helps to make idlers and spendthrifts; and finally, ... meeting of the Medical Society of the County of Oneida, on the 5th of March, 1830, a communication was received, signed by a number of highly respectable gentlemen from this and other counties of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... than the developmental effects observed at “high” doses on survival and growth and the “low” dose effects on brain and behavior, mammary gland, prostate gland, and onset of puberty in females ... the incidence of a variety of other ovarian and uterine proliferative lesions and cysts were also reported Replication of these findings and further study of the linkage of early and late occurring ... confirm these findings and include longer periods of follow-up to understand the significance of the structural and cellular effects observed in fetuses and to clarify the relevance of prostate intraepithelial...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20

... splicing A variety of tools are available to us for this purpose and further investigation of these sequence variants will not only further our understanding of the splicing mechanism and improve clinical ... sites, most of them still lack experimental approaches directed at identifying the exact mechanism involved In spite of the well-known lack of reliability of in silico approaches, many of the synonymous ... (mouse–rat and human–dog) [10] This analysis showed a strong purifying selection at silent sites in a critical region of this gene [10], spanning the 3¢ end of exon 10 and the 5¢ end of exon 11...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... screening of 4Ær and no cut-off was used Minimum-energy conformers of b- and a-amino acids were generated by molecular dynamics at high temperature followed by energy minimization Two thousand structures ... grid searches of b-amino acids were initially carried out at intervals of 30° for each torsion angle /, h, and w and were subsequently refined by varying /, w angles in intervals of 10° and setting ... shifts and random coil values, are commonly used to detect secondary structures in peptides and proteins [38] They are reported in Fig Stronger upfield shifts of Ha (Fig 3A) and downfield shifts of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... ii Abstract The Effects of Land Use on the Mobility of Elderly and Disabled and Their Homecare Workers, and the Effects of Care on Client Mobility: Findings from Contra ... Director of the University of California Transportation Center, for, among other things, her help with survey design and thinking about the interaction of land use and transportation variables; Professor ... habits and needs of consumers and providers, and the extent of care consumers received The six interrelated hypotheses predicted that, given the income constraints of both populations and the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 17:20

... images of residents of New Orleans being stranded on their roofs, of creaking and overburdened shelters themselves threatened by the storm, and of national leaders floundering on the best course of ... our understanding of the causes and consequences of disasters There is a long and robust history of the study of disasters in the academic literature that varies by discipline and offers complementary ... The Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Disasters The Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Disasters Experience 1950–2005 Sasha Rudenstine Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... depositing at the feet of the chains of huge deposits of sand, gravel and clay There then followed a phase of general increased marine predominance, lasting a good part of the Miocene and all the Pliocene ... submersion of the margins of this major Tyrrhenian island The coastlineThe complexity of the peninsula's relief is echoed in the diversity of its coastal profile Along the low and sandy Adriatic ... with the exceptions of the bulge of the Po delta and of the two rocky promontories of the Conero and Gargano The Ionian and Tyrrhenian shores are very different, their extensive sandy curves, corresponding...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 22:04