multiple infection and its consequences for virulence management

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 15:22

... zero and 1, we have deviated from the forms of equations and STUDY SPECIES AND DATA SETS Both butterfly species analysed here, P clodius (Auckland, Debinski & Clark 2004) and P smintheus (Roland, ... populations, and may account for the apparently male-biased sex ratio we observed for P smintheus (Roland et al 2000; Matter & Roland 2002; Matter et al 2003) and the high female death rate estimated for ... (equations 1a, b and 3, with the alternative forms of c(·) shown in Table 1), for which sufficient data (> 10 censuses in a single season) were available for P clodius in 2000 and for P smintheus...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... order to describe the stand history, the past and the present forest dynamic and to provide a future reference between managed and unmanaged stands Information for forest stand retrospective studies ... in the Buscaié and Prel forests were directly related to the plots chosen for study RESULTS 3.1 Past land and forest use The forestry history of the high Pesio valley and the landuse of the territory ... chronologies coupled with age structure and land use history has proven to be a particular robust approach for describing past forest stand history and past and present forest dynamic [1, 27, 42, 46,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... MTP are detectable and quantifiable tools for MTP diagnosis The mechanisms for the formation of muscle taut band are not fully understood The molecular mechanisms of taut band formation have been ... contraction and/ or muscle cramps within taut muscle band contributes significantly to muscle tension and to the formation of taut band associated with MTP [24,43] Additional contributions to the formation ... spontaneous electrical activity and its consequences for pain induction and propagation Chinese Medicine 2011 6:13 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 14:20

... power-base (economic, military, politic) As he puts it “language exits only in the brains and mouths and ears and hands and eyes of its users When they succeed, on the international stage, their ... good opportunities for foreigners to invest into Vietnam, for tourists to visit the country As a result, English is not only an interest but also a practical and a great demand for many people Especially ... however, to keep and develop the status, political and economical power are essential In other words, to maintain the status, a language needs a strong base and force to popularize itself Hardly...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 20:20

