nêu rõ chức năng của cơ hoành qua tranh vẽ sau

... starting point v (0) The limit v = limk→∞ v (2k) satisfies the equation v = (I + hBc )2 v + h(I + hBc )¯ + h¯ bw bw Solving the above equation yields −1 bw bw v = −0.5(I + 0.5hBc )−1 Bc (I + hBc ... xn )T is asymptotically stable because the eigenvalues of Bc are zeros of the characteristic equation (5) which is Hurwitz 2.2 Euler’s Discretization We consider the effects of the discrete implementation ... is defined by (k) (k) (k) sk = sgn(g(x(k) )) = sgn(c1 x1 + c2 x2 + · · · + cn−1 xn−1 + x(k) ) n Equation (9) is equivalent to (k+1) xi (k) = xi (k) + hxi+1 , for i = 1, 2, , n − 1, (10a) n (k)...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2015, 10:07

... Representation of Continuous-Time LTI Systems 7.5 Solutions of State Equations for Discrete-Time LTI Systems 7.6 Solutions of State Equations for Continuous-Time LTI Systems Solved Problems 365 365 ... as a nonlinear system Equations (1.66) and ( 1.67) can be combined into a single condition as (1.68) T { ~+ w ) = ~ I Y + a Y z I I where a , and a, are arbitrary scalars Equation (1.68) is known ... LTI Systems 2.8 Eigenfunctions of Discrete-Time LTI Systems 2.9 Systems Described by Difference Equations Solved Problems 56 56 56 58 59 60 61 63 64 65 66 Chapter Laplace Transform and Continuous-Time...

Ngày tải lên: 15/05/2014, 10:55

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... N complex symbols drawn from a typical signal constellation such as phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) The inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT) of these N symbols ... information is available at the receiver, but not at the transmitter Consequently, the transmit power is equally allocated among all the transmit antennas SINR Analysis in MIMO-OFDM Systems This paper treats ... received in multiple receive antennas can be exploited to improve the receive SINR In the following, equal gain combining (EGC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) are considered 3.2 SINR Analysis with...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... Approximation Methods The numerical calculation of a fractional differential equation is not simple as that of an ordinary differential equation In the literatures of fractional chaos, two approximation methods ... algorithm for fractional-order differential equations The brief introduction of this algorithm is as following Consider the following differential equation: α Dt x f t, x , ≤ t ≤ T, xk k x0 , k ... , ≤ t ≤ T, xk k x0 , k 0, 1, 2, , n − 2.7 Advances in Difference Equations which is equivalent to the Volterra integral equation 20 α −1 k x0 x k Set h T/N, tn nh n α −1 xh tn k x0 k tk n k!...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... Providence, RI, USA, 1986 11 R Conti, “Equazioni differenziali ordinarie quasilineari condizioni lineari,” Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata Serie Quarta, vol 57, pp 49–61, 1962 12 I T Kiguradze, ... systems,” Journal of Differential Equations, vol 223, no 2, pp 290–302, 2006 10 P H Rabinowitz, Minimax Methods in Critical Point Theory with Applications to Differential Equations, vol 65 of CBMS Regional ... to get 2.10 , we use a similar argument as that in the proof of 2.2 and the inequalities 2.8 Hence we get the inequality −C ≤ C u0 n 2α − 2π G t, u0 dt n 2.12 Hence by condition G and Lemma 3.1...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... (6) is a function of the distribution of the d nonzero bits over the J hops This distribution is quantified assuming uniform channel interleaving of the coded bits over the hops [13] Denote the ... bits in hop j and we have assumed that E p = Es , that is, the energy used for pilot signals is equal to the signal energy Define the normalized ⎞ (31) Define the SINR for imperfect CSI given k interfering ... have more channel diversity at the cost of lower minimum distance and worse channel estimation quality In Figure 8, we show the performance of the coded FHSS system over Rayleigh and Rician fading...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... satisfies the inequality sup x k k 1,2, where w Cn ≤ β0 w Cn m 1 − μ0 q ϕ , ϕ −1 , , ϕ −m , with ϕ defined in 2.14 −1 , 4.12 12 Advances in Difference Equations Since the calculation of quantities ... the solution of the homogeneous equation k m x k Al k x k − l 2.16 l with the same initial conditions: y k ϕk , for k0 − m ≤ k ≤ k0 2.17 Advances in Difference Equations Lemma 2.3 see The solution ... Consider the equation x k −L k x k f k , 3.3 where f : N → Cn is a bounded function such that f ∞ sup f k k∈N < ∞ 3.4 Rigoberto Medina Theorem 3.1 Under conditions 2.4 and 2.5 , let the inequality...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... angle The beam could be steered to a desired direction by varying ψ, that is to say, setting ψ equal to the arrival angle θ of the desired signal Hereafter, we will use the antenna pattern specified ... duration Tb The signal is spread in the frequency domain with the spreading gain L which is also equal to the number of subcarriers Δ fk is the CFO between oscillators of the kth user’s transmitter ... estimated arrival angle that is used to steer the beam to the desired 0th user and is assumed to be equal to θ , that is, ψ = θ ; sinc (x) = sin(πx)/πx and ε = Δ f Tb is the normalized CFO (NCFO) for...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Differential Equations and Inequalities, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000 [2] J Baˇtinec and J Dibl´k, Asymptotic formulae for a particular solution of linear nonhomogeneous s ı discrete equations, ... monotone difference equations, Advances in Difference Equations 2005 (2005), no 1, 41–55 [12] M Migda, A Musielak, and E Schmeidel, On a class of fourth-order nonlinear difference equations, Advances ... Difference Equations 2004 (2004), no 1, 23–36 [13] Ch G Philos and I K Purnaras, An asymptotic result for some delay difference equations with continuous variable, Advances in Difference Equations...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... quasilinear elliptic systems, Differential Integral Equations 16 (2003), no 12, 1519–1531 P Dr´ bek, A Kufner, and F Nicolosi, Quasilinear Elliptic Equations with Degenerations and a Singularities, ... Electron J Differential Equations 1999 (1999), no 40, 1–15 J Fleckinger, R F Man´ sevich, N M Stavrakakis, and F de Th´ lin, Principal eigenvalues for a e some quasilinear elliptic equations on RN , ... problems for quasilinear operators on a unbounded domains, NoDEA Nonlinear Differential Equations Appl (2001), no 4, 481– 497 K Pfl¨ ger, Existence and multiplicity of solutions to a p-Laplacian equation...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... Stetler-Stevenson WG: Quantitative zymography: detection of picogram quantities of gelatinases Anal Biochem 1994, 218:325-329 24 Leber TM, Balkwill FR: Zymography: a single-step staining method for the quantitation ... their low-molecular-mass activated forms were quantified by videodensitometry [22] The substrate zymograms rather than western blots were used to quantify hormone-mediated increases in proteinase ... western blot analysis for collagenase-1 and stromelysin-1 Substrate zymography Enzyme activities were quantified by substrate zymography of conditioned media from 32 hemisections (mean wet weight 13...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... current  LCA  methodologies.  In  developing the proposed methodology, we employed both quantitative and  qualitative analysis in Chapter 3. In defining the generic life cycle system, we  followed  ... Following the system definition schematized in Figure 3‐3, we can express the  system energy balance using Equation (3‐4), and the system energy efficiency  using Equation (3‐5).    (3‐4)  (3‐5)      In  addition,  power  generation  ... boundary  issues  at  the  framework  level.  A  potential  improvement  could  come  from  a  quantitative  analysis in the PCA approach for scientifically justifying the selection of system ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:18