... However, many linguists pay more attention to its prosodic aspect and consider tone to be absolutely as essential a part of the word as its consonant and its vowel In the instance that follows, the ... careful, progressive and systematic training, and from practice and language use Conclusion This study has compared several intonational features of Vietnamese and those of English, and provided some ... mature, casual, standard, and good (according to Joos’s criteria) Vietnamese is used as the native language and English as the target language The Vietnamese word structure and the Vietnamese...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... include Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989), Epstein and Wang (1994), Anderson, Hansen, and Sargent (2000), Chen and Epstein (2002), Hansen and Sargent (2001), Epstein and Miao (2003), Routledge and Zin (2002), ... derivatives are examined by Liu and Pan (2003), Liu, Longstaff, and Pan (2003) and Das and Uppal (2001) Dufresne and Hugonnier (2001) study the impact of event risk on pricing and hedging of contingent ... one for risk aversion and the other for elasticity of intertemporal substitution Similarly, in our framework, the utility function also has two parameters: one for risk aversion and the other for...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... the one hand we still recognise it as a verb, but on the other hand we can distinguish it from its normal form of usage Moreover, theoretically we not treat it as nominalised but if for any practical ... theoretically valid on the one hand, and the tagged corpus would be of practical use for NLP tasks (e.g parsing) on the other In our approach, each tag consists of a letter code for the general classification ... (i.e noun, verb, etc.) of the word, and another for the sub-classification according to the particular context For example, when a verb is used as the subject on its own (i.e no modification, not...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... the tin and gold For filling by hand pressure, use instruments with square ends and sides, medium serrations, and of any form or size which will best reach the cavity For filling with the hand mallet, ... tin, and history records its use 500 B.C., but not for filling teeth; much later on, the Ph[oe]nicians took it from Cornwall, England, to Tyre and Sidon The alchemistic name for tin is Jove, and ... needs of both teacher and pupil It is difficult for the student to collect and harmonize from the many different sources just the kind and amount of information required for his special use Perhaps...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... tRNACGA and tRNAGGA isoacceptors were found to be well expressed in vivo Km values for serylation were estimated for the expressed tRNAs and for in vitro 2838 Fig Native PAGE analysis of complex formation ... change its substrate specificity is not straightforward and may possibly be achieved only by multiple alterations of the active site residues Furthemore, contemporary methanogenic-type SerRS and ... swings toward the bound substrate and stabilizes its bend conformation by interacting with the c-phosphate Following the formation of seryl-adenylate, Arg347 moves from its previous position because...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... mobility controls: labelled Comp-CT alone and a completely annealed reaction Samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 10, and 30 Single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) species are indicated (B) Bar ... single-strand loop formation directed by constitutive and regulated sequence-specific DNA binding proteins may provide an effective tool for customizing the action of other factors and their upstream ... Oligonucleotides used for mutant generation were: forward 5¢-CGCGGATCCGCATGGACATGAGTACC AG-3¢, and reverse 5¢-GGAATTCCTACGCAGACGCTT CGATGGCGCAGTCTCTCGC-3¢ cDNAs coding for CNBP wild-type and CNBPS158A...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... (GIZA++, TER, CLA and IHMM) for hypothesis alignment using the same experimental data and the same multiple MT system outputs with similar features in terms of translation performance We conduct ... They are association score of the null-aligned word and its left word, or the null-aligned word and its right word We use point-wise mutual information (MI) as Equation to estimate the likelihood ... therefore, only surface similarity is applied in IHMM-based and CLA-based methods We compute the distortion model by following (He et al., 2008) for IHMM and CLA-based methods The weights for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... regeneration enzyme for its cofactor substrate and product is an important parameter Therefore, the dissociation constants (KD) for the cofactor substrates and products were determined WT and PTDH-E175A ... providing DV and DV K for both substrates as presented in Table The DV value for PTDH-E175A A176R was 2.21 0.03 with NAD and 1.7 0.1 with NADP Therefore, the hydride transfer step for the PTDHE175A ... concentration of the titrant, and KD is the dissociation constant for the given titrant Each experiment was performed at least three times for which the average values and standard deviation were obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... 2009 Potential wealth transfer ACCOUNTS MANIPULATION Outside the limits of laws and standards Within the limits of laws and standards Return: Earnings per share (EPS) Fraud Main research streams ... sphere of serious accounting scandals within the big companies (for example, World Com and Enron) and in the banking sector (for example BCCI, Barings, Allied Irish Bank and Baninter), Mine Omurgonulsen, ... earnings therefore the reduced effort for the audit works increases the possibility that the managers report manipulated profits A factor of the weak conformity with the accounting standards seems...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... glycoproteins consisting of two identical subunits (Schwimmer and Mazelis 1963; Mazelis and Crews 1968; Tobkin and Mazelis 1979; Nock and Mazelis a 1986; Landshuter et al 1994; Lohmüller et al 1994; ... P-19486 alliinase for (±)-alliin was 2.3 mM, and was apparently lower than that for (+)-alliin (5.7 mM), suggesting that the Km value for (-)-alliin might be around mM or less We therefore examined ... non-spore forming, motile, catalase-positive, and cytochrome oxidase-positive Gelatin and starch were not utilized In addition to these morphological and physiological properties, the carbohydrate and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... those D band, D0 band and G band peaks changed only slightly Additional Raman peaks from the ZnO shells appeared; the relatively strong peaks at 427 and 567 cm-1 correspond to Ehigh and A1 (LO) ... distortion [18] The intensity ratio of the D0 over the G band (ID0 /IG) increases with a decrease in the graphite crystalline domain The D band and D0 band peak are very strong, indicating that the CNTs ... cm-1 corresponding to sp2-hybridized carbon and a D band at *1346 cm-1 originating from disordered carbon [17, 18] In addition to the D band, the D0 band as a shoulder of the Nanoscale Res Lett...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... explicit formulas for nonconjugate and conjugate cyclic autocorrelation function and spectral correlation function of OFDM and FBMC signals, which are very useful for blind MCM signals detection and ... the aforementioned theoretical knowledge, Section analyzes and derives the theoretical formulas of nonconjugate and conjugate cyclic autocorrelation and spectral correlation functions of OFDM and ... α ( f ) = Sα ( f ) = for all α = 0, and for a cyclostationary Sx / x∗ signal, any nonzero value of the frequency parameter α, for which the nonconjugate and conjugate CAFs and SCFs differ from...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... follows In Section we introduce the system model and the information rate for OFDMA and SC-FDMA In Section we derive the SCFDMA rate result and provide its geometrical interpretation assuming equal ... (bits/s/Hz) Average spectral efficiency (bits/s/Hz) 12 100 10−1 Number of users in the system Figure 4: Comparison of the achievable information rate between OFDMA and SC-FDMA for different bandwidths ... sub-carriers to convey information in both systems Therefore, SC-FDMA and OFDMA are the same regarding the rate if they both use the same sub-carrier and the same corresponding power for each sub-carrier...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... matrix U and Q×L matrix V consist of left and right singular vectors, respectively U p (V p ) and Ur (Vr ) are the left and right submatrices of U(V), associated with the p principal and the remaining ... p left and by V p from the right, we get a new p × p matrix pencil Λ p − ξU∗ Y2 V p , p (8) where we have utilized the orthogonality between the columns of U p and Ur , and V p and Vr For the ... The performance of estimation is mainly influenced by the SNR, and the dimension of the matrices Y1 and Y2 Then the sampling period is the key parameter in both the complexity and performance...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... the state of the random number generator, but also on a classifier and its parameters Because of its straightforward implementation, NMF has been applied to solve many tasks: information retrieval ... used: direct, iterative, and iterative2 Regarding NMF, matrices W and H are initialized with random numbers uniformly distributed between and when the state of the random number generator ranged ... ranges for three classifiers when doing classification in the original and NMF spaces for r = 88 and parameters of each classifier given in Section 4.1 In the first column, “NMF-Direct” stands for the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20