... described by partial differential equations There are three classes of partial differential equations: elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic Any partial differential equation of second order (having ... well as temporally These systems are generally described by partial differential equations (PDEs), integral equations or transcendental transfer functions (Ray, 1981) On top of these, material ... Minimum Variance controller based on Forward Path model ODE Ordinary Differential Equation PDE Partial Differential Equation PFR Plug Flow Reactor PID Proportional Integral Derivative RC Recycle Compensator...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:06

... parabolic equations, SIAM J Numer Anal 36 (1999) 393–416 [15] R Redlinger, On Volterra’s population equation with di usion, SIAM J Math Anal 16 (1985) 135–142 [16] S Ruan, J Wu, Reaction–di usion equations ... ( ; ) and the equation (see Eq (2.11)) a1 − b1 c1 − c1 c2 = 0; a1 − b1 c1 − c1 c2 = 0; a2 + b2 c1 − c2 c2 = 0; a2 + b2 c1 − c2 c2 = 0: (3.7) Subtraction of the corresponding equations (3.7) gives ... erential Equations with Applications in Population Dynamics, Academic Press, New York, 1993 [4] Y Kuang, H.L Smith, Global stability in di usive delay Lotka–Volterra systems, Di erential Integral Equations...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2015, 14:19

... for a “square” box (all sides equal) around the origin — but indeed they apply, with uniform implicit constant, to a square box centered at any point Now we tile the skew box (2.7) by square boxes ... 3-class numbers of the quadratic subextensions; this can be done using the results of [6].) In the latter case, we can refine the argument above; let bM (Y ) be the number of quadratic extensions ... lattice endowed with a natural quadratic form, namely x → tr(x2 ); as such, it defines an element [L] of the moduli space S of homothety classes of positive definite quadratic forms S can be identified...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:21

... " DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS Two classes of equations with broad application in the description of systems are differential equations and difference equations DeJinition ... this and the next section, the term equation refers to either a differential equation or a difference equation Definition 3.5 A time-variable equation is an equation in which one or more terms ... DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND LINEARSYSTEMS 3.1 System Equations 3.2 Differential Equations and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:13

... investigations to understand qualitative and quantitative properties of dynamic systems for many years Lyapunov’ s direct method is a standard technique used in the study of the qualitative behavior ... expressions are very useful in the study of qualitative properties of solutions of fractional order differential equations 2.2 Fractional order differential equations with Caputo’s derivative The main ... of the fractional order differential equations with Caputo’s Yakar et al Advances in Difference Equations 2011, 2011:54 http://www.advancesindifferenceequations.com/content/2011/1/54 Page of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... quan ngắn gọn tầm quan trọng lý thuyết Shannon cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/paper.html Bạn tải báo ban đầu Shannon từ link Câu hỏi 1 .Vẽ sơ đồ khối hệ thống truyền thông giải thích chức ... diện 2,77 bit 2.3 Năng suất kênh truyền (Channel capacity): Shannon đưa khái niệm suất kênh truyền , giới hạn liệu truyền qua môi trường Nhiều lỗi việc vận chuyển thông tin qua môi trường phụ ... mã hóa – sau biến điệu lên gửi qua phương tiện truyền thông Tại nơi nhận, điều chế làm nhiệm vụ giải điều chế, hoạt động ngược mã hóa kênh mã hóa nguồn (kênh giải mã giải mã nguồn) thực Sau thông...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2012, 10:13